Kukho iinkulungwane ezininzi ngakumbi eyadlulayo, abantu elithekelelwayo ukuba nayiphi na into emhlabeni iqulathe amasuntswana ezincinane. Kwathatha ixesha elithile, yaye izazinzulu ziye zabonisa ukuba azenzeki la masuntswana. Babizwa ngokuba atom. Ngokuqhelekileyo atom lunokubakho ngokwahlukileyo kwaye zidityaniswe zibe ngamaqela. La maqela ngokuthi iimolekyuli. Igama "molecule" livela abamenzelayo kwigama lesiLatini elithi, elithetha ubunzima, eyi-, sondo, kwaye isimamva isinciphiso - cula. Ngaphambili, eli gama lisetyenziswa endaweni yegama elithi "corpuscle", ngokoqobo elithetha "umzimba elincinane". Ukuze ufumanise ukuba yintoni na molecule, sibheka kuzo Dictionary. Esi sichazi-magama Ushakova ithi leyo kwisuntswana lincinane khona ngokuzimeleyo kwaye zonke iimpawu zenkqunto apho libhekisela. Molecule atom ke ngeenxa zonke kuthi, yaye nangona abanako ningayichukumisi, yonke into esiyibonayo, enyanisweni - yinto clusters giant.
amanzi UMZEKELO
Kungcono ukucacisa oko molecule banokuba umzekelo indebe ngamanzi. Ukuba uphose ngomzali, incasa, umbala kunye nokwakhiwa amanzi eseleyo akayi kutshintsha. Bekuya kuba engaqhelekanga ukulindela into enye. Ukuba kwakhona uphose enesiqingatha, inani uya ndinciphe, kodwa iimpawu kuhlala enye kwakhona. Ukuqhubeka kwindawo Kusenjalo, ekugqibeleni afumane kwamathana encinane. Kuyenzeka nangoku ukwahlula umbala, kodwa ngonaphakade kuqhubela phambili le nkqubo iya kusebenza. Ekugqibeleni ukufumana kwisuntswana incinane, apho okuseleyo amanzi akayi ukwabela. Ukuze sicinge ukuba le molecule ezincinane kangakanani, zama mabaqashele ukuba zingaphi iimolekyuli bakwimeko ithontsi elinye lamanzi. Ucinga ntoni wena? Billion? Ikhulu billion? Enyanisweni, kukho malunga nekhulu sekstilonov yabo. Eli nani, nto leyo iyunithi emva mabini anesithathu zero-. Eli xabiso Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso, ngoko sisebenzisa uthelekiso: ubungakanani a molecule yamanzi lingaphantsi kwe-apile elikhulu njengoko amaxesha amaninzi, njengokhozo ngokwayo ngaphantsi jikelele. Ngoko ke, akunakwenzeka ukubona noba neemicroscope zinamandla okubonakalayo.
Isakhiwo molecule kunye atom
Njengoko sele uyazi, onke amasuntswana obungabonakaliyo ke yakhiwa athom. Kuxhomekeka ngokwenani labo, umzila we-atom engundoqo kunye nohlobo iibhondi imilo zejiyometri inokuba iimolekyuli ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, DNA yabantu nenxeba ifom ephotheneyo, kwaye isuntswana lincinci yetyuwa itafile rhoqo na uhlobo crystal ngekroba. Ukuba molecule ngandlel nithabathe iyileyo indoda atom Zimbalwa intshabalalo yayo. Kulo mzekelo, elidlulileyo aziyi kupheliswa, kodwa ziya kuba yinxalenye yezinye microparticles.
Xa sibonile ukuba lo molecule, siye ku-atom. isimo sawo sifana kakhulu kwinkqubo-langa: isikhungo elakha kunye neutron kunye protons ngokuqinisekileyo ityala, zizula-zule electron kwi emzileni ezahlukeneyo. Ngokubanzi ingaphezulu kukuba kagesi cala. Ngamanye amazwi, inani electron Ndikulinganise inani protons.
Sinethemba Inqaku lethu ibe luncedo, kwaye ngoku ungabi imibuzo malunga nokuba yintoni na molecule kunye atom, zisebenza njani kwaye yintoni umahluko.