Zakudala - it ... yomsebenzi Archeologist. Archeologists

Chaza kudala yaqala ngo-Greece yamandulo. Umzekelo, uPlato ndaqonda ngazo esi sifundo elide kudala kunye Renaissance kwakuthetha ukufunda imbali Greece neRoma. Zesayensi amazwe, eli gama ezinxulumene ne kwamathambo. Le zakudala Russian - a isayensi ufunda izinto ezimbiwa zinxulunyaniswa nemisebenzi yabantu kumaxesha amandulo. It Uphanda zamaqula ngalo mzuzu ancedisane kwiinkalo ezininzi ngenzululwazi kwaye amacandelo ezininzi ezithetha zaphawula ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo nenkcubeko.

Umsebenzi zakudala - umsebenzi ezininzi nezinomdla

Abantu bafunde inkcubeko kunye nobomi impucuko yamandulo, abuyisele elidlulileyo zikude isidumbu, ezo khawugqobhoze ngenyameko le-emhlabeni. Lo msebenzi ufuna ngononophelo olukhulu siyambonga. Ekubeni ngokuhamba kwexesha izidumbu elidlulileyo sibe buthathaka kakhulu kwaye esidala.

Umembi - umntu wenza Ukumba bekhangela imithombo zophando entsha. Ngokufuthi, lo msebenzi luthelekiswa kumsebenzi zokucupha. Umsebenzi izenze wokudala, befuna ingqalelo, ukuyila kunye nekhono lokuhlaziya - lokuphinda umfanekiso ye ihlabathi lamandulo ngaphambili.

UYobhi iye yenziwa naxa Greece yamandulo neRoma. Sele ngaloo maxesha ayesaziwa Stone, Ibronzi kunye Ages Iron, olwenziwe ngabembi eziliqela zingafanelekanga yamandulo ngakumbi zesikhumbuzo bokwakha. Xa Renaissance, injongo engundoqo abembi kwaba - ukukhangela imifanekiso zakudala. Njengoko isayensi eyahlukileyo, oko kwasekwa kwinkulungwane yama-20.

Ziziphi iimpawu okufanele zakudala

Ufuna ulwazi izibakala abaninzi eziyintlanganisela izazinzulu endle ekhethiweyo imisebenzi yabo. Oku kunokuba Neolithic okanye paleolith, ubhedu, intsimbi ekuqaleni ixesha amaSkitiya. kudala inokuba Slavic-Russian zakudala, njl Ke uluhlu olupheleleyo, kwaye kube kwandiswa. Umembi - umsebenzi umdla, kodwa ufuna erudition kunye izazinzulu ukukwazi ukuthelekisa imithombo eyahlukeneyo.

Loo mntu kufuneka uluvo kwaye bakwazi ukuzikhusela, phikisana zisekelwe logic kunokuba imvakalelo. Kunokuba nzima, kodwa kufuneka ukunikezela yeengcinga zabo, ukuba kukho izibakala bamlahla kubo. umsebenzi abembi ufuna iimpawu ezibalulekileyo - oko nomonde, ukukhuthala, ixesha. Kuba iyimfuneko kakhulu ngexesha yokwemba.

Sidinga amandla elungileyo kunye qethe ngokwasemzimbeni, njengoko umsebenzi zakudala amaninzi unxulunyaniswa kwimingxuma ezenzeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu. Plus kungeko aleji organic izinto. Umembi - umntu ekufuneka ukulungelelana, uzolile, bakwazi ukusebenza kwiqela.

ulwazi olufunekayo

Iingcali kufuneka bakwazi ukuzoba, ukupeyinta, ifoto. Bazazi iziseko hayi kuphela yokubuyiselwa, kodwa ke ulondolozo ngesinyithi, ilitye, udongwe kunye nezinto eziphilayo (yesikhumba, ithambo, iinkuni, ilaphu, njalo njalo). Qiniseka ukuba udinga ulwazi olubanzi yokufundwa, Ezolimi, ezizwe, geodesy, isimo, yokuma kunye paleozoology. Abo abembi abahlola imbali yamandulo, kufuneka babe nolwazi kunye nembali kunye zalo abangabancedani (yobhalo, numismatics, palaeography, sphragistics, heraldry kunye ngaphezulu).

abasebenzi Abembi bezinto zakudala-mhlaba kufuneka abe zezoqoqosho, abahleli elungileyo, ootitshala kunye kwengqondo. Kodwa okona kubalulekileyo - kufuneka bakwazi 'ukubona ilizwe, "funda maleko zayo interlayer uze uthelekise ngokuchanekileyo iziphumo yamhlamnene.

izifo emsebenzini

abembi Abantu abanesifo yabo, bafumana kule zobuntlola. Kaninzi iba gastritis okanye esiswini isilonda, leyo ixhomekeke ngqo kumgangatho ukutya, njengenxalenye iimeko eziqhelekileyo ekuphekeni apho. rheumatism kunye sciatica nazo eqhelekileyo, njengoko kuqhele ukuba abembi kufuneka kuhlala ezintenteni phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezahlukileyo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho arthrosis ezahlukeneyo kunye samathambo.

Yintoni umsebenzi yiakhiyolojisti?

Yintoni na le abembi? bemba Hayi nje jikelele, kodwa amaqhekeza mozaicheskimi ngasinye kufuneka ukhethe i ekunene kwaye ulisonge ngenyameko kwenye. Kudla ukuba impendulo imfihlelo elidlulileyo kuthatha iminyaka emininzi. Kodwa umphumo wokugqibela ubaluleke ngayo. Ekubeni kunokwenzeka oko lokuphinda okudlulileyo kubonakala ngathi ngonaphakade efihliweyo izibilini planethi.

Yintoni na le abembi? Befunda imithombo, ukuhlalutya waza kamva zincediswe izibakala ezahlukeneyo kwaziwa. Studies ziquka kungekuphela yokwemba kodwa yinxalenye kwedesika apho umsebenzi lwenzeka ngqo ezenziwe kunye namaxwebhu. Izazinzulu ukusebenza nje kuphela mhlaba kodwa kwamanzi.

Abembi bezinto zakudala edume

Genrih Shliman - sisazinzulu waseJamani eyafumana uTroy. Le yenye oovulindlela zakudala zokuqala abaqala ukufunda kudala. Wazalwa 06.01.1822 ngonyaka. On lokuma - Capricorn. Izintso kumbiwa ngo-Aram, Egypt, Palestine, Greece ne Turkey. Phantse isiqingatha yobomi bakhe, uHenry wayezama ukubonisa ukubaluleka ngembali epics Homeric. Wazama ukungqina ukuba zonke iziganeko ezichazwe kule mihobe - hayi njengephupha kodwa yinyani.

semvelaphi Norwegian Aqui Heyerdahl wazalwa ngo-1914, ngomhla we-6 Oktobha. Uye ebhalwe iincwadi ezininzi. uhambo lwakhe babesoloko eqaqambileyo, ezele iziganeko yamaqhawe. Uninzi imisebenzi yakhe yabangela impikiswano phakathi izazinzulu, kodwa wabulela Tura umdla kwimbali yamandulo abantu behlabathi inyuswe kakhulu.

Kukho abembi ezaziwayo-kakuhle naseRashiya. Oku kuquka Boris Piotrovsky, yena wazalwa ngo-1908. uphawu Zodiac - Aquarius. It is a ezaziwayo-kakuhle Russian Umbhali-orientalist kunye academician. Wafunda ezikhumbuzo ezininzi North Caucasus, Transcaucasia kunye Central Asia. Sele 1949 wamiselwa uSekela Mlawuli for Science of the Hermitage.

kwesayensi ezibalaseleyo

Izazinzulu, abembi esiwahlanguleyo 10 ezafunyanwa libalulekileyo zehlabathi, apho kwafunyanwa ngexesha kwimingxuma:

• Rosetta Stone, wafumanisa kufuphi kwilali uRashid. It imele granodiorite (iliwa) kunye nombhalo uPtolemy V (ukumkani waseYiputa). Lo mbhalo senziwe yakhona baseYiputa, isiGrike Demotic.
• Venera Milosskaya - kwakumi adumileyo Greece yamandulo. ixesha emva kwexesha zamaGrike. yamahlwempu Greek Sawufumana 1820 kwi kwisiqithi Milos. Kodwa ezandleni mfanekiso okubona ayiphumelelanga.
• Angkor Wat (isixeko tempile) - i lesikhumbuzo obalaseleyo obuBhuda Cambodia. Oku yinxalenye entsokothileyo yeetempile. Kuye kwavulwa yi umhambi French Anri Muo ngo-1861. Igama laloo mzi kamva ngokuba lonke ixesha.
• Troy, Ilion - sixeko sidala kweli lizwe kufutshane iDardanelles. UTroy waduma kakhulu ukuba umbongo. On bemba lwabonisa maleko yenkcubeko 46, ezahlulwe izihlandlo eziliqela kamva.
• Mycenae - kwidolophu endala emazantsi Greece, Argolida. Kucingwa embindini likhulu inkcubeko Aegean. Ngexesha kwimingxuma bafumana amangcwaba amaninzi, ezibe ubuncwane - amakrele, nemisesane, igolide nesilivere izinto, iimaski, neepleyiti idiski xa uqamba.
• Minoan impucuko ivunjululwe Arturom Evansom - zakudala IsiNgesi. Ngomhla kumbiwa ebhotwe nezakhiwo umzi, amangcwaba zifunyenwe. Enye ezafunyanwa ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle - idiskhi limxulube imibhalo an umphengululi ngolwimi olungaziwayo.
• Machu Picchu - Inca inqaba kwisixeko sengcwele. Ndafumana umphengululi yakhe American Hayram Bingem. La mabhodlo elihle - omnye weyona mizekelo best posleinkskogo yokwakha ngamatye. Monument waqhubeka 200 kwizakhiwo ezahlukeneyo nezakhiwo, iitempile kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala, izakhiwo ukuzithethelela.
• ingcwaba Tutankhamun kaThixo e Luxor yafunyanwa ngama zakudala waseBritani Howard kubonelelwe. Engcwabeni kukodwa bubuncwane enkulu, Mama wangcwatyelwa iibhokisi ezintathu, ezibe ifakwe ngaphakathi omnye komnye.
• Birch amaxolo - phina kwaye elikroliweyo kwi ezinde amaxolo. Ixesha lokuqala kwafunyanwa Novgorod. Kwaye kakade ngo-2012 kwakukho ngaphezu kwewaka.
• Siberian Ice Maiden - Mama ubudala ezifumaneka amangcwaba amaSkitiya. kwi zeAltai, ngomhla nomda Mongolia. iminyaka yayo - kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-2500.

ezifunyanisiweyo Akuchazwa

Zeziphi abembi ukusuka zesiqhelo? Kukho eziliqela zakudala ogrunjiweyo ezicacisa ngokwengqiqo akunakwenzeka. Banomona amanani zoluntu Acambaro lwezenzululwazi. Kuqala ndafumana e Mexico German Waldemar Julsrud. Amanani Kubonakala ukuba imvelaphi yamandulo, kodwa yabangela eninzi kugxeka phakathi izazinzulu.

Stones Taka - ntlokoma impucuko yamandulo. Amakhulu disks ilitye afumaneka kumgangatho emqolombeni, apho kwakubhalwe imbali kwisiphekepheke. Baye run ukusekwa, amathambo abo afunyanwa emqolombeni.

ezafunyanwa ezimbi

Zakudala, kukho ezinye ezifunyanwa pretty eyoyikekayo. Umzekelo, bememeza mama. Enye yezi zinto ebotshiwe iinyawo nezandla, kodwa wema ekhala ebusweni. Kukho amacebiso angcwatywa ephila, batyakatywa, anetyhefu. Kodwa ke uphando lubonise ukuba umhlathi kakubi ngalondoda wayibopha okanye akazange akwenze oku konke, ngoko emlonyeni Ma leyo ivulekileyo.

Archeologists baye bafumana inzipho enkulu kanye izilo ezingaziwayo. Yaye wafumana ukhakhayi kunye ngomlomo enkulu ukuqinisekisa kuphela izazinzulu enqwenelekayo ngokwaneleyo, ukuba ube unjengengwenya waqubisana nomntu indlela yakhe. Kodwa kamva afika ukuba izinyanya yamandulo Moa intaka. ukukhula kwabo ladlula ngumba ongumntu 2-3. Kuthiwa ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba le ntaka iye yasinda ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuzama ukufumana iindawo eNew Zealand. Le bomthonyama beli lizwe oluninzi amavo ezinxulumene Moa.

izixhobo izenze

Ngelo yokwemba isetyenziswa ikakhulu olu hlobo lwesixhobo: onencula, nemihlakulwana, nefolokhwe ekubetheleleni, ubukhulu ezahlukeneyo iqhubeka kunye amagaba, igadi nemihlakulwana, eyenziwe, izando isileyi, izando iibrashi ezinobukhulu obahlukileyo. umsebenzi umembi kunokuba nzima kakhulu, ingakumbi xa kufuneka ukwemba udonga lokungqinga ezinkulu.

Ingongoma ebalulekileyo ukusebenza oluchanekileyo kwi into. Kwaye ukukwazi ukukhetha isixhobo efunekayo nayo kuyimfuneko. Head ku yokwemba hayi iliso kuphela impilo zakudala, kodwa ukwanceda ukusebenzisa ngebrashi ekunene kwaye nefolokhwe.

Indlela ukuba yiakhiyolojisti

Funda indlela ungakwazi elizeleyo ixesha ngembalelwano. Zakudala - a umsebenzi zingathengwa yi nabani na ugobe ngenxa yamandulo zamaqula. Ukuze wenze oku, yiya ikholeji, esiqeqesha mbali. It iziqu kule uqeqesho ke azibandakanye yokwemba, kwaye eminye imiyalelo. Umembi - le mbali. Nakuba kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo yokugqibela, ujongene kuphela xa isifundo ithiyori, kodwa kunye ukhangelo yakhe kunye nokuphonononga kudala.

Ulwa zakudala

umvuzo Russian kwi-avareji nama-15 amawaka. engange. Kodwa omnye kuphela Archeologist uhambo Akanakwamkela ukuya ku-30 amawaka. Engange. Nomvuzo kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo ungahluka. Umzekelo, eMoscow, oko isusela ukusuka engange-20 ukuya kwi-30 amawaka. Kule mimandla, kuqikelelwa kwi 5-7 amawaka ngaphantsi.