Alisher Navoi: biography of an mzobo obalaseleyo

Kukho amabali amaninzi malunga imbongi edumileyo, ogama Alisher Navoi. Ibali lobomi bakhe zizele yeentsomi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa siya kuzama ndibaphangalalisele uthabathe ingcaciso ibali lobomi bakhe.

indawo awazalelwa kuyo imbongi enkulu

Navoi wazalwa kwisixeko samandulo Herat (ngoku. Afghanistan) ngo-1441, xa kuzalwa igama lakhe christened Nizamiddin Mir Alisher. Ababhali-mbali abakakwazi ukuza uluvo oluchanileyo ubuni balo kazwelonke: Abanye bakholelwa ukuba Barlas okanye Chagatai, ezinye - Uzbek okanye Uighur. Kodwa nje ukuba athi ukuba imvelaphi kokwabo abantu eTurkey. Oku kungqinwa, ukongeza iindinyana umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni Abdurahmana Dzhami (ethi "nakuba Persian kwaye Turk, thina ngeyona abahlobo"), imibhalo yakhe, apho wabhala ukuba abantu bakhe - a Turk. Ngexesha amaxesha Soviet, Alisher Navoi waphathwa kanye njengokuba imbongi Uzbek kunye nzulu ngezinto.

ukuze intsapho

usapho imbongi yaba wayesisinhanha, uyise igosa ebalulekileyo entendelezweni Timurid nomalume wakhe - imbongi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukususela ebuntwaneni Alisher Navoi (kabani biography ngokusondeleyo ukuya kulawulo loluntu), wabhala imibongo ngezihloko ezahlukeneyo. Nge 1466 nge 1469 iminyaka imbongi oselula babehlala yaye kufundwa Samarkand, wafundisa okwethutyana madrassahs kwaye kwaxhaswa yimbongi yavelisa amagqabi nganye okanye nzulu.

Alisher Navoi: biography

inani elikhulu babephuma Sufi Order of the othembekileyo (Naqshbandi), abashiya ubomi behlabathi (Fanny - i impermanence yobomi) kwaye ke musa ukuba iintsapho. Njengaye nawuphi na ilungu le-Order oyiNgcwele, Alisher Navoi (ogama imibongo kwakhona achaza le meko, umzekelo, "Lisunov ut-tayir") wayekholelwa ukuba kukho mnye kuphela uthando - Allah, ngoko ke wayengenamdla kwabasetyhini kunye emtshatweni.

Imbongi enkulu yakhuliswa eyadini efanayo kunye amatakane Timurid clan. Nge Hussein Baykara (kamva owaba irhuluneli Khorasan zikarhulumente) Navoi waba ubuhlobo ekufutshane eyathatha ubomi bakhe bonke. Kwaye isizathu sokuba Alisher Navoi (ngobomi bakhe batshintsha kakhulu ngenxa yesi sigqibo) babuya Samarkand ukuya Herat zomthonyama, wakhonza njengoko ibekwa ukuba umhlobo wakhe Hussein. Ngowe-1469, emva kokubuyela imbongi, Hussein Baykara irhuluneli wammisa oyintloko yoshicilelo mafa, Khorasan karhulumente.

Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, Alisher Navoi, thole ezifanelekileyo kumhla wethu, sakhonza urhulumente, wabhala ezininzi isihobe kunye nokubonelela uncedo izinto zonke iimbongi, ababhali, amagcisa kunye neemvumi. Kwimbali Central Asia, ukhunjulwa njengoko umqalisi engundoqo ukwakhiwa madrasas ezininzi, izibhedlele, kwaye amathala eencwadi.

Imisebenzi ye Alisher Navoi

Inkoliso yemisebenzi yakhe imbongi enkulu nzulu ngezinto, babhala Chagatai ulwimi, ukuthatha igama isigaba Alisher Navoi (in Uzbek lithetha "tuneful omnandi"). umbongo wakhe wokuqala wabhala kwi-15 ubudala. Imbongi waba nempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso lolwimi boncwadi, wenza igalelo elikhulu ekuphuculeni ubume chagatay lwesigodi, yaye kamva ulwimi Uzbek.

Heritage Cultural ngoko iqulathe iziqwenga ngaphezulu kwama-3000 ezahlukeneyo ezaqanjwa kuhlobo. Mhlawumbi enye yezona ncwadi adumileyo Imbongi "Pyateritsa", equlethe dastans-5. "ULayla and Majnun", "Farhad kunye Shirin", "Isidubedube nje" - le mibongo abaninzi funda Alishera Navoi.

Alisher Navoi: imibongo in Russian

Uninzi imisebenzi imbongi abhalwe ngolwimi Persian kunye Chagatai ziye zaguqulelwa Russian. Enye imibongo ezininzi adumileyo - 'frisky ghazals ababini bakhe .. "- eliguqulelwe imbongi eSoviet Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Nangona isibakala sokuba Alisher Navoi wakhanyela uthando kunye nezinye iimvakalelo kwabasetyhini, wabhala umbongo yenyama kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo - "Ngobusuku intlungu yam yonke, ndiphume umphefumlo wonke kuzisula ..." "Soloko umphefumlo wam ubukhala, phantse buhlungu ububi yakhe ..." "umsi ukuncwina nje embi elibaleka, khangela ..!" kunye nabanye.

Noko ke, umbhali kwakhona waphakamisa iingxaki zentlalo kunye bulumko ( "Bezdolny enxibe amadlavu ...", "Ukuhlangabezana iwayini kunye ngokuhlwa kunye ilanga ..." "Bonke yakuhlawula, ndiwuhlutha nje wena ..." njalo njalo. D.)

Ukongeza kwimibongo ombambazelayo, imbongi wadala kunye azibhala zembali, nto leyo ichaza ubomi amanani edume inkcubeko. Umzekelo, "Pyateritsa abathobekileyo" sanikezelwa utitshala wakhe nogxa Abdurakhman Jami.

Ekupheleni umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa Alisher Navoi wabhala umbongo ezimbini bulumko, echaza iimbono zakhe malunga nesimo efanelekileyo. Omnye umbongo - "The Language of Birds", okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba, "IPalamente of Birds: Semurg" - lo eluchochoyini umsebenzi wakhe, ke ama yimizekeliso ihlekisa bonke abalawuli ningazi, nabo abo bangazazanga imigaqo isakhiwo sikarhulumente. Yonke imisebenzi Alishera Navoi zizele intsingiselo ugqaliso ezahlukeneyo izihloko ukususela uthando kwezopolitiko ukuphucula ubomi zentlalo abalimi zesiqhelo.

ipolitiki

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba Alisher Navoi waba nemibono ngezinto ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, wayesoloko wamelana imithetho kumaxesha olungumbandezeli, wasigweba ngokuphandle amagosa wathabatha izicengo, ngokunjalo uzama ukukhusela umdla abahluphekileyo. Ngowe-1472 Navoi wafumana isihloko Emir (abe vizier karhulumente), wasebenzisa amandla akhe ukuphucula ubomi babantu abahluphekayo. Nangona ubuhlobo bakhe irhuluneli kunye namanye amagosa obesazeka, Alisher Navoi kunjalo elubhacweni umlawuli Khorasan karhulumente Bayqara kwenye indawo ngenxa inkcaso yakhe phandle ukuba embezzlers kunye ukunyotywa. In Astrabad waqhubeka izicwangciso zakhe ukuphucula ubomi zentlalo kunye noluntu yabantu.

Alisher Navoi wenza igalelo elikhulu hayi kuphela kuphuhliso kukarhulumente, iye yaba nefuthe elikhulu ekuphuculeni ulwimi Uzbek. Imisebenzi yakhe yaziwa kumazwe amaninzi eMpuma (Uzbekistan, Iran, Turkey kunye nabanye. kumazwe Central Asia). Imbongi enkulu wafa ekhaya, Herat ngo-1501.