Yintoni dyslexia? Dyslexia Abantwana: Iimpawu and Treatment

Abantu abaninzi baye bengazi into dyslexia. Kodwa kukho abo azibonela nazo esi sifo ethile, esizibonakalisa ekungakwazini kukaZwilakhe ndifane ukufunda. Dyslexia kubantwana esizibonakalisa iimpazamo gqolo ezazibangelwa kukugula okanye ikuphwe kakubi imisebenzi nasengqondweni, nto leyo bajongene inkqubo yokufunda. Ukuhlukunyezwa ungafiimaneka okanye enaso, waphawula abantwana abakhubazeke ngokwasengqondweni kunye nabantwana kunye okrelekrele yesiqhelo ngokupheleleyo. Oko kukuthi dyslexia, zayo izinto, iimpawu, iintlobo kunye neendlela Ukupheliswa iya kuthi kweli nqaku.

umyalezo weimeyile

Ngokufuthi sifo isegazini, oko kukuthi, ekuqaleni kwasekwa izakhono zokufunda egqwethekileyo. Dyslexia kubantwana kule meko ngenxa yezizathu zebhayoloji. Child Esibelekweni zingenzeka ukwenzakala ebuchotsheni, luvo esizakukhokelela kwamanani. Ngenxa yoko, icandelo lobuchopho onoxanduva kwimisebenzi zengqondo ababandakanyekayo ekubunjweni izakhono zokufunda ubunzima.

Ilahleko okanye ukuphazamiseka ekuqaleni ngokuchanekileyo kwakhiwa ubuchule kusisiphumo ifuthe imiba yezentlalo kunye nasengqondweni, nto leyo iquka ukungahoywa emfundo, ukungabikho nabo ilizwi hospitalism syndrome kunye like. Dyslexia ngabantwana esikolweni ukuphuhlisa ukuba zibekwe phezu kwabo ezifunwa kakhulu ekufundiseni ukufunda nokubhala, ukuqeqesha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, umntwana kukho imo maladjustment engqondweni. Ngokuhlangana kunye neemeko ezimbi zentlalo, oku kuthetha nengxaki ukuvela ezifana dyslexia kunye dysgraphia. Xa abantwana, data disorder kwiminyaka yakutshanje kakhulu ize ekuhleni.

symptomatology

Iimpazamo xa ufunda - akukho zonke ezibonisa sifo. Iingcali cinga ingxaki ngokubanzi, kuthetha imiqondiso lwezonyango, leyo soloko ilandelwa yi dyslexia. Iimpawu, umzekelo, iquka encephalasthenia, infantilism izangoma. kukwaphula ngqo wobuchule yokufunda iya kuboniswa isindululo olucothayo lo msebenzi kwentetho kwaye inani elikhulu iimpazamo ezahlukeneyo. Amaqela eziliqela zingahlukaniswa phakathi kwabo:

• ukuxuba ukufaka noonobumba abazimeleyo izandi ezifanayo mkhombe;
• Ezitshintshwayo oonobumba yayichaza efanayo;
• ezingenziwanga lobeko / ukudibanisa amalungu kunye neeleta, ngamanye uhlaba isakhiwo yesandi-syllabic;
• iingxaki ngamazwi ukuqonda kokufunda, izivakalisi, itekisi xa kungekho zokuphula lwezixhobo zokufunda ;
• agrammatism, ukufunda esipilini.

indlela Clinical kwengqondo

Ukuze uqonde into dyslexia, kufuneka bacinge ngeendlela ezahlukileyo. Ke rhoqo, esi sifo kwenzeka ebantwaneni kunye nezigulo systemic luvo system (kwentamo, esebenza, zasekuhlaleni, organic). Ezi kids ubunzima ukusilela kwenxenye imisebenzi eziphezulu yengqondo, uneengxaki uzinzo kunye nokulawula ukuhamba iinkqubo ngengqondo. Kwakhona, abantwana ezineefitsha zophendlo lwezifo kwisigaba ngokweemvakalelo: ubuthathaka yokuqiqa ngamazwi ubhalo kunye nomfanekiso-obonakalayo, lithathelwe eziqhelekileyo okulungileyo kwiimeko zemihla ngemihla, kunye maladjustment yesikolo njalo njalo. Abantwana kufuneka yemizobo ngomlomo memory intsilelo ayoneli kunye nobuchule obubonwayo.

Abaphengululi abaninzi baye bahlanganisa sigulo kuphuhliso elingonelanga iingxaki zolwimi kunye nokufunda oluthethwayo phakathi izinto ekuthethwe imibutho zvukobukvennyh nokungaphuhli, kwakunye nokunyhashwa zokucazulula phonetic. Abantwana bafumana ubunzima kunye nokusekwa ikhowudi imbalelwano (unobumba-isandi) kwaye ayikwazi zokusebenzisa le nkqubo. Ngenxa yoko, baye kunciphise umsebenzi kwengqondo.

ukufunda nokukwazi

Ukudlala isandi uhlobo ilizwi, ngokusekelwe imifanekiso yakhe graphic - oku ukufunda. Le nkqubo kwengqondo kunye nokomzimba isakhiwo malunga le leta. Xa ubhala, intsingiselo okucacileyo zabalinganiswa alfabhethi, yaye xa ufunda, siyayiqonda intsingiselo ngokusebenzisa kwimbono oonobumba.

Kwinkqubo ukufunda rechesluhovoy kwakubandakanya, rechezritelny, Speech Analyzers. Ukuze ufunde, kufuneka ukuhamba amehlo akho, ukufumana phambili (antipatsiya) kunye ukubuyela (parameter nganye). Ukuba inkululeko intshukumo anqongophele ngenxa okubhaliweyo iliso, inkqubo ukufunda yaphulwe; ngokuba umbono lo gama kuthatha indawo ngqo ngexesha nitrogen, oko kukuthi, xa amehlo bayeke kumgca. Inani fixations ixhomekeke kwindlela eziqhelekileyo amagama, isakhiwo yazo njalo njalo. N. Iileta kwisenzo ilizwi njengoko amanqaku esalathisi. Xa sifunda, ngoko ningaqiqi thina sonke oonobumba, kodwa lubalaseleyo kuphela.

ngezigaba

Ngokusekelwe ukunyhashwa imisebenzi kwengxelo ngexesha ukufunda, baye ezabelwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngezifo. Makhe siqwalasele nganye ngokweenkcukacha.

1. dyslexia wokubonisa

Iimpawu yale fom kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba abantwana abakwazi ngokuchanekileyo ukuqonda umfanekiso graphic kwaye lokuyivelisa okubonwayo, ukuba unengxaki yokufunda oonobumba. Kids babhidanisa oonobumba ukuba abe ukufana lomzobo, kwaye akakwazi ukwahlula phakathi iimpawu zazo okubonakalayo. Aba bantwana Asikwazi kuyondelelaniswe ezibonwayo kunye nohlalutyo.

2. Lwati dyslexia

Esi sifo ezinxulumene ne lokungaphuhliswa imisebenzi inkqubo yezandi, ezibandakanya:

• Hlukile - ukukwazi masihambelane zizifundo ezithile phonemes ingqiqo xa utshintsho elinye okanye ukulandelelana iiyunithi phoneme isandi ibangela utshintsho intsingiselo;
• kuphakanyiswa sluhoproiznositelnyh - ukukwazi ukwahlula phonemes articulatory kunye acoustically;
• Uhlalutyo yezandi - ukukwazi ukuba babeke amazwi zibe phonemes zabo enqila.

Abantwana abasoloko ubunzima sluhoproiznositelnyh iyantlukwano uhlalutyo lwezandi. Kwimeko yokuqala, kubonakala izandi ezifanayo edidayo ive-articulatory, ukufunda oonobumba, oonobumba kudlula kwi ekudibaneni kwawo, lobeko lwe izandi kunye amagama. Kwimeko yesibini, abantwana bafumana ubunzima kunye nkcazelo:

• ubukho okanye ukungabikho ephilileyo;
• indawo baphile igama (ekuqaleni, phakathi, isiphelo);
• sound wokuqala / wokugqibela;
• Oku kulungisiweyo umsindo;
• inani elipheleleyo ngezandi;
• indawo a isandi ilizwi intlonipho kwabanye (asebumelwaneni) izandi.

3. dyslexia Agrammaticheskaya

Amaxesha amaninzi le fomu kwenzeka ebantwaneni kunye jikelele ukuphazamiseka yokuthetha. Oku kubangelwa wokungaphuhliswa ukugwegweleza syntactic kunye morphological inkqubo yokuthetha-ntetho. Abantwana lesi sifo kwinkqubo ukufunda utshintsho neziphelo ityala kunye nenani izibizo, izichazi, kwaye bavumelane kwizibizo ephosakeleyo kwi isini, kunjalo, inani, ukutshintsha isiphelo generic kwezimelabizo, iintlobo, iintlobo kunye ezenzi.

4. dyslexia Scale

Kukulungiswa onokugula okunjalo kufuna indlela eyahlukileyo kancinane kunokuba kwezinye iimeko, ngenxa yokuba olu hlobo isigulo iingxaki aqonde umxholo kanye kunye nentsingiselo yetekisi, nangona Nngokobuchwepheshe umfundi ofunda isicatshulwa ngokuchanekileyo. Ezahlukeneyo zokuphula:

• ukufunda ngokuthi amalungu, xa umntwana gqolo uthetha amalungu, kodwa ayikwazi ukuhlanganisa kubo ibe yonke olunentsingiselo, kwaye ngoko ngeke ukufunxa ulwazi ngelixa ukufunda, oko kukuthi, kukho yobunzima zvukoslogovogo yokuqaphela;
• ukufunda amagama ngokupheleleyo, xa umntwana akakwazi ukubakho ngokucacileyo ubudlelwane syntactic ngaphakathi isigwebo, oko kukuthi, onke amazwi ebona ayikho ngokudibene ngamazwi asebumelwaneni bodwa;
• ukuhlanganiswa iinketho zokuqala ezimbini xa ufunda iisilabhili kulandelwa ukungaqondi intsingiselo ukumelwa ungapheleli yobudlelwane syntactic kwizivakalisi.

5. mnesticheskimi dyslexia

Le ukuhlukunyezwa ibangelwa iingxaki kunye nenkumbulo ngomlomo, ngenxa apho umntwana kunzima lokusekwa ubudlelwane phakathi umfanekiso olubonakalayo ngoonobumba nezandi. Kwizikolo awukhumbuli le ncwadi, ithatha xa ufunda ezinye, bedidekile.

6. dyslexia lafaka

Sigulo yale hlobo ekuso ukuba uyimfama. Xa ufunda abantu abanjalo ukusebenzisa inkqubo imbono kunye sensorimotor olubonakalayo (funda ngenxa iminqweno nebonakalayo). Noko ke, uphando lubonisa ukuba abantwana eyimfama dyslexia kwizinto zabo akukho kwahluka iingxaki intetho evela kubantwana hayi ingomso. Xa disorder lafaka, ingxaki eziphambili - yaphula ileta ingqalelo loonobumba Braille (-nzulu French weza ngefonti oyivileyo kubantu abangaboniyo). abantwana Blind phambi dyslexia kwi ukufunda amagama ulahlekelwa, xanisa iileta rhoqo musa ukugqiba de kube sekupheleni igama uzame ukuthelekelela oko. Ngelo ukuhlukunyezwa efanayo xa uhambisa iminwe kula abantwana kunxibelelana ukutyeshelwa ngexesha intshukumo eye yenzeka xa abantwana ababona ukubandezeleka ukusuka sigulo (ukuba kuvandlakanywa nge emehlweni ujikelezo ingalawuleki nokubuy'umva rhoqo).

Dyslexia: unyango

Ukuhlukunyezwa ube yingxaki ubomi, kodwa abanye abantu ukulawula ukuphuhlisa izakhono zokufunda esebenza. Ukanti uninzi dyslexics efunekayo kwinqanaba lokufunda nokubhala soze kufikelelwe. Ukuphucula imeko, kuyimfuneko ukuba balungise ngokupheleleyo yonke inkqubo yemfundo. Abantwana lesi sifo kufuna ukusetyenziswa iindlela ngqo nengxelo- zokufundisa wokunakana amagama kunye ukuyilwa kwezakhono ekwahluleni udweliso amagama. Lokufundisa ngqo usebenzisa iteknoloji phonetic ezizodwa, non-buciko ukufunda. uqeqesho ngokungathanga kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa inkqubo ekhethekileyo, leyo yi iindlela ezithile phonetic banokufunda ukuba ukufunda

Ukuphelisa dyslexia yenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokubaphatha umntwana ngamnye kufuneka aphathwe ngabanye. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntu kwamkelwe ukuze kube indlela ebandakanya ukufunda ukufunda ngokukhawuleza amagama apheleleyo kunye namazwi, kodwa umntu ubuchule efanelekileyo esisebenzisa inkqubo oluneqela ngenxa yokufunyanwa kwezakhono zokufunda, xa umntwana wokuqala kufunda siqonde iiyunithi isandi, kwaye ke amazwi inikeza. Kwakhona kucetyiswa iinketho unyango apho isenzo wenziwe ngokukhawuleza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo amalungu nemizwa. Ke ukuba unyango lwesifo okanye ukusetyenziswa amakhambi ezifana noqeqesho optometric kunye ezifana, ukusebenza kwawo umhla ithe yaba.

Ekuphetheni

Abazali abaninzi boyika ukuba abantwana babo abafunyaniswe dyslexia. Ngenxa yoko abanye abantu abaninzi bafumana le ngezifo isigulo sengqondo. Noko ke, oko akunjalo. Kids ukuba disorder enjalo aphela rhoqo babonise izakhono kakhulu kwezinye iinkalo, ezifana physics, imathematika, umculo, ukupeyinta. Ngoko ke yintoni na dyslexia? Ingxaki ... okanye isipho? Cinga phambi kokuba uphendule.