Ucalulo lwesifo sephepha pulmonary

De kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, isifo sephepha kwakusithiwa unesifo esinganyangekiyo. Umntu onesifo kwesi sifo, umphefumlo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, bekuya kuba kunqweneleka ukuba sibe nethemba, wagqiba nesi sifo. Kodwa akunjalo. Nyaka ngamnye ehlabathini lonke, malunga nezigidi ezisithoba abantu abosulelekileyo kunye sephepha, ingakumbi kumazwe ngokwaneleyo. Die ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini ukusuka.

Abosulelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo umoya-esindayo, kwaye edibene isixa iintsholongwane eziyingozi emoyeni.

Ukuhlelwa sephepha kuxhomekeke kwifom layo, lo lwezonyango picture, ukwanda, njalo-njalo. iinkcukacha ngakumbi, siza kuyihl 'amahlongwane le mba ngezantsi.

Classification ekwavunyelwana Russia

Ukuhlelwa Classical kwezonyango nesifo VA Koshechkin kunye Z. A. Ivanovoy isekelwe phezu kwale zikhombisi zilandelayo:

• iimpawu kwezonyango inkqubo izifo;
• kwasendaweni yayo nokwabiwa;
• Isigaba flow;
• iindlela zophuhliso;
• ubukho bodwa bacteriological.

It iqulathe amacandelo amane:

1. iindlela zonyango.
2. Iimpawu yenkqubo sifo.
3. Iingxaki sesi sifo.
4. Utshintsho emzimbeni emva achache.

Le yokuhlela kusetyenziswa eRashiya ukususela banesifo.

iintlobo zonyango

Forms kuxhomekeke ezibonisa kwezonyango sifo kunye neempawu zayo indawo banikwa isifo inkqubo kuphawu izifo. Ukwahlula phakathi ukunxila kwabantwana nesifo sephepha, isifo sephepha le isixokelelwano sokuphefumla (imiphunga, noqhoqhoqho, bronchi), iindawo nkovu, inkqubo luvo kunye meninges, amathumbu kunye peritoneum, amalungu kunye namathambo, inkqubo enzala, ulusu, amehlo, kunye namanye amaziko.

uhlobo lwezonyango sephepha yemiphunga kuquka izifo ezifana nesifo sephepha ephambili, zasasazwa, miliary kwakhona focal, infiltrative, inyumoniya caseating, lung tuberculoma. Kwakhona ziquka i cavernous, ezinezikhondo-cavernous, isifo sephepha cirrhotic, kunye empyema. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha ngamnye kubo, njengoko ebaluleke ngokukodwa e-TB.

tuberculosis primary

Kukho sisifo xa bosulelwe iintsholongwane hayi abantu abosulelwe ngaphambili, apho okokuqala kukho yokusabela elihle tuberculin. Kulo mzekelo, usulelo ungena ezalathelwe nkovu kwaye ibangele ukudumba kwazo. Isifo akavumelekanga ukubonisa iimpawu okanye, icala, ukubonisa nangokurhala nokoyika emiphungeni.

tuberculosis eqonda

Isifo luphawulwa ukuvela kukho inani elikhulu izitshanguba umphunga, esebenza komtshiso okubangelwa amagciwane emithanjeni.

tuberculosis eqonda sibi, ezingapheliyo ngokubanzi. Kwiimeko ezininzi ukuwohloka lwempilo, kodwa inxalenye encinane abantu Usihlube sifo kuphela emva kokuba sicatshulwa ka-x reyi.

tuberculosis focal

Ukuhlelwa nesifo yemiphunga ichaza sisifo sephepha kufako njengokuba isifo semiphunga evelayo okokuqala ngokuchasene nentsukaphi kwezinye iintlobo sifo kwaye zibonakaliswa umtshiso nemveliso welungu sokuphefumla. Ngamanye amaxesha isifo sephepha focal entsha okanye engapheliyo. Iimpawu zesi sifo kuba, ngoko ngokufuthi nayo zafunyanwa kuphela ngexesha fluoroscopy.

tuberculosis infiltrative

Esi sifo idibanisa iinkqubo ukuba amaziko ezininzi nangokurhala, nosebenza kuzo nomhlehlo kwaye iqhubeka.

tuberculosis Infiltrative lirhangqwa, cloud-, bronholobulyarnym kwaye ngazo Lobito (infiltartom ebanzi, abahlala yonke isabelo). Amaxesha amaninzi ezinjalo tuberculosis kwenzeka phantsi ngesebe zezinye izifo, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba enze uviwo X-reyi kwaye nohlalutyo isikhohlela yesigulane.

inyumoniya caseous

Isifo luphawulwa ubukho kwiindawo necrotic emiphungeni, nto leyo sinotyekelo kavernizatsii. Olu hlobo lwesifo sephepha yeyona olunzima kakhulu ukususela kwikhosi ezahlukeneyo zosulele eqhubekayo. Kuyinto lobar kunye lobular.

Izifo iqala wayibona, kukho ukunxila, kubonakala ubovu isikhohlela ugalelwe igazi. Ngemihla okuqala uxilongo sifo kunzima, kuba indlela phendla ezimbi ukuze tuberculin.

tuberculoma

Ucalulo lweendlela sephepha yemiphunga ichaza tuberculoma njenge sifo kunye uhlobo nazimpawu ezingapheliyo yokudweba zidlule. Kuyinto uzinzile, regressing inkqubela. Isifo luphawulwa ubukho eziqinileyo okanye nakujoliso olutsha ngamnye emiphungeni izicwili ezingqongileyo.

tuberculosis cavernous

Esi sifo sizibonakalisa bubukho egumbini umoya ngaphandle ukudumba ezindongeni kunye nezihlunu emiphungeni. Ukuba konke oku enxulumene abanesigulo kunye nakujoliso olutsha eziliqela iyilwe, ezifana nesifo ekuthiwa fibrocavernous. Le nkqubo ezingapheliyo.

Bekela bucala olunemida kwaye ngokufanayo sifo. tuberculosis Cavernous izenzo ngenxa yonyango kwezinye iintlobo sifo kunye nazimpawu.

tuberculosis cirrhotic

Luphawulwa isifo enkulu abanesigulo lung, apho waphilisa apho nakujoliso olutsha kwisisu esebenzayo. izifo ezithile kokuba ngohlobo ukudumba emiphungeni kunye bronchi. TB Cirrhotic lilinganiselwe kwentamo. Uyagula bandiqumbise ukusilela yokuphefumla kunye nokudumba amalungu zifo. Waphawula ngophawu lung kwizicwili.

unepleurisy

Esi sifo kukukrala yayiyazi loo pleura, nokuba iingxaki ezingapheliyo ezivela TB. Nika ezi fom:

• Unepleurisy owomileyo;
• effusion pleural;
• empyema.

Ukuhlelwa isifo sephepha yemiphunga kuchaza igama njengoko ukudumba ogqithela kwisisu pleural, ebangela ubungozi kunye nokwanda em- fluid pleural.

Iimpawu yenkqubo sifo

Ukuhlelwa abalinganiswa clinical TB yenkqubo yayo ixhomekeke kubukho okanye ukungabikho MBT (mycobacteria) kwi umbandela esithathwe umguli. Kukho kuthathelwa ingqalelo ixesha inkqubo sifo, kwaye nendawo izilonda. Nikelani ingqalelo phambi kwezimvu nezibhaxu kwimimandla echaphazelekayo.

ukungaphili

Xa indima iingxaki ezinokubangela izifo zezi zilandelayo:

• Hawking igazi;
• ukopha emiphungeni;
• pneumothorax ngequbuliso;
• fistulas;
• atelectasis;
• pulmonary, uxabane ukusilela intliziyo;
• amyloidosis, nokunye.

Ezi mpawu sikhatshwe sifo kuzo zonke izigaba zophuhliso yayo, konke kuxhomekeke amajoni omzimba yesigulana.

Utshintsho emva kokugula

Emva nokuphola tuberculosis bangafumana utshintsho kwezinye amalungu. Umzekelo, ungafumana:

• ubukho calcification kwiindawo nkovu kunye nemiphunga,
• kwesibindi,
• abanesigulo, sisiba mandundu kunye nezinye utshintsho kwisiqwenga sokuphefumla.

Kwaye yayenze kumacandelo awohlukeneyo, calcification yazo njalo njalo.

Classification unkontsho - Gerhard

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, ukuqaphela uhlobo elunkontshweni - Gerhard, olusekelwe phezu thiyori ukuqhubela lwesifo sephepha miphungeni. Kuyinto elula ngokufanelekileyo kwaye igxininisa indima ukunwenwa kwesifo sephepha ngakumbi ngumlomo.

Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, lo mbono sele luye lwabonisa, waza waqalisa ukusetyenziswa olunye uhlobo lwesifo sephepha. Tubran and Gerhard wayekholelwa ukuba esi sifo okokuqala luchaphazela amalungu aphezulu emiphungeni (kwinqanaba lokuqala sifo), yaye emva koko ihamba kwicandelo eliphakathi (isigaba sesibini), emva koko kuchaphazela umzimba uphela (eqongeni wesithathu).

Ukuhlelwa Modern sephepha

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba usebenzise indlela yokuhlela ngamazwe sephepha, uyaqhubeka kuphuhlise. Ngokutsho kwakhe, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo sephepha zichongwa ipateni eyenziwa oonobumba kunye neenamba. Kuye kwamkelwa ngo-1973 kwaye iquka iinxalenye ezine (A, B, C, D).

Ukuhlelwa TB ngokuhambelana zokuhlela ngamazwe izifo, zibonakaliswe ngamanani. Umzekelo, i-cipher A15-A16 kubonisa TB isifo sokuphefumla.

Amanye amazwe asebenzise uhlobo lwesifo sephepha, eziqhuma ifomu otshabalalisayo non-etshabalalisayo kuyo. Ifomu yokuqala lwakukhula umaleko necrotic, nto leyo udlulele umaleko kwilaphu ezilula. Apha, zikho iindawo yinyumoniya, utshintsho kwi bronchi. Ngoko ke, iintlobo etshabalalisayo ziquka cavernous, isifo sephepha cirrhotic kunye fibro-cavernous.

Ngenxa yoko, isifo namhlanje sisifo ezinobungozi apho sivela kumntu onakaliswe zamathontsana emoyeni. Esi sifo iintlobo eziliqela emikhakheni. Oko kunokuthi kwenzeke iimpawu kakuhle okanye akukho kwaye kungakhokelela kubunzima ezahlukeneyo kunye nokufa.