Yombhobho gas "South Stream". Iprojekthi wegesi abekwa

iya yokuqala ngoDisemba 2014 kukhunjulwa ixesha elide emhlabeni. Loo mhla dubulo omnye naweebhombu iinkcukacha ezinamandla. Wena andikhumbuli kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Kwenziwa isaziso ngokusesikweni ukuba lo msebenzi "wegesi South Stream 'ivaliwe. Point. Lo ke, abaninzi abazange alindele. Ngapha koko, wathembisa abahlali kunye namashishini of kumzantsi Yurophu iinzuzo ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, isigqibo senziwa. Masiqonde, kunokuba kwakunjalo iprojekthi elungileyo yaye kutheni oko kwakwenziwe ngaphambili.

"Ngaba Usakhumbula ukuba kwaqala njani konke?"

umgca Good evela ingoma, kodwa ngakumbi na imbali yethu idibana. Belingelilo ixesha lokuqala. Xa ndandicinga yombhobho ixesha "South Stream 'iiprojekthi ezifanayo sele ziphunyezwe ngempumelelo. Nakumaxesha Soviet ngayo solulelwe umbhobho waya amafutha eluhlaza eYurophu. Bonke kuya kuba kuhle, kodwa lizwe luwile, yombhobho phezu ummandla ithi ezahlukeneyo geqe. Ngelishwa Ukraine, wacanda nommandla wayo. Yintoni ephosakeleyo xa, ubabuza? Musa ukunika le kumbhobho iqashiso efanayo yokuphumla. Imali kuyo kakhulu, kwaye asikwazi ukuqonda isakhono "abaxhamli 'zabo, nguwuphi na kubo kubaluleke ngakumbi. Noko ke, ukubuyekeza yethu abunene ngokukhethekileyo. Inyaniso kukuba lo ukuba kwakuyimfuneko ukutshintsha indlela yokuhamba ukuze asindise abantu emaqandeni kwimpembelelo embi endala. "Nord Stream" eyakhiwe ukulungiselela le njongo. Wakhuza sisothula ezisendleleni Ukrainian. Inika igesi kuphela kuphela lizwe e Northern Europe. Ezinye nabathengi igesi yendalo, yokwenene kunye nabo bangathanda ukufamisha, baba 'amabanjwa' yemibhobho Ukrainian. Kulapho ingcamango ukwakha wegesi "South Stream". Kwelinye icala, kwakuyimfuneko ukuba ngokwenene balahle i zento lizwe ongathembekanga, kunye nenye - ngokwabo zifuna uhlaziyo zonxibelelwano. ukuphila kwabo sele ebonakalayo. Transit kulondolozwe yepropati ngokukodwa unexhala. Yaye nayiphi na indlela kwi umsebenzi unxiba ngaphandle, nkqu "umbhobho", oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, complex mveliso ezintsonkothileyo. Ngokubanzi, kwaba enye ukuya kwenye.

project

Yombhobho gas "South Stream" ekuqaleni ukuya kugqitha nje emdeni ithi ezintlanu, babanike kunye amafutha uxanduva nokusingqongileyo. Kulo mzekelo, akukho namnye Wababuza amathuba kwale projekthi. amazwe South Stream zezi: iBulgaria, Hungary, Serbia, eSlovenia, Italy. Emva koko waye wajoyina i-project Austria Greece. Kwacaca njani kuluncedo mazwe. Kuqaliswe ukwakhiwa wesixhenxe Disemba 2012. Esi sicwangciso ukuze ayigqibe ngo-2015 Lo msebenzi eninzi. Iiprojekthi ezinjalo koorhulumente libhale izivumelwano ezifanelekileyo, ukuhlela phantsi apho isakhiwo ezizodwa. Iindleko zokwakha kwakhona akukho ezincinane. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho uqikelelo, "Gazprom" kwafuneka ukuba utyalo kuyo 2.6 billion. Idola. Kodwa ke nani lenyuka ukuya US $ 4,66 billion .. Imibhobho yaseYurophu efanayo kunye nonxibelelwano ayeqikelelwe kwi isixa ngeenkwenkwezi ka-16.6 yeebhiliyoni. Noko ke, umsebenzi uqalisiwe ibile. amashishini ezifanelekileyo, imali eyabelwe, ulungelelaniso zabanjwa ziye zadalwa.

Icebo wegesi "South Stream '

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le projekthi ibalulekileyo ukuze ukuya kakuhle. It ufakwa olunzulu zohlalutyo, ukulungisa, ngoko ukuthetha, emhlabeni. Ngokwalo, omnye yakhe yokugqibela (ishiywe) bookmark us eboniswe okuqashwa. Njengoko ubona, kwafuneka ukufikelela inani elikhulu kumazwe e Southern eYurophu, esishiya kwixesha elizayo kwamanye amazwe ithuba lokuba bangene kwiprojekthi. Ke okona kubalulekileyo, "South Stream" - wegesi (imephu kulo mzobo) ukuba bypasses kukho iqabane ongathembekanga, Kojima waba Ukraine. Inxalenye umbhobho kufuneka kudlula phantsi kuLwandle Black. Ngaphezu koko, ubude bayo ibiya kuba malunga neekhilomitha ezisithoba. Kwacetywa ukuba yombhobho uya kucanda kwimimandla yezoqoqosho nje kuphela eRashiya Bulgaria, kodwa eTurkey, leyo, ngasendleleni, le projekthi hayi ikakhulukazi. Waye ke ngoku zabo "izilangazelelo igesi." Kunjalo, Turkey unike imvume projekthi "South Stream wegesi." EBulgaria kwinqanaba elilandelayo le ndlela. Kwacetywa ukuba yombhobho iya kufika kanye phezu kweendonga zayo kufutshane nesixeko Varna. Kweli nqanaba, i wegesi "South Stream", imephu leyo akunjalo kakhulu kwezoqoqosho njengoko ezopolitiko, Bakhubeka xihinga. Kodwa ngaloo ngezantsi.

Inxalenye Russian yeprojekthi

To Southern Europe "Russian" amafutha blue ezifunyenweyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwakha amabini kunye newaka nesiqingatha iikhilomitha yombhobho kwisikhululo isiguquli. Le ibekwe kufuphi nesixeko Anapa. "South Stream 'apha ukubaleka ecaleni ngamazantsi olwandle. "Russian" ithathwa koyena station isiguquli. Iza ukumpompa 63 billion. Cubic metres yerhasi ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngokutsho data ibalwe, kuba malunga neshumi ekhulwini ebango yaseYurophu. Ukuya kunxweme yaseBulgaria kombhobho kwakufuneka "Gazprom" ukwakha ezabo. Okulandelayo, ukwakhiwa waqhubeka inkampani joint, apho waba isibonda amahlanu ekhulwini. imisebenzi Land bathwalwa phandle. Kodwa ke pipe-ngokubekwa komile etyetyisiweyo ngenxa yolibaziseko kunye mvume yokubhalisa. Bulgaria "South Stream", kwelinye icala, wamkela, kwelinye - nako ukuya nxamnye European Commission, nto leyo eye enye imbono. Kodwa "Gazprom" iyaqhubeka ukwakha. welding yokuqala ezidibanayo kwemithambo blue senzeka umoya festive-7 Disemba 2012. Njengoko CEO kaloku uthe, ngemfezeko le projekthi kule ndawo, Tkachenko: "South Stream '(lwemibhobho) Anapa yamkele. Oku kunika amathuba kuphuhliso lwamazwe nje yaseYurophu kodwa Krasnodar Territory. "

EYurophu "South Stream '

imephu yemibhobho ahlabe nkqu nabantu, kancinane wayezazi kuqoqosho, kakade, kwaqondwa ziinkokeli EU. AmaTaliyane wokuqala abathatha inxaxheba kulo msebenzi. Inkxalabo Lwabo "Eni kaThixo" kunye "Gazprom" sele uqalile ukuyila kubalulekile ipipi eYurophu. Imemorandam Framework kwagqitywa ngo-2007. Ukususela ngoko waqalisa umsebenzi omkhulu thethwano. Kunyaka olandelayo, 2008, Bulgaria wajoyina projekthi. "South Stream 'ukuba umnike ithuba elihle ukwandisa mali. Le nzuzo ukuba lizwe ekugqibeleni oziphosileyo, kuqikelelwa kwi-400 ezigidi. Idola. Kulo nyaka, Serbia uthe kuyimfuneko gas. "South Stream 'kwaye isigqibo ukuchitha endaweni yayo. Eli lizwe isayinwe sivumelwano "Gazprom 'ukuba umbhobho isiqingatha ukuba inkampani yethu. izivumelwano efanayo sele sifikelelelwe kunye namanye amazwe (ngo-2009 - kunye eSlovenia, ngo-2010 - Croatia). Ngelo xesha kumsebenzi ujoyine Austria kunye neFransi. Le yokugqibela yagqiba ukutyala imali ekwakhiweni wegesi "South Stream". Le projekthi inkampani inkulu nahamba ukwenza amandla, «Électricité de France». Kwisicwangciso efanayo ukwakhiwa kwasayinwa isivumelwano sonyaka ngamaGrike, Serbia kunye Bulgaria. "South Stream ', ngokutsho ingcamango, yayikukwenza ukuba eli lizwe eziphambili - zento. Kuyo, yaye kuyekela enkulu, apho kwiminyaka embalwa ezifunyanwa ngabo akazange ayithande le projekthi.

Inkathazo lokuqala

Qala nokuphikiswa ngqiqweni sabekwa ngo-2011. Commissioner yaseYurophu yezaMandla wabalumkisa ngokuphandle Ukraine ukuba emva kokudalwa kunye nokungeniswa "South Stream 'ukusebenza, eli lizwe liya kuhlala ngaphandle umsebenzi. Ayisendim umbhobho iza kusetyenziswa yohambo. Oettinger likazwelonke licebise abasemagunyeni Ukrainian 'ukuba akajiki eRashiya kule projekthi. " Nangona ezi meko, le ndlela "South Stream 'wegesi wathabatha indawo nolungelelaniso efanelekileyo. Emva kokubhengezwa iinjongo lizwe, ngaphambili zifakiwe kwiprojekthi, waqalisa ukuba awenze "Gazprom" izivumelwano konikezelo igesi yendalo. Nangona Russian Federation kwafuneka ukuba noxinzelelo amazwe aseYurophu. NguDmitry Medvedev, ekubeni owayengumongameli Russia, ebanjwe iintetho kunye nogxa wakhe Turkish. Ngokutsho iziphumo, wavakalisa ingcamango yokuba iprojekthi zingatshintshwa. Nalapho ke kwakukho ingcamango yokuba ungakwazi ukuqondisa ukugeleza Turkey, nto leyo ilungu European Union.

Package Energy wesithathu

Enye umqobo kukuthathwa imisebenzi yaba mthetho EU. Inyaniso yokuba amandla kwimarike kwi Union kunokuba "iyachithwa." Inqanaba Ixabiso le obusekwe thethwano ngqo kumthengisi size nkonzo. Oku kukhokelela ukudideka kurhwebo. I-EU yamkele inani lwemithetho, eyaziwa ngokuba "iphakheji amandla lesithathu", ezenzelwe kukhulula imeko urhwebo kunye namandla. Bathi ukwahlukana zabathengisi kunye namazwe sendleleni kwabonwa kusekude. Oko kukuthi, "Gazprom", ngokutsho la maxwebhu akukho ilungelo ukwakha umbhobho, amahlanu ekhulwini kweendleko ebeyinalo kuye. Le phakeji yokufunda wavunywa ngo 2009. Noko ke, kamva kokusayina isivumelwano sokuqala kuphuhliso "South Stream". Apha kwakukho ityala. Kwelinye icala, ezi projekthi angaweli phantsi yesiThathu Energy Package, kwelinye icala - iKomishoni yaseYurophu akazange avumele ukuba ukuqala, ngenxa yokuba waphula imithetho eyamkelweyo.

Thina ayakhayo, kwaye wena - indlela ofuna

Noko ke, iRussia akazange abashiye iprojekthi nenzuzo. Endaweni yayo yonke imisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo ngexesha ukuze sibekwe ukusebenza "eMzantsi Stream". Anapa yombhobho, umzekelo, wadibana ngokonwaba. Akuphelelanga apho, ecaleni kwidolophu wamisa ishishini enkulu, ukudala imisebenzi emitsha, ngoko ngakumbi kwaye zokuhlala banikwa igesi yendalo. Lo mmandla baqala ukuba iprojekthi efanelekileyo ukuze gasification. Ezinye iinguqulelo izicwangciso baqalisa ukuba imilo ngo-2014. Emva begazi ye eCrimea kunye neenkampani igesi Russia waqalisa ukuba sibone indlela esi siganeko enokuchaphazela yeprojekthi yabo. Isibakala sokuba (malunga ezimbini ngeekhilomitha) olunzulu ngokubekwa - an ishishini imali eninzi. Ukuba umbhobho elikhokelayo kwi kwintsimi iCrimea, elwandle, uya kuba phezu iziza ezincinane. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zale projekthi. Kuye mlonyeni kakhulu ngenxa kwanyanzeliswa kwezohlwayo nxamnye neRashiya.

yonke yaphelela e Bulgaria

Ngokwawo, umsebenzi ukudala Iprojekthi ebalulekileyo elinjalo entsonkothileyo kwaye zizele zonke iintlobo ubuqili kunye bokuqonda. Kufuneka ukuba kuvunyelwane elininzi imiba kunye noorhulumente emazweni inxaxheba ukufumana imvume, fumana imali njalo njalo. kwenziwe konke oku "Gazprom". Nje phambi kokuqala kokwakhiwa eziyimfuneko ukuze bafumane imvume esuka kumazwe leyo yaba nzima kwiimeko zentlekele Ukrainian isaqhuma. Kodwa Austria kunye namanye amazwe "ezize" isayinwe onke amaphepha ayimfuneko. Isima yombhobho igesi "South Stream 'Bulgaria. Emva thethwano elide kwaye bavumelane lizwe abazange anike imvume yakhe. ukwala okubangelwa efanayo yesiThathu Energy Package. UMongameli yaseBulgaria waba kwisigxina esinzima. Ilizwe njenge njengelungu le-European Union, kunyanzelekile ukuba ukuthobela imithetho yakhe kunye nolawulo neemfuno. Kwelinye icala - inzuzo ekuqaleni lakhanya bonke. Bulgaria wenze ukhetho yayo, ukuyeka inzuzo zohambo. Amaxwebhu kubonisa imvume yayo ekuqaleni yokwakha, iye ngemvume. Esi siganeko zange yenzeke yaba isiseko senziwe isigqibo Russian uMongameli wazibhukuqa ikhondo lweziganeko. Kuye ebangele livakale ngokubanzi kunye nentloko ebuhlungu ngenxa isikhundla esiphezulu zeKomishoni yaseYurophu hayi kuphela.

Ukuvala lo msebenzi. Yintoni elandelayo?

woza ke Disemba 1, 2014. Ngexesha lotyelelo lwakhe eTurkey, uMongameli we-Russian Federation, kunye kugxa evela host elizweni wenza ingxelo. EYurophu uye wabeka phambi mhaka leyi. Le projekthi ivaliwe. Akukho malungiselelo khange asebenze kwi-Russian Federation. Buyela "South Stream 'nakanye. Kodwa kuthekani ngabo Akanangxaki ekwakhiweni kwayo, owayesebenza kunye ne "Gazprom" yonke le minyaka? Putin ubhengeze ukuba zonke 63 billion. Cubic metres yerhasi aya kunikwa Turkey. Inxalenye kuwo kwaye iya ziphele. Kuba abo ukuvakalisa umnqweno nangoku ukuthenga hub irhasi Russian iya kwakhelwa phezu kumda Turkey kunye Greece. Kuphela ngoku, ukwakhiwa yonxibelelwano zothutho uye waba yabathengi yintloko. Oko kukuthi, i-Russian Federation ekuvunyelwene ngayo yesiThathu Energy Package. Apho baseYurophu iya kuthatha imali ukuba ukwakhiwa ebiza enjalo, ishishini labo. Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo, Turkey uya kuba zento ilizwe ephambili lokubonelela irhasi yendalo kwi-EU. Inyaniso kukuba i-lizwe kulindeleke ukuba babambe wegesi "Nabucco". Le projekthi, wadala phantsi kwephiko eUnited States enye "South Stream". Emva kokuba yonke impikiswano kunye neentetho, ngenxa intransigence zeKomishoni yaseYurophu, inxalenye amazwe akumazantsi Union kuphela ngaphandle nerhasi, kodwa abanethemba ngokungacacanga bayalufumana kamsinya. Wonke umsebenzi lilize. Ngoku kufuneka uqale inkqubo thethwano ngokutsha. Kwaye nalapha kufika kunyulo ngesiGrike, kwakunye kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ekuhambeni kwexesha. NgoJanuwari 2015 iMbasa ubunye zopolitiko SYRIZA, ukuvakalisa uphume yelizwe ukusuka EU. Ukuba injongo yabo ukuba ityala phambi, ukuma kumazwe asemazantsi aseYurophu nokuba nzima ngakumbi.

Noko ke, le projekthi "yombhobho" South Stream 'ivaliwe. Ngoku yonke into nje thethwana nabanye sendleleni - umthengi. Kwakukho iprojekthi entsha. It isigqibo ukubiza i "Turkish Stream". Linjani ikamva naye?