Yintoni i "ultra-high ibanga" yaye yintoni na okotshiweyo le microwave?

Ezama microwave - nto "frequency ultra-high." Abaninzi bacinga ukuba oku yinto enzima yentsimi abstruse of physics nemathematika, kwaye kungafuni bona. Noko ke, loo meko yahluke kakhulu. izixhobo microwave kudala ngokuqinileyo ebomini bethu, kwaye zifumaneka kuyo yonke. Kodwa yintoni na?

Uluhlu ezitsho microwave

Ingcaciso microwave - esiwubonayo ultra-high radiation magnetic, ezo zicwangciswe spectrum frequency phakathi UHF infrared nabakude-entsimini. Kwamaza yale lebanga ukusuka iisentimitha mathathu ukuya nawethu omnye. Kungenxa yoko le nto microwave maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba isentimitha kunye decimeter zamaza. Kule angaphandle zobugcisa uncwadi umbhalo microwave - microwave uluhlu. Kuyabonakala ukuba ngamaza incinane kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa amaza osasazo ngonomathotholo, abo ngokomyalelo amakhulu eziliqela leemitha.

Iimpahla microwave

Kunye ubude bayo, olu hlobo amaza - oluphakathi phakathi imiqondiso kwemitha kunye nonomathotholo ukukhanya, yaye ngenxa yoko ngayo iimpawu zazo zombini iintlobo. Ngokomzekelo, njengokuba ukukhanya, ezi amaza ukusasaza behamba endleleni ngqo kwaye kakhulu bonke ayangenana ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi izinto nzima. Ngokufanayo ekukhanyeni imitha, microwave ingqalelo, kubonakala, alaqhenqetha ngohlobo semitha. Nangona microwave kokuhlaziya igxininisa kwi "super" uluhlu-phezulu, eriyali ezininzi kunye nezixhobo radar izinto uguqulelo ezimbalwa enkulu yezibuko, iiglasi kunye nezinye izinto zokukhanyisa.

esizukulwaneni

Ekubeni imisebe ye iimayikhroweyivi kuyafana amaza erediyo, kwaye yenziwa iindlela ezifanayo. Ziqonde microwave kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamaza erediyo ingcamango yakhe yamandulo, kodwa ngenxa kuluhlu awongezelelekileyo kunokwenzeka ukwandisa ukwanela ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Ngokomzekelo, umqadi enye kuphela "athwale" ekunene ukuya amawaka izingxoxo zocingo ngaxeshanye. Ezifanayo iimayikhroweyivi kunye nokukhanya, lubonakaliswa ezixineneyo ulwazi eziphathwayo kwaba luncedo kubuchwepheshe radar.

Izicelo ze microwave in radar

Emazeni isentimitha kunye decimeter zibe ziye ndaba umdla ngemihla yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Nangona kukho imfuneko njengendlela esebenzayo ezintsha ubhaqo. Emva koko uphando microwave ukusetyenziswa kwabo radar. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba olunzulu, pulses ezimfutshane waqalisa isithuba, kwaye ke ezinye zezi reyi kurekhodwe emva kokubuya kwakhe izinto ezingaziwayo ezikude.

Ukusetyenziswa microwave ku ngocingo

Njengokuba besesitshilo, ziqonde UHF - aqhelelkileyo ultra. Iinjineli namabugcisa bagqiba ukusebenzisa ezi amaza erediyo ngenxa. Kuwo onke amazwe basebenzise ngenkuthalo umgca unxibelelwano yorhwebo ngokusekelwe ukudluliselwa ophezulu-otshangatshangiswayo bands. Imiqondiso Ezo nto zomphezulu igophe komhlaba kunye umgca othe ngqo kwizitishi zonxibelelwano relay abakwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngamathuba malunga amahlanu neekhilomitha.

Awunayo kufuneka izixa ezikhulu lombane transmission, ekubeni iimayikhroweyivi ukuvumela ulwamkelo esinda ezijoliswe nangokusulela, kwakunye kwizikhululo yokukhulisa zenziwa ngekhompyutha phambi kudluliswa. Inkqubo ye-eriyali, ezinde, zidlulisele baze abanye balwamkele zibonakala ayabiza, kodwa kuyanceda amandla lwazi enjalo amajelo.

Isicelo ezitsho microwave entsimini lonxibelelwano satellite

Inkqubo iinqaba kanomathotholo ukuthumela imiyalezo microwave phezu imigama elide khona kuphela emhlabeni. Kuba thethwano InterContinental usebenzisa iisathelayithi ezenziwe, abakulo orbit komhlaba kwaye enze imisebenzi abaphindayo. satellite nganye inikezela amawaka aliqela amajelo onxibelelwano ezikumgangatho ophezulu kubaxumi bayo ekudluliseni isiginali kamabonakude kunye zocingo kanyekanye.

izinto zonyango Ubushushu

Imizamo yokuqala ukusebenzisa microwave ezitsho zokwenza ukutya yadla HIV, kunye nokuba nomdlandla. Microwave eziko namhlanje isetyenziswa njenge ikhaya, yaye ishishini ukutya enkulu. Eyenziwe izibane eliphezulu-amandla, amandla electronic buzinze umthamo omncinci, nto leyo evumela imveliso thermally baphathwe uhlambulukileyo yena, compact kunye cwaka.

Comment = Yakhelwe-in-onti into ethandwa indlu, kwaye zifumaneka amakhitshi ezininzi. Kwakhona izixhobo injongo ezifana zoluntu zisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iindawo apho zokufudumeza nokulungisa ukutya ngokukhawuleza. Microwave eziko ne pfumerile, umzekelo, kusemini kunyanzelekile ukuba kubekho elementi ngokuphathelele yokutyela.

Eyona engundoqo imithombo radiation

Inkqubela kokusetyenziswa iimayikhroweyivi lu dityanisiwe nezinye izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezifana magnetron klystron kwaye oko usike isixa esikhulu wamandla aqhelelkileyo. Sebenzisa i magnetron zisekelwe kumgaqo kwisisu resonant, apho udonga lo inductance, kwaye isithuba phakathi kweendonga - capacitance circuit resonant. Imilinganiso lwesi sakhi zikhethwa kwi-frequency efanelekileyo microwave resonant, nto leyo ahambisana umlinganiselo ofunekayo phakathi capacitance kunye inductance.

Ngenxa yoko, zokucazulula le microwave - aqhelelkileyo kakhulu. Ubungakanani yomvelisi kuchaphazela ngqo amandla radiation enjalo. Magnetrons ezincinane ezitsho aphezulu ezincinane ukuze igunya labo abakwazi ukufikelela inqanaba eyanelisayo. Ingxaki kwakhona kubalulekile usebenzisa iimagnethi enzima. Le klystron engagqibekanga isonjululwe, njengoko kule ezinye izixhobo ze-elektroniki Akuyomfuneko esigangeni lwangaphandle.