Abalinganiswa Arabic nentsingiselo yazo

Arab ulwazi lwezandi (Alifbo in Arabic) (oko kukuthi, kuphela oonobumba abhalwe) ukubhala ileta, ezisetyenziselwa ulwimi Arabic abanye kwabanye, yenye yezona zokubhala olunzima kakhulu ngalo mzuzu. script Arabic Modern - multi-esiyua nesenzeko. Noko ke, abalinganiswa Arabic athathe wasuswa kwindawo yonxibelelwano, apho kukho olunye ulwimi olusemthethweni.

Kakuhle eli Arabhu

iimpawu uphawu le Arabhu:

1. ulwalathiso Ekhohlo - ileta ngokwemveli uya ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo.
2. A lot of superscripts kunye subscripts amanqaku - zoonobumba, leyo wadalwa ukuqaphela oonobumba kakubi distinguishable kwaye ukudala amagama amatsha.
3. uhlobo akekeleyo zokubhala, ukunqongophala "amalungiselelo" kunye noonobumba abakhulu. Kunye kekeleyo (fusion) ukubhala Arabic awuhambisani: abanye abalinganiswa Arabic aba, kunye nabanye nokuba kwicala ekhohlo okanye ekunene kuphela kuphela.
4. Allographs - ukutshintsha yoonobumba. Kuxhomekeke olusemagxeni abo ngelizwi - ekugqibeleni, phakathi, ekuqaleni okanye ngokwahlukeneyo.

Modern Arabic alphabet iqulethe consonants ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo kunye neeleta semi-bezikhamiso, kwakunye namanqaku lwemvakalo-zwi njenge umbhalo okanye amachaphaza kombhalo, izangqa, oodwi okulungiswe kwinkqubo yokubhala emva baguqukele Islam okanye ukubona ezinye oonobumba kunye izandi, okanye ukubonisa izikhamiso ngombono ukudluliselwa ngaphezulu oluchanileyo itekisi ye-Koran engcwele.

Imbali ye-Arabhu.

Ngesayensi, kukholelwa ukuba kukho Arabic ngokubhala ngokusekelwe owenziwa alfabhethi (BC ngenkulungwane yesine -.. I AD ngenkulungwane yokuqala), kodwa musa ukuyigatya akhawunti kunye isithethe yamandulo ncwadi umAram, kwakunye ukumanyana zobugcisa zonke iincwadi ezingcwele "Avesta" ncwadi.

Ngenxa yoko, kwavela arabitsa phambi nesiqalo nokufika inkolo emhlabeni efana Islam. ESoviet Union kwesikripthi esekelwe Arabhu yavalwa ngo-1928 yi ngengqibo Central leKomiti Elawulayo kunye CPC, yaye ababhali arabitsy yala maxesha zinganakwa. An into umdla kukuba, loo ndawo ngaphandle Tatar SSR, ukutshintshwa iileta Arabhu (Alifbo) Latin (Yanalif) akazange abangele ukumelana kakhulu. Ngokutsho manani, malunga asixhenxe ekhulwini abemi behlabathi usebenzisa abalinganiswa Arabhu.

ulwimi Arabic: ukubaluleka kwayo jikelele

Arabic (Arabic uguqulelo اللغة العربية, funda ngokuba "al-luġa al-'arabiya") lulwimi le lwaya entsapho ulwimi Afro-Asia. Inani labantu abathetha ulwimi elinikiweyo nezendawo zawo malunga malunga kwamakhulu amathathu ezigidi (njengolwimi lokuqala), kwaye malunga nezigidi ezingama amahlanu abantu isebenzisa Arabic njengolwimi lwesibini kunxibelelwano. Classical Arabic - ulwimi Quran oyiNgcwele - rhoqo asetyenziswe imingcelele kunye nemithandazo zonqulo abalandeli Islam ehlabathini jikelele (inani lilonke Muslims billion ngeenxa isiqingatha a). Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ukuba kumi dialectal enkulu uphambili kwaye zahlukene.

Kanti ngolwimi Arabic

Modern Indies Arabic lwaso yahlulwe subgroups ezintlanu, eneneni, kukho iilwimi ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwindawo philological ngayo:

• lwesigodi Maghreb wobeko.
• iziyelelane iPeople-umYiputa.
• iziyelelane Iraq-eMesopotamiya.
• nezendawo Group Inkolo.
• ukufudumeza Central amaqela lwesigodi Asia.

lwesigodi Maghreb fanele kwiqela entshona, enye - kwiqela elingasempuma iziyelelane ngolwimi Arabhu. iziyelelane Arabic kusesidlangalaleni kumazwe ezingamashumi amabini anesibini Eastern, leyo wayinika le meko ezisemthethweni ezisetyenziswa arhente yolawulo kunye neenkundla.

Quran njengesisekelo arabitsy

In zeemposiso Arab Allah uSomandla wadala iincwadi waza wamnikela ukuba njengoAdam, Ngokuqhusheka evela zezulu. UMdali Arabic ngokubhala amaxesha kuqwalaselwa abakwazi ukufunda nokubhala uMprofeti Muhammad okanye umncedisi wakhe.

Ngokutsho kwizithethe kweelwimi Arabic, enyanisweni iintlobo Arabic unobumba Hira, umzi omkhulu Dahmidskogo karhulumente, kwaye uba kuphuhliswa ngakumbi phakathi kwenkulungwane yesixhenxe, xa ukurekhodwa ophambili Quran (651).

Qur'an (ukusuka Arabic bubonakala قرآن - funda) nayo yapapashwa phantsi kwesihloko Le ncwadi engcwele okanye igama onobabalo. Kuyinto akukho namnye elinamanci elinesine ezinxulumene phakathi kwentsingiselo izahluko (suras in Arabic). Sura, ke, iqanjwa ayahs (iivesi) yaye zicwangciswe kwehle inani vesi.

Ngowe-631 AD It yasekwa ngurhulumente wamajoni-zonqulo Arab Caliphate, kunye nokubhala Arabic uzuza obalulekileyo kwihlabathi, kwaye kwavele kumanyelwe eMiddle East. Elikomkhulu Arab zeelwimi waba Iraq (Basra kunye Kufa).

Ngenkulungwane yesixhenxe Basra umhlali Abul-Asuad al-sizise yaziswa oonobumba Arab oonobumba ukubhala izikhamiso elifutshane. E malunga xesha xesha Nasr ibn Asym kunye Yahya ibn Yamara wasungula inkqubo amanqaku lwemvakalo-zwi ukwahlula inani efana emoshakeleyo ileta.

Ngenkulungwane yesibhozo, ummi wesixeko Basra al-Khalil ibn Ahmad kwaphucuka ukubhala izikhamiso elifutshane. nalendlela lifikelele ukho yaye ubukhulu becala isetyenziswa lokubhalwa iitekisi Koran, livusa kunye neetekisi zemfundo.

abalinganiswa Arabic nentsingiselo yazo

La magama zilandelayo yimizekelo ezigqamileyo arabitsy:

• الحب - uthando;
• راحة - intuthuzelo yam;
• السعادة - injabulo;
• الازدهار - empilweni;
• فرح - uvuyo (mood HIV);
• الأسرة - usapho.

abalinganiswa Arab kunye wokuguqulela Russian kulula ukufumana kwi izichazi zobungcali zemfundo. Ngo-Arabic, kukho iqashiso umbhalo original (ukusuka ulwimi Arabic خط makes «Line"), oluphambili iyile:

• nash (نسخ «phezulu") i ukubhala Arabic Classic ezisetyenziswa nokushicilela;
• nasta'liq ngokukodwa nohlonipheke Iran, apho kukho Shiite Islam;
• Maghribi (amazwe afana Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia);
• Kufi (Arabic كوفي, phezu amagama idolophu geogr Kufa ..) - Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukubhala bayo bamandulo, iimpawu zakhe abathozamileyo buphuculwe.

Abalinganiswa Arabic ukudlulisela

Cinga eminye imizekelo yamagama Arabhu. abalinganiswa Arabic kunye nentsingiselo yazo Russian lusoloko lukhatshwa ukukhonza pronunciation.

Ezahlukahlukeneyo yokubhala Arabic

Kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi iimbono ezindala oonobumba yokubhala Arabhu kukhuthazelwa ukuba kukulayinisha emgceni, phezu zombini iindawo abhaliweyo ngongoma ngokungenamlinganiselo. Ekukholelwa ukuba Arabhu nempembelelo ukuvela iinkqubo zale mihla lokubhala yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kunye iikhowudi.

A iqashiso yokubhala ulwimi Arabic unokucacisa awohluke zayo ezithile kunye lwesigodi neyantlukwano. La manani achazwe le Maghreb ukubhala ezinye kwafunyaniswa ngosoonzululwazi Impembelelo neyabemi-Libyan kwi "nasta'liq" oxwesileyo - imbali ye Avesta script.

zicaca kakhulu lesishwankathelo isikweri Arabhu ufumana ubukhulu becala e Central Asia, apho kusenokwenzeka ukuba wayeqhelene wesandla Chinese shanfan isikwere-dachzhuan, kwakunye yokubhala inkqubo pakba Tibetan. inkqubo abaninzi yokubhala nempembelelo abalinganiswa Arabhu. Photo arabitsy ingafunyanwa kwi nqaku uncwadi.