Yokulinganisa Strain: inkcazelo, imiyalelo ukusetyenziswa, iimpawu nezilinganiso

transducers Strain gauge zizixhobo lokuguqula i kulinganiswa deformation kwilastiki komzimba eziqinileyo kube yimitha yombane. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba utshintsho yenkcaso umbhexeshi womenzi woluvo nokutshintsha imilinganiso yalo zejometri lwe ekusoluleni okanye ucinezelo.

Strain gauge: umgaqo amanyathelo

Into ephambili isixhobo igeyiji ubunzima eqhotyoshelweyo isakhiwo elastic. iiseli Layisha ukuba lihlelwe stepwise iyalayisha ucacise ukwandisa amandla kwaye ngaloo ndlela yokulinganisa ubukhulu yokunganyangeki zombane. Emva koko, ukuba ukuyitshintsha zinokusetyenziswa ukufumanisa imilinganiselo umthwalo ongaziwayo kunye deformation nto ngokuya kuyo.

Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo boluvo lingaba nokulinganiswa:

• amandla;
• wegazi;
• ukufuduka;
• torque;
• ukukhawulezisa.

Nkqu ephambili neziphumo uyilo yesekethe kulayishwa lo mkhuhlane igeyiji leyo azezi ungakhululekanga, okanye ucinezelo ecaleni emkhusaneni icandelo yayo emide, ebizwa kwisiseko.

Yintoni wasebenzisa yokulinganisa ubunzima

Eyona eziqhelekileyo iindidi yokulinganisa ubunzima kunye utshintsho ukuxhathisa phantsi koxinzelelo ngomatshini - usebenzsa uhlobo.

yokulinganisa wire ukukhathaza

Umzekelo elula icandelo umgca ucingo ezingcakacileyo iqhotyoshelwe iinkcukacha isifundo. ukumelana wayo: r = PL / s, apho p - resistivity, L - ubude, s - indawo yecandelo.

Xa piece njo yi elastically zikhubazekile ucingo. Ngelo xesha ukutshintsha imilinganiso yalo yemigca. Xa ngokuveza icandelo umnqamlezo ukunyuka umqhubi, kunye eqine - ucutho. Ngoko ke, utshintsho resistance utshintsha uphawu kuxhomekeke indlela deformation. Uphawu lwento.

Low yobu- uvakalelo kukhokelele imfuneko yokwandisa ubude wire kummandla encinane yokulinganisa. Ukuze wenze oku, kokuba lwenziwe ngohlobo uwele (emkhusaneni) of wire, kuncanyathiselwa kumacala omabini amacwecwe ubushushu ifilimu lacquer okanye kwephepha. Ukuze uqhagamshelwano izixhobo yombane unikwe ababhexeshi ezimbini terminal zobhedu. Bona welding, okanye soldered ukuya eziphelweni ucingo kweleli womelele ngokwaneleyo ukuqhagamshela isekethe yombane. Strain yobu- iqhotyoshelwe ilungu kwilastiki okanye inxalenye behlolisisa usebenzise iglu.

yokulinganisa Wire nzima banamalungelo zilandelayo:

• isakhiwo elula;
• sixhomekeke linear of deformation;
• ngamagama amancinane;
• ixabiso elincinane.

Bobubi ziquka uvakalelo ephantsi, isiphumo lobushushu okukufutshane, imfuneko ukhuseleko ngokuchasene ukunyakama, sebenzisa kuphela kummandla deformation ilastiki.

Le cingo iya kuba likhubazeke xa amandla adhesion odibanisa kude idlula umgudu efunekayo ukwandiswa yayo. Umlinganiselo wobuso lib ukuya kwindawo cross-somhlathi kufuneka 160 ukuya 200, engqamana yayo ubudeki 0,02-0,025 mm. Kuvumelekile ukwandisa ukuya 0.05 mm. Ke ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo uhlobo yobu- ngcina umaleko itshabalele. Ngaphezu koko, lo woluvo isebenza kakuhle ucinezelo, ekubeni bemicu wire ebalulekileyo kunye umboniso iglu kunye workpiece.

yokulinganisa ngefoyile ye ukukhathaza

Parameters kunye nokusebenza kwale ubunzima gauge ziyafana naleyo kwicingo. izinto kuphela a ifoyile eyenziwe nichrome, constantan okanye titanium-aluminiyam. lemveliso technology photolithography ivumela ukufumana uqwalaselo emkhusaneni kwaye zokusebenzisa inkqubo.

Xa kuthelekiswa ngocingo, ngefoyile ye uhlobo eqhutywa sensitive ngakumbi, ngakumbi ngoku lidlule ngcono igciwane deformation ukuba izigqibo umzobo obusisimakade nzima ngakumbi.

yokulinganisa semiconductor ukukhathaza

Woluvo uvakalelo yi malunga amaxesha 100 ngaphezu wire ekuvumela rhoqo ukuba isicelo ngaphandle yokukhulisa. Bobubi abo brittleness, uxhomekeke olukhulu kwiqondo lobushushu kokugquma kwaye i parameters agcwayele omkhulu.

iimpawu ze gages ubunzima

1. Base - ubude umqhubi Ilibele (0,2-150 mm).
2. Standard ukumelana R - ixabiso ukumelana (Ohm 10-1000).
3. Umsebenzi supply I yangoku _p - ngoku apho yobu- leyo kulungise shushu ngako. Kwimeko nobushushu ukutshintsha iimpawu izinto woluvo, isiseko kunye umaleko iglu, ukutyhefa ubungqina.
4. gauge factor: s = (ΔR / R) / (ΔL / L), apho R kunye L - ngokulandelelana luvukelo zombane kunye nobude uphenyo wapha; ΔR and ΔL - ukuxhathisa ukutshintsha yaye deformation yi amandla wangaphandle. Kuba izinto ezahlukeneyo kusenokuba HIV (R kwandisa eqine) nekhabayo (R ukunyuka ucinezelo). Ixabiso s ngenxa ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi isusela ukusuka -12,6 ukuya +6.

Scheme efake yokulinganisa ubunzima

Kuba umlinganiselo amaza ezincinane zombane ukhetho engcono ukufakwa ibhulorho, embindini okuyinto voltmeter. Umzekelo elula ibiya kuba igeyiji ukukhathaza, nto leyo beesekethe ibandla kumgaqo bhulorho zombane, oludityaniswe ngayo ingalo. ukuqina kwayo kwi imeko wazikhulula iyafana naleyo ezinye resistors. Kulo mzekelo, ifowuni iya kubonisa ombane zero. Lo mgaqo uyasebenza yobunzima uphawu ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa ubukhulu ukuqina kwayo kuxhomekeke ziya kunyanzela ukwazi okanye nangengalo.

Ukuchaneka yokufundwa lichatshazelwe kakhulu ngenxa yobu- iqondo lobushushu. Ukuba elinye Nengalo bhulorho ukuze ibandakanye tenzosoprotivlenie efanayo ongayi lolayisho, uya kwenza umsebenzi kwembuyekezo kugqithise obushushu.

Umphathi wesekethe yokulinganisa kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo amaxabiso uxhathiso wombane ngcingo iqhagamshele resistor. impembelelo kwabo kuncitshiswa kongezwe elinye Umqhubi uqhagamshele nasiphi na isixhobo sokulinganisa kwisigqibo ubunzima kunye voltmeter.

Xa ilungu kwilastiki ukuba babambelele nabenzi boluvo ezimbini ukwenzela ukuba umthwalo wabo ayashiyana umqondiso, uphawu uya kwandisa 2 amaxesha. Ukuba kukho abenzi ezine kwisekethe imithwalo, omiselwe neentolo mzobo ngasentla, inovakalelo kwandisa kakhulu. Xa uqhagamshela usebenzsa wire okanye ifoyile uhlobo ammeter eziqhelekileyo iya kungqina ngaphandle ngombhobho lwemiqondiso zombane. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe ngokuchanileyo ihlelo resistances kunye multimeter ukuze bayalingana enye kwenye engalweni ngalinye ibhulorho zombane.

Ukusetyenziswa yokulinganisa ubunzima kwimizobo

1. Inxalenye yesakhiwo esikalini le balinganise umzimba woluvo na elastically gqitha, kwaye nalo ke gages ubunzima zigxunyekwe kuyo siqhagamshelwe kwisekethe. Uphawu ombane idluliselwe isixhobo yokulinganisa.
2. Ukugada uxinezeleko-uhlobo imo iiprojekthi zobunjineli noshowo kunye yoluntu ngexesha lokwakha yabo kunye nokusebenza.
3. Strain gauge yokulinganisa amandla deformation ngexesha metal kusekwe kwi r bayisile ematyeni , bexhentsa oomatshini.
4. abenzi boluvo High-lobushushu kumashishini metallurgical kunye nezinye.
5. Ukulinganisa isivamvo kunye ilungu elastic ezenziwe insimbi yosebenziso bume afana ndlongondlongo.

yokulinganisa ubunzima Standard eyenziwe ngohlobo washer, imitya, okanye imiqadi elula amabini, S-ezimile. Kuba yonke yoyilo kubalulekile ukuba amandla busetyenzisiwe kwicala elinye: ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi okanye ngenye indlela. Xa iimeko ezinzima yokusebenza, uyilo ezizodwa kwenza kube lula ukuphelisa isiphumo zemikhosi olwaye lwamfimfitha. Kule ubukhulu becala baxhomekeke amaxabiso zabo.

On uhlobo gages Ibanga ixabiso kwamakhulu ukuya amakhulu amawaka engange. Kuxhomekeka umenzi, uyilo, izixhobo, ubuchule yokuvelisa, amaxabiso iimeko kulinganiswa, izixhobo ezongezelelekileyo ze-elektronikha. Ubukhulu becala, ukuba amacandelo eseleyo kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo.

isiphelo

Umgaqo intsebenziswano yabo bonke iiseli umthwalo isekelwe iinguqu deformation kwelungu elastic kube yimitha yombane. Ukulungiselela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo iye woluvo yayo. Xa yokulinganisa uhlobo abanyuliweyo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngaba kukho imbuyekezo izikimu ingavakali Ufundo lobushushu kunye neziphumo mechanical olwaye lwamfimfitha.