Zokwambathisa intonga: iintlobo, inkcazelo, isikhundla

Ngogesi - enye yemisebenzi eyingozi kakhulu. Ukuze akhusele inkqubo- abasebenzi, le nkampani iimpahla zayo zokusebenza kunye nezihlangu nokhuseleko ngokuchasene arc yombane. Xa oku kusafuna ezikhutshiweyo izixhobo siqu (PPE) kunye nezixhobo namandla yobungcali. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa ukusebenza phantsi koxinzelelo kwaye ngokugabadelayo. Ukubonelela le izixhobo zokusebenza ezongezelelweyo iipropati umqobo nxamnye arc yombane. Ezi ziquka eqinisa, iileli, ipiyano. Enye yamacebo umdla, leyo kunganxulunyaniswa PPE kunye nezixhobo induku ubushushu.

Kuthetha ntoni ukwenza? Olu hlobo kwezixhobo ivumela ukusebenza iinkqubo zombane aphantsi ombane kodwa hayi ngaphezulu kwe 550 kV. Kuxhomekeka ukusebenza, ezi zixhobo ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezimbini eziphambili. Kukho intonga zokusebenza yokulinganisa. iimpawu zabo siza kujonga kamva kweli nqaku.

features design

Sisixhobo Njengokungeniswa kwesithungu, nabanako ukwahlulelana zibe amacandelo amathathu. Le emphinini, ubushushu, kwakunye njengengxenye ukusebenza. Loo isixhobo ukuba kwezombane ukuba basarha okanye owawusisibonakude. Ekhaya - ukunika isiqalelo ubushushu enamandla nokuhlangana link. Ukulungiselela le njongo namnye umntu onokusebenzisa zokubopha ezikhethekileyo metal, kodwa ubude sabo setotali kufuneka ingadluli iipesenti ezintlanu ubude yenxenye zokwambathisa ezikhoyo.

Indlela yokuqhuba ishishini nencam eyenziwe ngenkcenkce okanye izinto Heating kwaye, ngokuxhomekeke injongo, unokuba ifomu eyahlukileyo kunye nokusebenza.

Inxalenye zokwambathisa yenziwe lwempahla musa ukuqhuba umbane. Umzekelo, kunokuba yerabha nzima, Bakelite, iinkuni kunye nabanye. Ngokutsho iteknoloji ubilise ngocoselelo kubo iflakisi okanye hemp oyile, womile. Emva koko, izinto phezulu isale i ivanishi ubushushu ukukhusela kuyo nxamnye kwii-ukufuma ngaphakathi.

Umqheba lwenziwa kakhulu ukusuka into efanayo njengoko inxalenye zokwambathisa ezikhoyo. Phakathi kwezi nxalenye kufuneka amalungiselelo ring stop engakuvumeliyo ukuqhagamshelana izandla kunye nesabelo ubushushu. I limiter kufuneka kukhonza milimitha ubuncinane ezilishumi yaye kubude angekho ngaphantsi kwesithathu eemilimitha.

Ubude lilonke bar karhulumente Inani esemgangathweni 20494-2001 ( "izinti zokwambathisa ezikhoyo kunye nezinto zokusebenza earthing eziphathwayo - Ukucacisa") kuxhomekeke ombane lofakelo lombane, owenza umsebenzi.

Kwiinkqubo kunye yombane ezingaphezulu kwama-350 kV kusetyenziswa izixhobo ukusebenza ngogesi ezimbini baqhuba isixhobo.

The main iparameters

Ubunzima izixhobo umntu elinye ngaphezulu eekhilogram ezisibhozo. Amandla kwelinye icala enye intonga yokulinganisa kufuneka ingadluli 80H, ezinye iintlobo ku 160N. Ubude yenxenye zokwambathisa ezikhoyo kunye nomqheba we ixhomekeke ubukhulu bezinto ombane, ngokutsho GOST 20494-2001.

izinto scope

Ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi phantsi kwempixano esebenzisa bar enokwenziwa kwiinkqubo zombane ivaliwe, okanye esitratweni, kodwa imozulu eyomileyo. Akukho mzekelo Awukwazi ukusebenzisa le mveliso in lemvula, imozulu ngekhephu okanye ngexesha enkungwini, yimikhwitsho. Phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezinjalo, kukho ingozi ephezulu ugesi, leyo kwezinye iimeko kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo ebulalayo.

Ngesi sixhobo ukwenza imisebenzi kunye disconnectors, kutshintshwe fuse sentlalo izinto dischargers isheke yodwa kwimigca amandla sezitishana, ukuvelisa earthing sommandla eziphathwayo lisetyenziswa njengendlela yokukhululwa ukusuka owenzakeleyo umntu umbane, ukuvelisa yokulinganisa nokusebenza.

Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngakumbi ngokweenkcukacha kunye ithuba lokuguquka kweentlobo nganye.

izibonda tie

Kukho iintlobo ezine functionality core zezi:

• Dread (ubushushu Operational). Isetyenziswa inani elikhulu imisebenzi yintloko replaceable. Zifakwe kwi inkqubo yombane yombane ukuya ku 220 kV AC okanye DC.
• SCO (ukhulule). Ingasetyenziswa ukubahlangula abantu abasuka kwimimandla kukothuka kunye yombane ukuya ku-110 kV. imisebenzi Extra olwenziwe yi ngokukhululwa kwandisa amathuba ukuvuselela ixhoba.
• YIBA (Universal intonga ubushushu). Asetyenziswa Ufakelo lombane Dread efanayo. Elona nani liphezulu yokusebenza inxalenye replaceable kwandisa ukusebenza.
• SHZP (ukusibeka emhlabeni). Kwakhona asetyenziswa ufakelo zombane kunye ombane ukuya ku 220 kV AC okanye DC. Le ndlela ivumela kukhubazeko kwiziqephu kunye ombane eyintsalela okanye ufakelo luqhawulwe buso. Ngokusebenza kunye SHZP kunciphisa kakhulu inani izothuso zombane.

isikhawulezisi Intonga ikuvumela ukuba enze umsebenzi eziyimfuneko phantsi koxinzelelo. Oku kuthintela umngcipheko yabanjwa ugesi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuba bagcine nemithetho yokusebenza, uhlolo kunye nokuvavanywa kwezixhobo zokuzikhusela zobuqu.

"Amakhalane"

A indawo eyahlukileyo kukunika iplayasi igqunyiwe. Isiqalelo ivumela ukutshintshwa iifyuzi kufakelo zombane ku-1 kV nangaphezulu. Kananjalo zisetyenziselwa ukususwa yeentloko, iingcingo kufakelo ukuya ku-350 kV. Ukuvunyelwa ukuba ufakele olu hlobo kwezixhobo zokusebenza ngentonga jikelele, kunye nentloko yokusebenza eyahlukeneyo.

Ubukhulu kunye nobunzima esi sixhobo kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba umsebenzi entofontofo umntu omnye. Inxalenye zokwambathisa ezikhoyo kunye nomqheba we kufuneka zakhiwe zinezinto Heating kunye antistatic.

Ntwala babe yenziwe ngezixhobo zombane zokwambathisa okanye umgubo wentsimbi. Kwi uboya steel kumele ukuba zinxitywe ityhubhu oyile-amelana emsebenzini musa umonakalo kumphezulu nemoto.

Kubude iplayasi igqunyiwe nayo kuxhomekeke ombane:

• Xa lombane 1-10 kV icandelo ubushushu ubude - 450 mm, isiphatho - 150 mm.
• Xa lombane 10-35 kV ubude kwenxalenye ubushushu - 750 mm, isiphatho - 200 mm.

Ukulinganisa

Ukusebenzisa eli gunya yobungcali, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukumisela nokuxhuma, i drop ombane kule kwizikhululo zombane ibekwe kwimo yesiqhelo esisetyenziswa ngayo. Kukho iindlela ezimbini: usebenzisa abafowunelwa okanye yemilinganiselo lobushushu ngqo ngokulinganisa ngenxa yokwanda ombane.

Intloko yokulinganisa umsantsa yintlantsi, ijelo elabhoratri. Oku ungabeka ixabiso ubuncinane eyamkelekileyo. Intloko okusebenza uqhagamshelwano eyayingqalene isahlulo iske, esebenzisa izikhombisi, ibonisa ubukho okanye ukungabikho ombane. Kubalulekile ukuba ngexesha yokunqanda ufakelo lombane kwimo yesiqhelo esisetyenziswa ngayo.

Kukho iindidi ezintathu eziphambili:

• IDCs. Esi sixhobo inika ukukwazi ukutshintsha umgama phakathi electrode, nto leyo evumela ukuba afumane imilinganiselo data echanekileyo.
• Shi. Xa izixhobo ezinjalo isalathisi efakiweyo microammeter kunye nokumelana eyongezelelweyo megohms 160. Kuxhomekeka kwindlela womlinganiselo, utshintsho kwindawo yokusebenza ixhokonxa ikhithi iingcingo ukuba udityanisiwe kwi ezinjengeetheminali. Ixhokonxa isicelo ukuya yokwambathisa ilawulwa, kukho unxulumano ngaxeshanye. Microammeter utolo kubonisa isiphumo yomlinganiselo.

Shi izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa indlela yesibini. ixhokonxa Onyuswe sokulinganisa iqondo lobushushu abafowunelwa.

• ga Electrical. It is a sombane ngoku besifunda yahlula ngemagnethi. Kuba umqhubi ephambili jiko isetyenziswe kunye ngoku elilinganisiweyo, kunye zamabanga ivaliwe kunye isixhobo yokulinganisa okanye dial okanye idijithali.

iimeko zokusebenza

Ibar ubushushu ukusetyenziswa imeko kunye ulawulo lobushushu evela thabatha 45 ° C no dibanisa 40 ° C kwindawo ukufuma isalamane-98% kwi-25 ° C.

Musa ukusebenzisa izixhobo:

• Musa ukuba izatifikethi efanelekileyo, yaye abazange lakudlula uvavanyo, ngokulandelelana, oko musa ukuhlangabezana imigangatho yokhuseleko.
• Eziphosakeleyo. izixhobo ezinjalo kufuneka ilungiswe. Ke ihlolwe. Kuphela lwazi ezithathwe isigqibo malunga ukusetyenziswa okanye ukulahlwa kwisixhobo.
• Ubumanzi. Xa imozulu imanzi.
• Ukusetyenziswa isekela (leri) ukwenzela imisebenzi yokulinganisa.

Ukusebenza abasebenzi zombane inkqubo kuvunyelwa kunye nokumelana ezifanelekileyo. Umsebenzi ngamnye kufuneka mayixhotyiswe isethi epheleleyo izixhobo zakho, kuquka iiglavu ubushushu, iibhutsi zokwambathisa, iimpahla kunye nokhuseleko ngokuchasene arc sombane, izibuko kunye baphefumla. Konke oku kuya kunceda kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukukhusela usebenzayo izothuso zombane.

Ngaphambi kokuba usebenze intonga zokwambathisa ezikhoyo kufuneka kubeka phantsi uhlolo olubonakalayo. Kwimeko apho kukho Ubhaqo fault kufuneka kufakwe omnye umzekelo.

Xa usebenza iimvavanyo mechanical bathwalwa phandle. Lungenziwa isixhobo ebimiselwe nezingacwangciselwanga drop yobuchopho iziphene. isixhobo pre ufakwa ukulungisa.

uvavanyo

Ekubeni umsebenzi wofakelo lombane bobabo kudidi isixhobo esiyingozi kwezombane phantsi ukuhlolwa ngamandla nolawulo. Ngaphezu koko, kuxhomekeke izixhobo kwi-mveliso bavavanya. Ngokutsho GOST 20494-2001, ukuba ingaba:

• Ukuvuma. Kwenzelwa wemveliso nganye.
• Ngamaxesha athile. Kufuneka ube phantsi intonga ngasinye.
• Gumbini. Emane kuqhuba iimvavanyo kwiisampuli ezintathu zohlobo olufanayo. Kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuphumeza kuzo zonke iintlobo iimvavanyo.

Zonke iziganeko test uvelisa mveliso ngoncedo labantu abaqeqeshiweyo ngokukodwa abo abe kwinqanaba elithile ukunyamezelana, nabaqeqeshiweyo kwaye aqinisekiswe. Ezi imisebenzi kufuneka yenziwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, oko kuchaphazela ubomi kunye nokhuseleko ugesi zempilo.

Uluhlu Iimvavanyo:

• uhlolo olubonakalayo. Ukukhangela le Package, enyama kunye nokupakishwa. Ikhangela amaxwebhu afunekayo kunye nezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo Security.
• Jonga imizobo mveliso. Iveliswe ngoncedo izixhobo zokulinganisela kufuneka ibe kwenzeka ngokupheleleyo yemida.
• Ukungqinisiswa amandla Heating. Ivelise lombane yorhwebo frequency AC isicelo esisodwa ngokuthi ngaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu. Xa oku ombane ukunyuka ukuya kumaxabiso 1/3 kunokuba ngokwesigqibo esicalanye. Ukwanda olunye kufuneka ibe mpuluswa. Working ihlolwe kwaye ubushushu isiqu. Ukuba akukho Uzakubanethuba lokuyivavanya icandelo womlinganiselo ngokupheleleyo, ngoko le nxalenye amacandelo itshekhi ngentonga. Ukuba breakdowns, ukufudumeza yeengingqi ilahleko Heating, amanzi komhlaba ziyazibhaqekela, kucingwa ukuba imveliso ngempumelelo uvavanyo.
• uvavanyo eqine. Enye incam yentonga Iqinisekile, enye nge umthwalo okanye into ngentambo ufakwa bomthwalo. Uvavanyo bagqiba ngempumelelo akukho monakalo ebonakalayo.
• Ukugoba uvavanyo. Le mveliso tye fixed kwiindawo ezimbini ekupheleni ring sezigidimi izibambo. Intonga isampuli uluphumelele uvavanyo ukuba akukho monakalo ebonakalayo.
• Ukukhangela le umzamo omkhulu kwi isandla. intonga oxwesileyo fixed ezikhuselwe nge amachaphaza amabini - ngaphambili (50 mm ukusuka iringi onogada), kunye nangasemva (50 mm ukusuka ekupheleni ajongane) lixhasa. Iimitha kwi inkxaso ngaphambili kunye nani kufuneka ingadluli 160N. Zokwambathisa intonga ukuya 1000V uvavanyo le mbono ayengaseleki.

Ukuba isiphumo lelikhabayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba aqhube inkqubo yesibini kunye nenani elikhulu leesampulu. Ukuba idatha kuphindwa, bambamba lonke uhlobo iimveliso, kwaye lithintela nokukhululwa omtsha umbutho ukuze niqinisekise nize aphelise oonobangela lwezalathisi ezimbi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, uvavanyo nesitampu eso mayihlatywe ngombala obomvu.

Zonke iimvavanyo zaye zenziwa ngokwemigaqo nemimiselo yangoku. Iimvavanyo zokusebenza izixhobo eziveliswe qho emva kweminyaka emibini, kuba umlinganiselo - kanye ngonyaka.

Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo

Ukuba umqeshwa zinikwe isixhobo efanelekileyo PPE kufanelekile, kufuneka balujongisise imigangatho efanelekileyo kazwelonke kunye nezithethe. Oku kuya kunceda ukuba ukhethe iphakheji elifanelekileyo uhlobo ngalunye lomsebenzi.

Ezifakwe ixabiso intonga zokwambathisa iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo odla xa ukhetha icebo. Kwi-avareji ukuba engange-500. Kodwa musa siwakhuphele izixhobo cheap. Kufuneka siqwalasele ngenyameko warranty mveliso - umenzi kunye amaxwebhu anikwe kubo. Zonke iimveliso mabapase uvavanyo pre-ukuthengiswa kuba nesitampu efanelekileyo.

ngenxa

Xa ndiqukumbela, ndithanda ukuba uqaphele ukuba ihlabathi yanamhlanje ayikwazi ukucinga ngokwabo ngaphandle kombane. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle iintonga zokulinganisela ukuba akusebenzi. Kunzima ukucinga oko kwakuza kwenzeka ukuba ihlabathi zicinywe ubonelelo ngombane. Mhlawumbi kuya kuza isiphithiphithi uphaphazele. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ngentlonipho enkulu nentlonipho kubantu ukukhonza ufakelo, kwaye abasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba babanike zonke izixhobo zobuqu kuyimfuneko.

Ngoko ke, siye safumanisa ukuba esi sixhobo yobugcisa elingqongqo zokwambathisa ezikhoyo.