Yintoni na le ndawo kwezoqoqosho. Central region Black Umhlaba: ulwazi ngokubanzi

ummandla Central Black Umhlaba kwezoqoqosho (TSCHER) kubaluleke kakhulu kulwakhiwo kwezoqoqosho Russian Federation. Oku kungenxa izibonelelo kwindawo kunye nemveliso yendawo elise nommandla wayo. Makhe sifunde ngakumbi oko kubandakanya ummandla kwezoqoqosho Central Black Earth. Kwakhona zigxininisa kwenkcazo ingqikelelo ngeendawo.

neengingqi zoqoqosho Russia

kummandla Economic - yinxalenye ezweni eye iimpawu ezithile obungcali kwezoqoqosho, izibonelelo eziqhelekileyo, iindlela zonxibelelwano.

Redistricting asiyiyo inxalenye candelo lolawulo-lwengingqi lizwe, kwaye lisebenza komnotho-geographical ukuba kube lula ukuqonda kobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho, kwakunye ngakumbi ithuba lula ukucwangcisa olunye uphuhliso lommandla.

Okwangoku ke, i-Russian Federation kubabela ezi elinambini zifundo. I yezoqoqosho indawo Central Black Umhlaba - omnye wabo. On kuya kuxoxwa ngazo nzulu ngakumbi ngezantsi.

Indawo esikuyo ndawo

Region Economic Central Black Umhlaba ise kwinxalenye ekumzantsi-ntshona eRashiya. Esi sixeko sikhulu, kwaye ngexesha elinye iziko layo unofficial - Voronezh, leyo inabemi abantu abangaphezu 1 yezigidi. Ubume bale Central Black Umhlaba kummandla zomnotho kubandakanya ezintlanu kwimimandla eRashiya: Kursk, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Belgorod, Tambov. (. 52 200 km ezingama) Indawo inkulu kwezi -Voronezhskaya, kwaye indawo lincinci uye Lipetsk - 24,000 square metres. km. Area Belgorod, iindawo Kursk kunye Tambov yi 27100, 30 000 okanye 34 500 macala onke. km ngokulandelelanayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa lo ngingqi njengoko kummandla Orel, ethe ngokufanayo nezinye izifundo imbali Russian kujonge izinto ezifanayo zophuhliso kunye umanyano kwezoqoqosho. Kodwa zocando lwemida esemthethweni namhlanje edibana ngayo kwisithili Central kwezoqoqosho.

Ngenxa yoko, 167 700 macala onke. km - lo kummandla kagunyaziwe, leyo ummandla kwezoqoqosho Central Black Earth. EGP (imeko yehlabathi yezoqoqosho geographical) zako kuluncedo. Le ndawo ke ngexesha elifanayo kufuphi kuthelekiswa elikomkhulu kwaye ezikufutshane ukuya kumda karhulumente phakathi Russia kunye Ukraine ngokubanzi. Oku kwenza kube ingeniso kakhulu nommandla wayo, nto leyo ke, yehlile ngenxa eziya zisiba lobudlelwane kunye nabamelwane.

igama

Region Economic (Central Black Umhlaba) got igama layo ebudeni bexesha yoBukhosi baseRashiya, xa ethathwa ngokwenene indawo esembindini kwinxalenye yaseYurophu kweli lizwe. Okwangoku, igama layo esemthethweni akunjalo ngokupheleleyo, ekubeni lo mmandla kubekwe phezu imida yasentshona Russia kwaye ayikho indawo engundoqo.

kwisithili Umhlaba Black ogama ngenxa yokuba isiseko umhlaba wayo Umhlaba omnyama otyebileyo. igama lakhe lesibini, nto leyo kupapashwa ebanzi ngokufanelekileyo - Black Earth.

indaba

Central Black Umhlaba lwezoqoqosho kummandla Russia unembali kunokuba umdla yaye elide nophuhliso.

Zokuhlala lokuqala abantu banamhlanje zifunyenwe kule ndawo baninzi ukuya Bronze Age. Baba i-ekuthiwa abashevo inkcubeko. Kamva, lo mmandla kwakuhlala izizwe ezininzi Chernozemya: AmaSkitiya, amaSarmatia, Alans, Khazars, Pechenegs, Cumans.

Kwiindawo ezinkulu ndawo bahlala kunye nezizwe baseMpumalanga northerners, apho axelwe Siverschyna. Waye yaba yinxalenye karhulumente Old Russian, yaye emva ukuwa baso yinxalenye Chernigov kunye nazilawuli Novgorod-Seversky. Foundation wesixeko Kursk libhalwe kunyaka 1032. Nguye lo mdala zokuhlala ezikhoyo kummandla Komhlaba Black.

Emva kokuba Mongol ayehlasela ezi zindawo yokumangalisa. Apha zazizihambela Nogai. West of kummandla yangoku Central Black Umhlaba yaba yinxalenye Duchy of Lithuania.

Ukususela ngenkulungwane XV ekomelezeni ebalulekileyo ubulawuli eMoscow, apho eziguqulelwe eka xivandla Russian. Impembelelo yakhe waqalisa ukusasaza kumazwe Chernozem. Ezi zizwe zakhusela imida leli lizwe yi-iCrimea Khanate kunye nje befuna umhlaba ochumileyo. Ekupheleni kwinqaba kwinkulungwane yeshumi wakha Belgorod kunye Voronezh, yaye kamva waba imizi emikhulu, kwaye ngoku eli ziko lommandla.

Ngexesha uBukhosi Russian, emva kokuba uhlaziyo solawulo 1708, intsimi Chernozem yahlulwa phakathi Azov naseKiev amaphondo. Esinokubangela ukuba uthi ngeli xesha, ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XV, lo mmandla kakhulu waya zifunyanwe eziliqela iimpawu kuye. Ngo-1880 ziquka ukushicilelwa kwamanani aqokelelweyo, apho kumi isembindini zolimo (TSCHER elizayo), ebandakanya amaphondo zilandelayo: ukulungela ukusebenza, Voronezh, Penza, Ryazan, Tambov, Kursk, Orel, Tula.

Emva kokufika kwamandla yiSoviet, ngowe-1928, oko kwasekwa kummandla Central Black Umhlaba hlukanisa kwiziko wengingqi Voronezh. isakhiwo yayo ibandakanya Orel, Voronezh, Tambov kunye Kursk amaphondo. Ngowe-1934, ummandla Central Black Umhlaba kwapheliswa kwaye ahlulwe kummandla Voronezh kunye Kursk. Ngowe-1937, ukususela isakhiwo yabo zachongwa imimandla Orel kunye Tambov, yaye ngowe-1954 ngaphezulu Lipetsk kunye Belgorod.

Yeyona leSoviet ikakhulu ebangela ngezoshishino mmandla, ulwakhiwo mveliso ezinkulu kunye namashishini, ngokunjalo nophuhliso olunzulu yezolimo. Ku bakwaziswa ngeendawo kwezoqoqosho ngengqiqo mihla ilizwi, obala TSCHER.

Wesimanje Isigaba

Emva kokuba isihlokomiso somthetho nobukhosi RSFSR ekupheleni kukaMeyi 1991 uSihlalo ummiselo ngemipu Forces Borisa Eltsina wabhengezwa nokudalwa Association of "Black Umhlaba", leyo eyenzelwe ukuba kube lula intsebenziswano nokubambisana kwiindawo ngamnye kule ngingqi. Ngo-2010, i-Association uquka kwiingingqi ezili-10, 5 ezingaqukwanga kwi TSCHER, nangona bona kufutshane nayo.

Ukwaphulwa 90-s, kwakunye lonke Russia, lo mmandla uya wayengenamali: Imveliso wawa, amashishini ezininzi ziye zavalwa. Oku kubangelwe bokuqonda utshintsho ukusuka acwangcisiweyo kuqoqosho emarikeni. Kodwa ukusukela kowama-2000, imeko yezoqoqosho yommandla Central Black Umhlaba kuye kwaphucula kakhulu, nangona kude lusebenziseke ngokupheleleyo amandla alo ngokupheleleyo.

labantu

Le abemi Central Black Umhlaba kummandla yoqoqosho ekhoyo okwangoku malunga 7800 amawaka. Abantu noxinano abantu 46 square kilometre. km. Inani elikhulu labantu abahlala kwizixeko - malunga ne-70%, kwaye% 30 kuphela abemi abahlala emaphandleni.

Ummandla kakhulu ezinabantu Chernozem - Voronezh. Inani labemi kukho yezigidi 2.3 zabantu, ingxelo leyo ngaphezu kwesigidi esi-1 yena Voronezh. Abahlali Into yokugqibela kufuneka ummandla Tambov - abantu million 1.05. Population Belgorod, Lipetsk kunye Kursk iingingqi 1.6, 1.2 kunye nabantu 1.1 million. ngokulandelelana.

Ukuxinana liphezulu labantu kummandla Belgorod -. Abantu 57.1 / macala onke. km. Le incinane kwi Tambov -. Abantu 30.5 / macala Km. km. imimandla Izalathi Relevant Lipetsk, Voronezh kunye Kursk akhawunti ngenxa 48.1, 44,7, abantu 37.3 / macala onke. M. km.

Ukubunjwa yesizwe inani elikhulu labantu kule ngingqi (95%) ngabona Russian. Inani Ukraine, musa ukudlula 1.5-2% yabemi lommandla kwezoqoqosho. Phakathi kwezinye ezincane kufuneka kuqatshelwe Armenia, Gypsies, Azerbaijani, Turks, amaYuda kunye Yezidi Kurds. Kodwa, naliphi na inani labameli kula maqela yobuhlanga amancinci - ngaphantsi kwe-0.5% yenani lilonke abahlali Chernozemya.

imizi

imizi kunye imbali ezukileyo - inani elikhulu zokuhlala enkulu phezu kummandla kwingingqi Black Earth.

Kokuhlaliswa inkulu ummandla kwezoqoqosho central isixeko wayo - Voronezh, apho abemi lingaphezulu kwabantu million 1. Phakathi kwezinye ezikhoyo ezinkulu kufuneka zabelwe amaziko zengingqi ezifana Lipetck (ngaphezu kwama-500 amawaka. Inhabitants) Kursk (ngaphezu kwama-420 amawaka. Inhabitants), Bilgorod (ngaphezu kwama-380 amawaka. Inhabitants) Tambov (ngaphezu kwama-280 amawaka. Inhabitants). Eli ziko likhulu yommandla ngumzi Stary Oskol kummandla Belgorod. Abemi ungaphezu kwe-250 lamawaka. Abahlali.

Zonke ezi zokuhlala ngasentla kakhulu aphuhliswe kakuhle shishino kunye nezibonelelo.

imithombo

izibonelelo zendalo Central Black Umhlaba kummandla kwezoqoqosho bukhulu ngokwenene. On nommandla wayo ikuyo loo inkulu eRashiya intsimbi ekrwada imali yesibini ngobukhulu ehlabathini - Kursk anomaly. Ukongeza, ummandla iidiphozithi apatite Black Umhlaba ibekwe of webauxite, isanti, lekalika, udongwe, phosphate, itshokhwe, lenyengane, kwaye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Kukho kwakhona iidipozithi yegolide, platinum, ubhedu kunye nickel.

Kodwa vimba uphambili endalo sifunda kumhlaba walo ochumileyo emnyama. Umgangatho umhlaba, ngenxa eliphezulu ipesenti umxholo wamatye, likuvumela ukuba baqokelele inxalenye vintages kakhulu ehlabathini.

imboni

Zobungcali ye-Central Black Umhlaba kummandla kwezomnotho inophawu mveliso kunye nezolimo kubi.

Phezu kwako uphuhliso emininzi-emalungana mmandla, isabelo shishino kuqoqosho wayo nangoku longanyelwe ezimbalwa phezu kwezolimo. Ukukhokela indima awayephantsi mveliso zilandelayo: isakhiwo Umatshini, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, imigodi, iimveliso zokutya, iikhemikhali kunye namandla mveliso.

ezolimo

Ubukho lomhlaba abamnyama ochumileyo kunegalelo isibakala sokuba kwezolimo ummandla kwezoqoqosho Central Black Umhlaba inqanaba eliphezulu yophuhliso. Kakade ke, xa kuthelekiswa ne amaxesha Soviet isikali lwemveliso kwicandelo lehla kakhulu, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa neminye imimandla Russian Iimpawu Chernozem loQoqosho khangela okulungileyo.

Isebe kakhulu aphuhlisiweyo isityalo. Ezona ndawo ziphambili - ukuveliswa okuziinkozo, imbewu kajongilanga, sugar beet, iitapile kunye neminye imifuno.

Xa imfuyo production esilawulwa inyama, ubisi kunye namaqanda.

uphuhliso

Kakade ke, TSCHER yeyona inokuba ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iingingqi of Russia. Kukho oovimba ezibalulekileyo lwezibonelelo zendalo ngohlobo elinye lawona iidipozithi intsimbi wehlabathi kunye nenombolo enkulu imihlaba kakhulu echumayo - chernozems. Kwakhona iqulunqwa Infrastructure kunye namashishini kummandla kwezoqoqosho kakuhle kakhulu, kusekho izinto ezininzi njengelifa lolawulo eSoviet.

Njani ngempumelelo uza kusebenzisa oku kuxhomekeka inkokheli yelizwe liphela, ngokunjalo kwiinkokheli zemimandla. Kodwa hayi kwixesha elizayo ubuncinane TSCHER ixhomekeke kumntu ngamnye abahlala apho. Kuphela injongo kunye nendlela eqhubekayo nalo ngenene ukuzisa iziphumo ezibambekayo. Noko ke, singatsho ukuba uphuhliso lommandla sele bayibambe.