Uphi na Kandalaksha Bay? Inkcazelo, iimpawu, iifoto

Uphi na Kandalaksha Bay? Le ise kumntla-ntshona woLwandle White, phakathi kunxweme akumazantsi Kola lizwe (Kandalaksha unxweme) kunye unxweme Karelia. Ubude ummandla wamanzi we-185 km, yaye ububanzi nomnyango km 67. Gulf kuzala, kwasekwa amawaka-10. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, emva kokurhoxa glacier, kakhulu dissected yi imifula ezincinane (imilebe), emanzini kukho amakhulu iziqithi ezincinane, Nqabakazi kunye namatye amaninzi kwamanzi.

feature

In Kandalaksha Bay ise inxalenye zinzulu yoLwandle White. Nzulu le mitha 200 emazantsi iphumela ukusuka kwindawo elwandle. Le ndawo iza phantse ukuya kumbindi weli bay. Kwintshona yale ukudakumba ukudakumba zinzulu (343 m). Nangona kunjalo, ubunzulu enjalo ngakumbi ngaphandle ngaphezu mthetho. Ubukhulu avareji ummandla wamanzi we-20 m, unxweme ngayo noko uyancipha yaye ifikelela kwi-10 m nzulu Littoral -. It ingachazwa Kandalakshsky bay. ukufikelwa Hot ngokuqhelekileyo ubukhulu 1.8-2 m, kodwa kukho abo oya kufikelela-3 m. wave noTidali yamgxotha umkayo, wemka Belomorian emqaleni, uqhebeke kumzantsi ntshona. Ngexesha avareji amaqondo obushushu amanzi ehlotyeni ifikelela 14-15 ° C, emanzini ezincinane iindawo kukhuseke ukuze yothani ku-25 ° C.

features zezulu

Imozulu Gulf ulula kakhulu, imozulu iya kutshintsha kakhulu ngenxa nokuhamba iinkanyamba kunye notshintsho rhoqo kwicala umoya. Impembelelo ye-Gulf Stream zinefuthe kule ngingqi, ukusa kumkhamo ongaphantsi kwe kwi Murmansk kunxweme. Julayi lobushushu Umyinge - 13-14 ° C, ngoFebruwari - ukususela -10 ° C ukuya -12 ° C. Iqabaka-free ithuba ihlala iintsuku 110-120. Kandalaksha Bay igutyungelwe womkhenkce kunyaka abandayo phakathi ku-Oktobha, ngexesha efudumeleyo - nkqu ngoDisemba ekuqaleni January. Ukunyibilika ngokuqhelekileyo noza kuqhutywa kwinyanga kaCanzibe.

Uphuhliso bonxweme

Area of the Kola Peninsula kuhlale abantu kungekudala emva ukunyibilika le glacier - kwi VII-VI nkulungwane BC. e., kwi Mesolithic. KwiNyoba lweziza zindala zakudala asusela ekuqaleni Iron Age. On Bear Island kwi XVII-XVIII iinkulungwane zesilivere yayiveliswa, kodwa oovimba bayo babesebancinane. Uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yaqala emva ukwakhiwa ngo-1915-1916 ye-Murmansk kaloliwe. Kwi iibhanki kwiminyaka 1910-1938 baba ukungena esebenzayo. Ngoku nge Kandalaksha Bay kubanjwe kwindlela yothutho ebalulekileyo ukuba baphathe oyile kunye nezinye iimpahla. zibuko Kandalaksha ukwakweli incam ntshona ndawo.

esakhe

Ngowe-1932 ekuwo yadalwa amanzi Gulf kunye iziqithi ukukhusela eider mass yokwakha Kandalaksha Reserve. Kwixesha elizayo, ubukhulu kwemimandla ekhuselweyo anda, efikelela kude 70 lamawaka. Iihektare. Fishing emanzini yapheliswa ngowe-1957. Phakathi ezikhumbuzo zendalo yonxweme kunye ziziqithi ezili zokuphuma ukuya phezu komhlaba matye yamandulo, ubudala 3 billion. Years.

iimpawu

Gulf ugu iphezulu elulwalwa, ukuphakama umyinge nasemaweni Karelian unxweme - 100-300 m, kunye Kandalaksha -. 175-600 m oyaluzisa ukuqukuqela kwi Kandalaksha Bay ukuba umlinganiswa othile. stream uya kusuka kuLwandle White. Ihamba ukuya emantla ngesantya elisezantsi. Ukuba sithobela ulwalathiso yakhe, oko kuya kukhokelela ekubeni kwicala elingasempuma lizwe Turiy. Ziyafika kuvunyelwane kolwandle umva.

umhlaba emifuno

amanzi onxweme becala abagubungela amahlathi coniferous (ikakhulu nompleyini), xa eziphakamileyo indawo amagqabi eliphantsi. Kwi ezibhankini iziqithi zikhula iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-630 izityalo eziphezulu, olubalelwa 55% yabo izilwanyana zizonke kummandla Murmansk. Kandalaksha Bay sise kwisiphambuka kwiingingqi ezimbini floristic - Nordic kunye Arctic. Ebekelwe bucala ifumaneka 25 izityalo zikho, kuquka kajongilanga Arctic, iintlobo ezintlanu Marsh orchid, iintlobo ezimbini yefeni, peony ingcambu ka Marin. Ukongeza, kukho iindawo emahlathini wayifulela Slipper nenekazi (ukuya iikopi ezimbini okanye amawaka amathathu kwindawo enye) kunye nomnye neentlobo ezinqabileyo iqhume - epipogium itshazile.

jikelele silwane

Le zezilwanyana iquka iintlobo-170 ka ezanyisayo, iintlobo 240 zeentaka (kubandakanywa ezifudukayo), iintlobo ezimbini ezirhubuluzayo, ezintathu - eziphila. Phakathi izilwanyana ezinkulu - ixhama, ibhere, ingqawa, wolverine, ingcuka. Ezinye uthela bahlala kwiziqithi, ukunqumla rhoqo phezulu Kandalaksha bay qubha kunxweme. abaxhaphaza Small: impungutye, weasel, marten, weasel, zona kwi North ngoboya American. Ezinoboya-ethwele izilwanyana - nomvundla, ohlala phezu konxweme iziqithi namaplanga kunye muskrat, awayengabemi amachibi. Xa amanzi Gulf of ephilileyo imivundla yolwandle namatywina engqongwe. Phakathi iintlobo zeentaka ezidweliswe kwiNcwadi oluBomvu, kukho ukhozi emhlophe-ezinomsila, eagle yegolide, nesangxa, nenkqo, kestrel, isikhova, nefubesi ngekhephu, loon otyheli-ibhili, nogwidi crested, irhanisi barnacle, weentaka zaselwandle kunye sisimumu, crane hina.

In Kandalaksha Bay zifumaneka iintlobo 30 iintlanzi, kodwa inani labo lincinane. Ngokufuthi, wafumana White Sea cod zidala ngezizathu kwi Nqabakazi zezona herring Sea White. Emilonyeni yemilambo omiweyo yi flounder olwahlala emgangathweni wolwandle - flounder polar. Emachibini enxulumene elwandle, trout ubomi kunye trout omdaka, leli lokugcina wondla ixesha elide emanzini olwandle.