Ziziphi iinkqubo zokusebenza?

Ukusebenza kwanoma iyiphi i-computing devices akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kweenkqubo zolawulo. Ziyinkqubo yokusebenza. Yintoni ikhompyutha? Le yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, equkethe inani elikhulu leeyunithi ezikhethekileyo-iindidi, ezibizwa ngokuba zixhobo zokusebenza. Umzekelo, i-unit power supply iyaguqula i-AC voltage ye-220 volts kwisiqendu sezinto ezisisigxina ezifunekayo ekusebenzeni; Ikhadi levidiyo liyakwenza imifanekiso kwaye ibonakalise kwiskrini seso; Umprojekti oyintloko usebenzisana nezibalo, njl. Ngamanye amazwi, inkqubo yekhomputha yiseti yezinto eziphathekayo ezihlanganiswe kwisixhobo esisodwa. Ukulungelelanisa umsebenzi weendawo zonke, ufuna iindlela zokusebenza. Iphuzu elibalulekileyo: nayiphi na enye inokufakwa kwikhompyutheni (ngokubhekisele ubuncinci bezinye kunye nezinye iimfuno).

Ukwenza lula ukuqonda kwegama elithi "iinkqubo zokusebenza", ungasebenzisa ukufana nomntu: i-hardware yekhompyutheni ngumzimba; Iiprogram zokulawula yinkqubo yeentlanzi kunye nengqondo kunye nesethi yeengcamango; Yaye inkqubo yesicelo imelwe ngcamango, injongo, ingcamango. Ulawulo lolawulo luyakha: ukucinga-iingcamango-umzimba (isenzo). Ewe, le ngcaciso ichanekile kuphela ngokukhusela, kodwa ikuvumela ukuba "kwiminwe yakho" ukuchaza ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo zokusebenza. Enyanisweni, zimela uhlobo lwesiphakamiso phakathi kwenkqubo, izixhobo kunye nomsebenzisi.

Akukho sicelo esinokuqhuba ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokusebenza. Ngaphandle kokusa kwekhompyutha, xa ku-Windows, Linux, Mac OS, umsebenzi wawunokubonga ngenxa ye-DOS. Ngendlela, esi sibhalo sichaza inkqubo yokusebenza yidiski.

Ngendlela yomsebenzi zonke izisombululo ezinokuthi zihlulwe zibe ngamaqela amathathu: ixesha langempela, ngokuhlukana, imisebenzi yempahla. Eyokuqala, umsebenzisi (okanye iimpawu zangaphandle) angaphazamisa inkqubo yokubala. Ngako oko, isiphumo sitshintshiwe. Ukwabelana ngexesha kubandakanya imisebenzi emininzi, kodwa ngokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwiprosesa phakathi kwabo, okudala ukungahambi kokuqhubeka. Ukungenelela kunokwenzeka. Kodwa ukucoca i-batch kubandakanya ukudala uluhlu lwemisebenzi nokuyithumela ekusebenziseni. Ukulungiswa kwedatha kunokuphela kuphela phakathi kwamapakethi.

Naliphi na inkqubo yokusebenza inikezela ezintathu iintlobo zokusebenzisana: umsebenzisi kunye nezicelo, iinkqubo kunye nezixhobo ze-hardware, idatha ihamba phakathi kwabo. Ukulungelelanisa umsebenzisi, i-graphical interface yenziwe - isethi yeeptogramgram eziqondakalayo, ezisebenzayo apho umntu ebeka khona imiyalelo kwinkqubo (ngokuzenzekelayo) "imbonakalo". Zonke izisombululo zanamhlanje zibonakalisa. Ezi ziquka intsapho yeWindows, iLuxux kunye ne-Apple yokusebenza. Ukusebenza ngomgca womyalelo ngoku udla ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo njengongezwayo. Ikhefu lizixhobo ezikhethekileyo.

Ekubeni abaninzi abasebenzisi abangekho nonke abanomdla ngokuchanekileyo indlela inkqubo yokusebenza efakwe ngayo kwimisebenzi yekhompyutheni, ukhetho luyenziwe, okokuqala, ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisana kunye nomsebenzisi. Ihluke ngokubonakalayo kuphela, kodwa nangolwimi. Ngaloo ndlela, inkqubo yokusebenza yaseRussia ithandwa kakhulu kumazwe asakuba nguManyano.