Yintoni i-World Wide Web

Malunga koko, yintoni na jikelele network Internet, ithetha lukhulu. Oku akumangalisi, kunikwa into yokuba ngoku kukho inani elikhulu bezixhobo zombane ukunika isakhono ukudibanisa kuwo. Yinto nje iikhompyutha kuphela, kodwa ATM, "smart ekhaya" iinkqubo, izixhobo zonxibelelwano kunye omabonakude. Ngokubanzi, inika uluhlu uphela ngokwesiseko engenakwenzeka. Enyanisweni, ukuba iinethiwekhi zefowuni zikuvumela ukuba ukuthetha nabantu, sino computer network ye -Intanethi kwenza kube lula ukutshintshiselana inkcazelo ngekhompyutha izixhobo.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwahlula phakathi womnatha wobulali eziquka iikhompyutha ezininzi kwi encinci kwaye intanethi, nesigubungelo lonke ihlabathi.

Imbali ukuvela kwi Internet lisukela emva unyaka wamashumi amahlanu elinethoba, xa US kwiSebe lezoKhuselo, owaya ingxaki ngenxa imfazwe kunye Utshaba kunokwenzeka, wanikela nakwiiyunivesiti ezine eziphambili lizwe ukuphuhlisa womnatha axelelana data yedijithali phakathi izixhobo computing elektroniki. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo yaba ARPANET, owayebonakele ngoSeptemba 1969 kwaye Universities data enxulumene.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anethoba ka-Oktobha waloo nyaka bazibhala phakathi sites eCalifornia eStanford (babengamakhulu omathandathu, anamanci mane km), ukuzama ukwenza unxibelelwano computer lokuqala sele yenziwe. 22:30 ezazakhiwe ubudlelwane ezinzileyo, yaye oku kuthathwa ukuba ngexesha lokuzalwa ye Internet (nangona, enyanisweni, nangoku ke ARPANET).

Emva koko eqala ukuvela kwaye basebenzise ngenkuthalo ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo utshintsho e-mail. Ngoko kukho ixesha yokuqala ingcamango "iposi ngqo". Nangona ARPANET yaye yaba likhulu ngaxeshanye kunye elalikhona kwinethiwekhi ikhompyutha, umsebenzi wakhe kuthwalelwa phandle ngokusekelwe nezinye izisombululo hardware ne-software. Kucacile ukuba umgangatho othile, esizokwenza ukuba basebenzisane kunye nabanye. Ngoko ke, ukususela ngoJanuwari 1983 ARPANET watshintshela TCP / IP protocol (endaweni NCP). Kukholelwa ukuba buphuma kule ngongoma olwahlulwayo kumsebenzi womnatha kwihlabathi kwi Internet wawuqalisa ukujikeleza isixeko lobungangamsha kwihlabathi liphela.

Ngowe-1984 ukuba yaziswa kwi Domain Name System (DNS), kusetyenziswa ngexesha langoku. Kulo nyaka kukho nenye inethiwekhi enkulu - NSFNet (American Science Foundation). peculiarity yayo kukuba izilingo iiwebhsayithi ezininzi ezincinci, ngoko yiba bhetyebhetye ngakumbi yandile ngaphezu ARPANET. Ngoko ke, ngonyaka nje omnye inani koomatshini ezidityanisiweyo ngaphaya 10,000, ngelo xesha kakhulu okuninzi. Emva koko, ibinzana elithi "World Wide Web" lalisetyenziswa nje NSFNet.

kukho-time real protocol IRC, ukubonelela ithuba yokulungelelanisa incoko ngo-1988.

Emva konyaka bafika HTML ulwimi kunye protocol efanelekileyo, yaba kwasekuqalekeni kwendalo of the World Wide Web.

Ngowe-1990, i-ARPANET yayidilikile, ekugqibeleni yokulahlekelwa NSFNet. Nge elinethoba asithoba kunyaka wokuqala, yonke idatha of World Wide Web waba ekhoyo phezu Internet. Kwaye emva kokudalwa isikhangeli kaMoses 1993, uthungelwano Internet ehlabathini sele uba zithandwa kakhulu kwaye zibe nokufumaneka kunyaka ngamnye.

Imigaqo jikelele ukuphunyezwa lobuchwepheshe ezi zinto zilandelayo: a umboneleli inkampani ethile linikeza ekupheleni abasebenzisi (iikhompyutha) ukufikelela kulwazi. Zonke iikhompyutha uqhagamshele kweeseva nkampani, uze - kwidilesi ingacelwa kwi-WAN. Ngaphezu koko, le dilesi ngokwayo ibe ngqo umncedisi hub (apho iqhele le resource) kunye nekhompyutha kuyo. Ngamanye amazwi, kukho amasebe inkqubo efanayo imithambo yegazi okanye unxulumano neuron ingqondo.

Ngoku ke uphuhliso Internet yenzelwe ukunyusa umthamo channel, ukuqaliswa nenguqulelo elandelayo ye IP protocol nokubunjwa siseko zomsebenzi ezikhoyo.