Alexander G. Kushelov-Bezborodko: ibali lobomi. Zemizi Kushelova-Bezborodko

zemizi Count kaThixo Kushelev-Bezborodko is on Sverdlovskaya eweni eSt Petersburg. Ngokubanzi Neva River, elise Smolny Convent. Emaphandleni kunye nendlu Manor umntu ubutyebi bembali kunye umdla.

zokuhlala indaba

umntu Onge eRashiya uthi into ifani Kushelev-Bezborodko. Kodwa igrafu igadi isakhiwo, leyo kungokunje kwisixeko St. Petersburg kwaye linaloo gama, ukuze yaziwe ngabantu abaninzi.

Ekubeni kwakusazeka ukuba kule ndawo phambi kokuba ukwakhiwa komzi elakhiweyo. Imephu lendlu Manor ngenkulungwane XVII apho ukwazi ukubona kwingqwayi-Swedish Nienschanz. Ngokutsho legend, oko kwabanjwa yinkqubo imigudu komhlaba ukuya emlanjeni Neva. Ekufuphi nedolophu Swedish Nien.

Xa le ndawo wabuyela eRashiya, yaye yakhiwa St. Petersburg nandawo kunye iindawo kwakunikelwa yi uPetros I umfazi wakhe uCatherine ezingqongileyo. Ngaloo mihla, hayi kude Manor baba imiyezo Cossack, kuzo esafunyanwa imithombo yendalo yamanzi izimbiwa, nto leyo, ngamagama loMlawuli Peter I, lechivshegosya oko, akukho nganto indlela yabo. Imithombo bazisa udumo kule ndawo.

Umnini wokuqala Manor

Emva kwexesha elithile, i-Ofisi walawula imimandla banikela abanqwenela ukuthenga kwakhona impahla kunye ne-gadi Cossack. Uvakalise umnqweno wakhe yangasese uceba G. N. Teplov, owayegula kwaye kwafuneka ukuba makaye unyango phesheya phezu kwamanzi. Land Ukufunyanwa wamnika ithuba ukuba usondele zanyangwa ukuya ekhaya. Oko phezu kwayo ngexesha lethu isakhiwo eyaziwa ngokuba Palace Kushelev-Bezborodko eSt Petersburg.

G. N. Teplov ugcwale kwilali ekufuphi abalimi bakhe, wambiza kunye kwilifa Polustrovo. Eli gama lanikwa ngengozi, ekubeni le ndawo yaba mgxobhozo, yaye igama "squishy" eziguqulelwe kwisiLatin ngathi palustris.

uceba lwalo baqhubeka lilungiselelo welifa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, wamema wezakhiwo odumileyo V. Bazhenov. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, yakhiwa kwi indlela zwe. Ngokutsho legend, umakhi wayibuyisela i komhlaba, apho waya Neva. Ukongeza, le lomculo ibe zokugcina ekhaya apho zikhula izityalo eneentyatyambo, imithi yeziqhamo, icuba kunye nemifuno.

Polustrovo umniniyo entsha

Ngowe-1782, G. N. Teplov wafa, kunye nonyana wakhe bathengisa Polyustrovo Russian Chancellor A. A. Bezborodko. Yena ukuba emva konyaka, wamema edumileyo wezakhiwo Quarenghi ukuba ngokutsha welifa, leyo ifomu ukuguqulela efikelele imihla yethu yaye yaziwa ngokuba Pomakazi Kushelev-Bezborodko. Kodwa le ngxelo namhlanje kwi impikiswano, njengoko kukho ubungqina ukuthi ngokutsha welifa, mhlawumbi ikhokelwa wezakhiwo odumileyo saseLviv. Enye ezithile ukuba ucingo edumileyo iingonyama wenza nabayili Russian.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Kvarengi akazange ukuyonakalisa indlu ekhoyo Manor, yaye ngokutsha kuphela, enikela jonga eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Umakhi inxaxheba kulwakhiwo zokuhlala ezininzi ezisezidolophini kodwa ixesha lethu yafikelelwa abathile kubo, kuquka lena.

A. A. Bezborodko engenabantwana, yaye emva kokufa kwakhe, ilifa sifo intombi yakhe, intombi umntakwabo - KI Princess Lobanov-Rostovsky, ukufundisa Umtshana A. G. Kusheleva, apho kamva waba inxitywa igama hyphenated Kulesza-Bezborodko ngokudityaniswa amagama uyise nonina.

Kwakubonakala ngathi le ngokutsha Palace

Emva kokuba ukuvuselelwa owayesakuba uhlobo Gothic wawungasekho. Le zemizi waba ukukhanya ubukeka. Ubume beziko yaba wesakhiwo engundoqo, apho macala ahlukana iigalari omise nevulelekileyo. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa lifa zokwakha Kvarengi isicelo ubuchule asetyenziswe ekwakheni i-Italian izindlu lizwe neegalari evulekileyo, leyo eyomileyo hay.

Sezulu ulophu kwengqukuva osemantla le njongo, ezingenakulinganiswa ukuba kusetyenziswa. Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo, baba ngokutsha waza waba ezivaliweyo. Ehlabathini komkhulu, yenziwe yi Quarenghi, oko ekhutshelwe umyezo e egadini wakha amaziko nendlela IsiNgesi-style.

Decoration waba linxuwa ngumntu, ekudalweni lamaqhosha antique lokwenene zasetyenziswa. Esi sakhiwo siye na walondolozwa, kodwa kwesakhiwo lomculo Manor, ephethwe ugogo wakhe emva kokufa kukayise wakhe waba Alexander G. Kushelev-Bezborodko ifikelele imihla yethu.

Olungaphambili kwesakhiwo le ijongene Neva. nesezindlu zayo Zazihonjiswe kwimiqolo kunye gable ukuba uhlobo ngunxantathu. Territory evela Neva ebunjiweyo uthango esingaqhelekanga, olu sapho lwaluquka iingonyama amanani amatye amabini anethoba ubambe amazinyo kwi kwikhonkco.

Graf AG Kushelev-Bezborodko

I wafumana imfundo esemagqabini. Emva abapasa iimviwo kwiYunivesithi Moscow bafumana ubugqirha kwinzululwazi yeenqobo ezisesikweni kunye nezopolitiko, wathelela njengoko Kollezhsky umcebisi. Uyise wabafunela kuye uhambo kwelinye ilizwe, apho uxanduva lokuba abe phantsi Chancellor Russia kwi-Congress of eVienna. ofisi yakhe ongayisebenzelanga, yaye yena wayehamba eYurophu.

Emva konyaka wabuyela eRashiya. Apha wayenomdla into enye. UMzalwana uyisemkhulu koomama, i-Chancellor Russia A. A. Bezborodko wasishiya tyebi phezu Gymnasium isixhobo of Sciences ePhakamileyo Nizhyn. Olu daba IA Bezborodko Bala uyisemkhulu, bafa ngaphandle nicinga nge. Oko wagqiba ukuphelisa Alexander G. Kushelev-Bezborodko. Ngowe-1820, esi sikolo yasekwa. Ngoku Nezhinskii University.

Umnini lokugqibela - Bala GA Kushelev-Bezborodko

Grigoriy Aleksandrovich waba yindlalifa ubutyebi enkulu wookhokho babo Kushelev Bezborodko. Waye efundile nabanako. Kodwa nangona ukuba uyise wakhulela angqongqo kunye kalukhuni, yena iminyaka elivisayo waqalisa ukuphila ubomi zasendle kwisangqa wenzala oselula abatyebileyo iintsapho ezidumileyo. Oku kwaba nempembelelo kwimpilo lakhe, ubudala 25 ukuba tshembiseke uyagula.

igrafu Imbali Kushelev-Bezborodko umnini yokugqibela welifa e Polyustrovo kwaba buhlungu. Ukuba ubuchule babacandisele uncwadi aziwayo-kakuhle van'wankumi, injinga, waba ngemvelo a ababuthathaka oluthambileyo. Count Kushelev-Bezborodko babehamba kakhulu eYurophu, njengokuba yena wabhala kamva memoirs zakhe lomqhubi. Waye ingqalelo umphakathi ababhali kunye iintatheli, uninzi lwabo, makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, umntu kuzaliseka.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, indlela kuyo ekukhanyeni eluntwini liphezulu awayelilungu ngokuzalwa, iye yavalwa. Cottage Kushelev e Polyustrovo, ngokutsho memoirs ngumbhali Russian DV Grigorovich, ibingumbono engaqhelekanga - hayi isakhiwo ngokwawo, kodwa oko kwakuqhubeka ngaphakathi kuye.

Abantu abaninzi engaziwa kangako, izalamane ezikude kunye nezinye igquba Russian amazwe, ebandakanya iintatheli ezincinane, abadlali, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo babengamatshijolo, ngokufuthi kunye nabafazi babo, abantwana, omnye emva komnye, babehlala khona, badla, basela, ulonwabele amabutho ducal. Indlu ngathi caravanserai. Wonke umntu wenza nantoni na afuna ukuba yiyo, usebenzisa ukutyhafa efakwe-mkhosi. Oku kwaqhubeka de imihla yakhe yokugqibela.

Maecenas, van'wankumi kunye nombhali

GA-Kushelev Bezborodko wahlala kwimemori imbali njenge umxhasi, van'wankumi, umpapashi, umbhali. Kukuthatha kwakhe yapapashwa imibongo A. N. Maykova, wapapasha ukuqokelelwa yokuqala imisebenzi yi enkulu Russian ekuchubekeni A. N. Ostrovskogo kunye nabanye. Emva uthando London nge A. I. Gertsenom, wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo mali kwingxowa-mali kumisa ukunceda Abantu abatsha yaye yaziwa ngokuba "Fund General".

Grigoriy Aleksandrovich wabhala amabali amafutshane, izincoko kunye namanqaku umdla yapapashwa kamva umthamo emibini imisebenzi eziqokelelweyo. Yena epapashwe phantsi elabo Gritsko Grigorenko kwiimagazini ezahlukeneyo.

Nokuba ngexesha lika kayise, ngowe-1850, GA-Kushelev Bezborodko wahlala dacha yakhe Polyustrovo ehlotyeni. Wahlala AK Tolstoy, ivuma Grigorovich, AV Pisemsky. Kubanjwe iingokuhlwa zoncwadi. Xa isimemo yakhe, ngowe-1858 eli lizwe ezityelelwe Alexandre Dumas, lowo umngane eParis.

Le nakumlibo yokugqibela uhlobo ityebileyo, Count Kushelev-Bezborodko UGrigory Alexandrovich, wafa eneminyaka engama-38. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1870.

resort Polyustrovo

Ekuqaleni Manor swampland ngenkulungwane XIX Kushelev-Bezborodko zaye amanzi, endaweni imithombo kugrunjwa imithombo ezintsha yamanzi izimbiwa kunye njengokhetho encinane walungelelanisa maqula thermal. Phantsi nommandla wayo yanikwa yinxalenye yale paka Manor. Kuye khona iminyaka malunga amahlanu.

Ngowe-1868, kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokufa Count lokugqibela, umlilo enkulu iiholide zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye yinxalenye yale paka. Ukubuyisela abuzange. imithombo Umsebenzisi, inkampani iye yaba injineli imigodi abo balungiselele ngayo imveliso, ezibhotileni, carbonation kunye nokuthengiswa amanzi okuthiwa "imithombo Amanzi Polyustrovsky."

I ngakumbi bayahlelwa welifa

ngokuthe ngcembe indawo Polustrovo ibuye ibe namadlelo yokusebenza-class of St. Petersburg. Cottage, leyo owned Kushelev-Bezborodko, yanikwa Elizabeth uluntu Sisters of Charity, leyo yasekwa udade uKumkanikazi, neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa Elizavetoy Fodorovnoy. Apha, isakhiwo kwisibhedlele esitsha kunye umthandazeli ibandla Panteleimon kwakhiwa.

Emva kokuba revolution, ibandla kwaku Hospital wabantwana kwezifo ezosulelayo, kwaye zokuhlala ibekwe kwisakhiwo dispensaries TB. Ngoku ixesha siyaphela ukwakha isakhiwo kwikliniki esitsha. Manor Indlu Kushelev-Bezborodko kudluliselwa abatyali yokubuyiselwa kwaye usebenzise njengeziko lenkcubeko kunye noshishino.