Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler: Ibali lobomi kunye biography

Kapler Aleksey Yakovlevich - screenwriter yiSoviet, weqonga, umlawuli kunye ngumsasazi. Wazalelwa kwintsapho usomashishini yamaYuda esisityebi, echasene iminqweno uyise, waqala ukwenza eqongeni. Awamiselwa ukuba abe intombi yokuqala oyintanda Stalina Svetlany Alliluevoy nothando yokugqibela poetess onesiphiwo Yulia Druninoy. "Cinema" yakhe phakathi TV ithandwayo ibonisa kamabonakude Soviet, kunye neebhanyabhanya apho wayesebenza, ezi yobuciko mfi yesizwe.

Ukuzalwa kunye nosapho

Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler wazalwa ngo September 28, 1903 (ngokwe kweminye imithombo - 1904) e Kiev, intsapho osisityebi yamaYuda. Ekuzalweni wanikwa igama uLazaro, kodwa kamva wathi watshintsha oko. uyise womntwana lowo, yaba odumileyo Kiev umthungi Kapler Yakov Naftalievich. Xa studio yakhe, ibekwe kule mall, banxibe lonke uluntu eliphezulu kwikomkhulu Ukrainian. Kapler ngobuciko sikhe nayiphi xaka. models zakhe zafumana amabhaso phezulu kwimiboniso ngamazwe. Ukongeza kule istudiyo, uYakobi Naftalievich yimpahla enye eyona eyayiseKiev kwiziko bath, apho kwenzeka ukushushubeza nje kuphela, kodwa kwakhona ezidada echibini okanye uthathe ishawa amandla. Lo mhlaba umsiki izama nayo kwizakhiwo zorhwebo, leyo ziyaqashwa ihotele 'iZiyon "nkqu yesikhungu encinane.

amkhanuke theatre

Yakov Kapler kunye nomfazi wakhe raisa Zaharevna wayenethemba lokuba uLazaro iza kuhamba ekhondweni likayise yakhe nokuqhubeka ishishini losapho. Noko ke, ishishini yayindikhathaza unyana wabo omncinane. Buyela esikolweni eziphakamileyo kakhulu unomdla kwezobugcisa yeqonga, waza waqalisa baphupha zokubambela lo msebenzi. Kunye nabahlobo esikolweni waza wabaleka, ezimele emva amatyholo ayegqunyelelwe kwi kweenxweme Dnieper, yena izingeniso umdlalo Kapler Aleksey Yakovlevich. Abantwana bemka esebenza kakhulu kangangokuba ngo-1917, kwangoko emva kokuba revolution, bakha theatre yabo encinane ebizwa ngokuba "harlequin". Unyana umsiki kaThixo sele ulawulwa ukutshintsha igama waza wajika waya Alexis. Ngenxa ebuntwaneni bahlobo basenyongweni Grishka Kozintsev kunye Serozhey Yutkevichem, owathi kamva waba amanani ezaziwayo-kakuhle cinema Soviet, Alexei Kapler wabonisa ababukeli unopopi ubonisa isekelwe kwimibongo Pushkin ngayo.

Amanyathelo okuqala eqongeni

Beginners mummers wayesazi ukuba eKiev, abanako ukufezekisa ukuthandwa ngephupha, yaye kungekudala bagqiba kwelokuba bafudukele Petrograd. Apha ngowe-1921, Kapler, Yutkevich Kozintsev waza waseka mveliso ye umdlali lukhuni (FEKS) apho wazibandakanya Z Trauberg kungekudala. Midlalo yeqonga entsha yahluke kuyaphi yimveliso yamandulo. abadlali Umelo Kiev zizaliswe uburharha, isekisi amanani amaqhinga kunye ezahlukahlukeneyo, kwabangela ngomdla kawonke ngokukhawuleza.

Kapler Aleksey: Umsebenzi omdlali kunye nomsebenzi lo umlawuli

Emva kweminyaka embalwa Fax kaThixo, uLucy Kapler (njengoko abahlobo Alexei ebizwa) kwafuneka ukurhoxisa films ezimbini. I "Ferris Wheel", wadala ngo-1926, wavuka indima qho yaye phantse imperceptible. Kulo nyaka, umdlali oselula yadlala umntu ebalulekileyo Gogol kaThixo "I idyasi." Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi bhanya, Kapler ndadana ekubuphatheni lo msebenzi. Wayefuna ukudala bhanya zabo, asiphinde abasemzini ezibhaliweyo iitekisi indima.

Ngowe-1927 wafudukela Odessa kwaye usebenza ngumlawuli odumileyo umncedisi Alexander Dovzhenko film "Arsenal". Noko ke, uhamba umgama omde ukuze abancedisi ukuvelela Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler abakwazanga. Ngowe-1930, wemka njengomlawuli kuqala umboniso yakhe, "Ilungelo umfazi", yaye kunyaka olandelayo wapapasha bayotywe yakhe yesibini ifilimu "lam lisuke 12-28." Kodwa Lyusyu Kaplera nokuphoxeka krakra kwivenkile: abasemagunyeni eSoviet kuyekwe ukubonisa zombini umsebenzi mlawuli wakhe. Kulo mzekelo, umboniso "Ilungelo umfazi" wavakaliswa kumgxobhozo ngenxa yokuba umlinganiswa wayo ophambili washiya umyeni wakhe, nto leyo angakwazi ukuya kufunda ziko.

Ukufika impumelelo

Emva kokuvalwa bhanya akazange anikezele Kapler Aleksey Yakovlevich. ngobomi bakhe ibonisa ukuba wayeyindoda benomfutho yaye abafane ndidakumbile ngokwenene. Ekubeni akuphumelelanga eyala, Kapler waqalisa ukufunda uvumo screenwriter. Xa eli candelo Alexey Yakovlevich ulindele impumelelo ibonwe. Ngokuba screenplays bakhe film "uLenin ngo-Oktobha" yaye "nguLenin ngo 1918" ngowe-1941, yena wawongwa yodumo Stalin Prize. Kamva Kapler ngomnye wababhali abaziwayo Soviet. Uye wasebenza kwi bhanyabhanya ezifana "Kotovsky", "kuba nomboniso oliqhayiya ivenkile sebe", "moya UV", "ixoxo Man", "I Blue Bird" njalo-njalo. D.

Ukuqala kwemfazwe, yokuhlangana Svetlanoy Alliluevoy

Kwiminyaka 30 zocindezelo kaStalin ngayo ubunzima inani elikhulu abameli nezazi yiSoviet, kodwa abazange angamchukumisi Kapler. Ufumene ibhaso urhulumente ophambili, waba ngomnye kwabambalwa ngubani na kubizwa darling wethamsanqa. Kodwa akuzange kube kudala. Ekuqaleni IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic Alexey Y. waya ngaphambili njengoko othile imfazwe. NgoNovemba 1942, wabuyela eMoscow wamenywa unyana Stalin xa Vasily epatini azinikele isikhumbuzo-Oktobha Revolution. Lo msitho ubuzinyaswe intombi eneminyaka eli-16 ubudala inkokeli zonke izizwe uSvetlana Alliluyeva. Screenwriter, owayesele eneminyaka engama-39 ubudala, waba ngumntu intombazana, waza wathi kuye imbuyekezo. Noko ke, ukuba ukuhlangana intombi mntu akwizikhundla eziphezulu a akuzange kube lula. Ukukhanya zange waphuma endlwini ekhatshwayo, yaye umbhali kwanyanzeleka ukuqhuba phantsi kweliso oonogada imiboniso, zabe iimyuziyam.

Kuba oselula Alliluevoy laseRoma Kapler yaba imvakalelo lokuqala kakhulu, ngokuba leyo wayekulungele ukuncama yonke enayo. Alexei Yakovlevich kokuba yokuhlangana uSvetlana ngasemva igosa elinye nomtshato ezimbini yoluntu. Kwiminyaka 1921-1930 ukuba utshatile ukuba ngumdlali weqonga Tatyane Tarnovskoy. Ukusuka lo mtshato wakhula unyana ka Anatoly. Emva komtshato, waphila ixesha kunye noontanga bakhe Tatiana Zlatogorovoy, emva koko yaba nolwalamano actress Galinoy Sergeevoy. Kodwa ke okungenani Kapler Wasolula nozuko hero-lover, ngenene wawa nca nentombi Stalin yakhe. Yena zingqondweni Uthande lo mfazi athobekile kwaye afundileyo, yaye akazange enze nantoni kunye neemvakalelo zabo.

ukumbamba

Alexei Kapler and uSvetlana Alliluyeva Ya abazange baphawule umahluko ubudala kwaye uzive wonwabile anengqondo. Utyelelo zabo kunqabile ndalilungisa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa Stalin, ndakuqonda malunga intombi unomntu omdala, waya waba nomsindo. On imiyalelo yakhe ngo-1943 Kapler wabanjwa kwaye etyholwa ngoontamnani i-United Kingdom. On ngezityholo zobuxoki, wagwetywa iminyaka emi-5 entolongweni wathumela ukuba isigwebo sakhe eVorkuta. USvetlana naye evela uyise ukuphosa enkulu, yaye kamva ngonyaka watshata umhlobo umzalwana wakhe Gregory Morozov. Ukutyhubela ebomini, uSvetlana waba amadoda 5 ezisemthethweni, kodwa nabani na kubo lingabi sakhunjulwa xa memoirs sakhe ngothando ezifana, umthandi wakhe wokuqala Kapler.

ubomi entolongweni, uthando Valentine Tokarski

In Vorkute Aleksey balungisa bonwabile. Umphathi ne uvelwano bhanya odumileyo yaye wamvumela ukuba aphume entolongweni sixeko. Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler ubesebenza ifoto lab zasekuhlaleni, yaye ngexesha lakhe spare wabhala lukhulu ecinga ebomini. EVorkuta, wayedibana umdlali odumileyo Soviet Valentina Tokarski, ngubani utsala isigwebo ngenxa yokuba ekuqaleni kwemfazwe yathinjwa amaJamani kunye, ukuze usinde, ivumile ukuba abambisane nabo. Ngoxa esekuthinjweni, umbhali yamcela ukuba ukutshata naye waza wafumana imvume impendulo. Tokarskaya aqabukile evekini entolongweni Alexei Yakovlevich wada watsala ngaphandle ndzhendzheleko, xa mzuzu lithemba kakhulu, wazama ukuzibulala.

Ngowe-1948 yaphela isigwebo Kapler. Yena bayacetyiswa ngamandla ukuba abuyele eMoscow bahlale kude Alliluyeva. Alexey Y. yaye akazange acinge ukuba ukukhangela iintlanganiso kunye nentombi Stalin, kodwa ndagqiba ekubeni ndiye elikomkhulu, ukuba uthatyathwe kuwo ukuya eKiev ukuba batyelele abazali bakhe. Kwathi kamsinya nje e Moscow, wabanjwa kwakhona kwaye elinye icala bakhiwe wathunyelwa kwinkampu kwilali yaseInta. Eli xesha Kapler akazange abe naziphi uthanda. Kunye namanye amabanjwa, wasebenza nzima ekucinezelekeni kwam. uthando kuphela lonke eVorkuta Valentine Tokarski wamnceda ukusinda amaxesha kunzima. Elihambisana umfazi wayemthanda yena, wayekholelwa ukuba kuya kuza imini xa baya kumanywa ngonaphakade.

Ukudibana ne Julia Druninoy

Ngowe-1953 wafa iosif Stalin, kunye Kapler, ngathi abantu abaninzi nyanya kuye, wakhululwa ngaphambi kwexesha. Once ezamahala and Tokarskaya. Ukufika e Moscow, abathandi wafaka isicelo zincwadi, yaye kungekudala waba ngumfazi esemthethweni. kwakhona Alexey Y. waqalisa ukubhala izikripthi, umfazi wakhe wacelwa ukuba star kwi movie. Kodwa ulonwabo kusapho lwabo Abazange beze. Ngowe-1954, i-Kapler oneminyaka eli-50 ubudala wamenywa ukuba zifundise zeeKhosi zoQeqesho ePhakamileyo ababhali script kwi-Union of Cinematographers. Omnye abafundi bakhe, yaba poetess oselula kodwa sele kakuhle-yaziwa Yulia Drunina. Bobabini ngexesha lothando abazange simahla yaye ixesha elide ukuzama ukujongana enzonzobila ngesiquphe neemvakalelo kubo. Kodwa waphumelela uthando, yaye ngowe-1960, umtshato neqabane lakhe, Alexei Kapler no Julia Drunina watshata.

Malunga umbhali novel kunye imbongi yathi yonke eMoscow. Lovers nakubani akazange azifihle iimvakalelo zakhe, zange ediniwe sa- ngothando bavela ndawonye yonke imicimbi karhulumente. Drunina indoda esingelwe imibongo ezininzi ezintle, yaye iminyaka wayehlala naye, wabhala isikripthi akhe.

Imisebenzi kwisakhelo

Ngowe-1966 waya kusebenza le presenter TV kwinkqubo "Cinema" Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler (ifoto kwisethi ngezantsi). Wema phakathi koogxa bakhe. Ebukekayo, eqaqambileyo akuyo, Kapler wayengazange ukufunda itekisi ephepheni, yaye akazange enze ubuso kakhulu phambi lwecamera. Ithe ke yakuba ilondele aqamba, besithi ukuba bacinga ntoni, yaye babesoyika ukumbuza iindwendwe imibuzo hayi ncam bekhululekile kule studio. Alexey Y. waba oyithandayo ekhokelela izigidi zabantu Soviet. "Cinema" lakhe abamfunanga abo banomdla kangako cinema. Inkokeli ekuzibonakaliseni lwenkqubo kwaba phambi 1972

ukufa

Alexei Kapler no Julia Drunina ndineminyaka engama-19. Ngelishwa, abazange babe abantwana kunye. Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe umbhali wabandezeleka ngumhlaza, ukusuka apho wafa September 11, 1979, phambi kokuba yabo yokuzalwa elandelayo ngaphantsi ngenyanga. Alexey Y. wangcwatywa kummandla Starokrymsky yamangcwaba, omi phezu kwentaba Kuzgun-ungumgqithi kwi eCrimea. Nantsi ke ingcwaba Yulii Druninoy, owafa ngowe-1991.