Uphi injengenqaba "Burj Khalifa": isixeko kunye nelizwe

Uluntu kudala efuna ukuba benyuka baya ezulwini, bayahlelwa elibuhlungu nabakhi kwiNqaba yaseBhabheli akazange aphozise lokuphathana nabalandeli babo. Ukususela mzuzu xa ukwakhiwa izakhiwo baba wobugcisa kunokwenzeka, amazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemizi zikhuphisana ngamaxesha athile, nokumisela lokwakha unewonga kunabantu bonke. Kule minyaka mi-5 idlulileyo (2010) umnini irekhodi injengenqaba "Burj Khalifa" e Dubai: kwisakhiwo esinemigangatho-164, 828 iimitha aphezulu - ipateni kunzima ukudlala.

isakhiwo grand

Isicwangciso lokufuna ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo iphakamileyo ehlabathini weza ngo-2002 yaye ngo-2004 sele waqala ukwakha, ukuya pretty ngokukhawuleza: le veki zakhiwa 1-2 umgangatho, yaye bekucingelwa ukuba ukuvulwa ziya kuqhubeka ngoSeptemba 9, 2009 (ekubonakala, yiko aphefumlelweyo nines abathathu umhla), kodwa umntu iceba uthixo Uchitha.

Noko ke, abakhi Andinaxesha ngayo ngexesha, kwaye isiganeko esinyanisekileyo kwafuneka ukuba elinye ngoJanuwari 4 kunyaka ozayo. Ekuqaleni le nqaba "Burj Khalifa" ubizwa plain kuthiwa nje "Dubai", kodwa inkqubo nokuvulwa UAE, iNkulumbuso wathi ukuba izibophelele kamongameli, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, banqula igama athe ngayo eyaziwa namhlanje.

Ngexesha ulwakhiwo ephakeme yokugcina kwesakhiwo kugcinwa ziyimfihlo. Le projekthi, wayilwa ngumzobi American E. Smith, ukuvumela ukuba asebenzise kubude spire, ngoko ke bemeko- phantse akukho umngcipheko: ukuba okhuphisana, Tower "Burj Khalifa 'a' ungokhulileyo 'ngenxa iimitha ezimbalwa.

ezibizayo

Grand iindleko zokwakha isiqingatha billion zeedola - kodwa isixa oku, kuyabonakala ukuba, ingaba kuba inkulu kakhulu ukuba developers yomsebenzi ehlawulwa oluntu nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi (ngaphandle ikakhulu ukusuka eMzantsi Asia).

Lo matshini Western umane waphakamisa ingxolo: ngo-2006, amaNgesi "Guardian" epapashwe ukuba abasebenzi abafumana ukuya iikhilogram-3 ngosuku (uyakwazi unokuyithelekelela indlela embi ngayo uyabonga IsiNgesi), kunye BBC ingxelo neemeko ezimandundu apho esetyenziselwa ukuhlala abantu abathatha inxaxheba ekwakheni .

Xa web uyakwazi ukufumana okuninzi lwamanqaku malunga inyaniso ugly udakada kwemi yayo ebengezelayo le nqaba "Burj Khalifa". Ilizwe kunye umzi apho kukho ulwakhiwo, musa nomtsalane kakhulu kubo.

Ukususela ukwakhiwa iiphiramidi, omncinane itshintshile ...

Kukho ubungqina bokuba abasebenzi abasebenza iiyure ezili-12 ngosuku yaye wamkela malunga $ 200 ngenyanga (sothelekiso: ingeniso avareji abemi UAE - ngaphezu $ 2000). Ngaphezu koko, le mali engahlawulanga ngexesha, Balisusa ngoko yokundwendwela yaye ukuphendula uqhushululu ngokubasongela kuphela ukugxothwa. Ngaphandle koku, phantse bonke abasebenzi bokwakha baya ugwayimbo yaye abasusa ngoMatshi 2006 umonakalo owenziwe bavukeli, kuqikelelwa kwi kwesiqingatha sesigidi leeponti.

Ngokutsho HRW (Human Rights Watch), ukhuseleko non-sothotyelo uye kukhokelele iingozi ezininzi, kodwa ngokusemthethweni kuqinisekiswa ngesiganeko esinye kuphela esibulalayo, oludityaniswe kunye nqaba "Burj Khalifa": ilizwe, nomzi, nto leyo likhaya izakhiwo ezinkulu, wayindulula kuphela izityholo akuzami ukunika iinkcukacha zale ingqalelo lishwa. Umphumo waba ngaphezu kweento zonke, kwaye isiphelo Mathews indlela.

iziqhamo Sweet yabasebenzi okrakra

Ndimele ndithi ukuba ihlabathi oluphucukileyo, "kakhulu kuyakhathaza" malunga kwicala yokuziphatha yeshishini-ngqo Dubai kaThixo, wabonisa isimo sakhe okwenyaniso into eyenzekayo ngokuvota, njengoko bathi, iRandi. emva konyaka omnye, nasenqabeni "Burj Khalifa" kukho umvuzo ngomdla - nkqu inkqubo yokwakha kwesakhiwo kwindawo yayo sele ithengwe ngexabiso amawaka 40 eerandi square metre nganye ..

ufakelo encomekayo wenza ngokuqinileyo "Armani": oko enakho 37 imigangatho, kunye lokuqala ukuya-yethoba ezingamashumi amathathu (ngaphandle ezimbini zobugcisa we 17 th 18). Apha ibekwe ihotele uvelisa igama indlu edumileyo ifashoni (kuyilo amagumbi bafak 'isandla inkosi ngokwayo - Dzhordzho Armani), kwaye ii-ofisi zenkampani.

Ngelo inceba enikwa oosomashishini kwaye phantse yonke imigangatho ephezulu, ngokuqala we-111, kwaye ibekwe ngezantsi nje indlu, abanako ukuhlawula ezi oosozigidi kuphela. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umgangatho omnye wathenga ngokupheleleyo Indian moneybags Shetty.

Kwiqela ngalinye kwezakhiwo (zokuhlala, ii-ofisi kunye ihotele) - a yokungena eyahlukileyo. Yinto funny ukuba kumgangatho wokuqala nezokugqibela inxibelelanisa ilifti kuphela olunye, kunye nenkonzo. Ngoko ke, ukuba injongo ukuya phezulu, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukufakelwa. Yayifuna kakhulu, omnye kumaqonga ezimbini ukubukela lelona liphezulu ehlabathini, kwaye ke imbono kulo yinzwakazi. Ngenxa yale nto ke abakhenkethi othanda Tower "Burj Khalifa": Dubai mzi, elele ezantsi, i enhle. Eqongeni umele uchithe imini yonke, ixesha ayiphelelanga. Kodwa ke ukuba kuyo kuyingxaki, kunye nabahambi abanamava bayacetyiswa ukuba anyamekele amatikiti kwangaphambili.

Tower Okukodwa

Imeko ne bekwilift ngenxa uqwalaselo kwesakhiwo: sikhumbuza stalactite imilo, oko baqinis uncipha luze luphele steeple imitha-180. Ngexesha kulwakhiwo, kakade, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iindawo lwemozulu apho nqaba "Burj Khalifa": ezi iindawo bubushushu kakhulu nzima ubomi zabasebenzi. Kuba nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo usebenzisa eziphathekayo okhethekileyo into enokumelana ubushushu ukuya degrees 50. Akuphelelanga apho, xa obuthelwe isisombululo Kwakufuneka ukubeka loo maqhekeza omkhenkce batyumkileyo usebenze kuphela ebusuku, okanye amandla imveliso yokugqibela kuya kuba kude kakhulu kangangoko.

Isisombululo umdla wafunyanwa malunga nesibonelelo samanzi. Ukuqokelela amanzi emvula uze usebenzise yona ukuba ibe ezahlukeneyo iimfuno - asiyongcamango entsha, isetyenziselwa ixesha elide. Ingxaki yaba kuphela kukuba kwilizwe apho kukho inqaba "Burj Khalifa", imvula kungabonwa. Kodwa (kubonakala ndagqiba kwelokuba abathungi), apho kuya kubakho isixa esikhulu se amafu: injini lomoya 'licudisa "amanzi avela kwizakhiwo, nto leyo ithetha ukuba kufuneka iqokelelwe kwaye ugcine resource anqabileyo. Le mbono ngafakwa yokusebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu. Ke kaloku, ngenxa yokuba ezi uqoqosho ukulawula ukuqokelela malunga nezigidi ezingama-40 eelitha zamanzi ngonyaka ngamnye.

Umoya kuphela epholileyo, kodwa eliphekwe umoya kweso sakhiwo (ivumba ilungiselelwe ngokukodwa). Kodwa oko bekuya kuba nzima ukuphatha ukuba window eyodwa ayibonisi imitha yelanga. Xa ndawo, ukuba ilingana ezintathu zebhola, ubahlambe lonke ixesha: kufuneka iinyanga ezintathu ukuze kucocwe yonke, uze umsebenzi iqala kwakhona.

Makukhanye nendlala UAE

Ukwazi kwaye etyhila iimeko apho kwakukho inqaba "Burj Khalifa". Eli lizwe kuthiwa United Arab Emirates - enye bazizinhanha emhlabeni. isimo ezisemagqabini iinkosana asekuhlaleni ekudala engundaba mlonyeni, wathi ukwakheka ingqalelo luphawu amandla nemali.

Dubai City - Njengekomkhulu emirate kwegama elifanayo (ngurhulumente ngurhulumente) - le likhulu UAE kwaye mhlawumbi yeyona linamandla. Yena sele omnye kwabathathu amaziko inkulu ishishini kwingingqi (hayi noko ngenxa kwindawo kwindawo elula ultramodern izibuko ulwandle) yaye akayi ukuba ayeke khona, ukuzama ukoyisa obude ezintsha.

Ekubeni bonke ubuhle balo Dubai (apho nqaba "Burj Khalifa" neenqaba) ayikho ikomkhulu eli lizwe, enika uzuko Abu Dhabi, ikomkhulu emirate eponymous, ezona kwaye izityebi bonke. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, nto inika malunga ne-70% ye-GDP karhulumente xa iyonke.

neNgonyama Federal

Ndimele ndithi ukuqonda iyunithi ye-United Arab Emirates kuba baseYurophu akukho lula, kuba abanye gqith zasendle ngokupheleleyo lwentando yesininzi kunye neNgonyama ngokupheleleyo, yaye malunga nokulingana iiyunithi federal unemibuzo emikhulu. Ngoko ke, igunya engundoqo kwi-UAE iBhunga Ephakamileyo, nto leyo nto ndiyibhalayo iintloko (funda: asingookumkani) kuzo zonke ezisixhenxe Emirates. Kodwa izisombululo oko ezisemthethweni kuphela xa kukho abameli ezininzi 'epholileyo "e Abu Dhabi ne Dubai. Kunye ngokoyisa ngongoma lwentando lwembono kusenokwenzeka kakhulu. Kodwa ngokwembono ingqiqo - oko Kungokwemvelo ukuba aba emirate ukunika iikota ngaphezu ezintathu GDP. Ngubani na kodwa ukuba ukuchaza njengezazisi yophuhliso karhulumente?

ukwanda meteoric

Ngoku ke UAE siqalisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Bathi oku imozulu kwerhafu kuncomekayo, ubukho kuzo lurhwebo kunye nokungabikho uyilandela.

Kakade ke, ekuqaleni wanika uqoqosho ukuqala kwimveliso ye-oyile, kodwa ukuba kulandelwe ngqo izibakala, uRhulumente apho nqaba "Burj Khalifa", kwaye sinika ingqalelo ngenxa eminye imithombo yengeniso. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, phantse-30% ye-GDP lweenkonzo, kuquka ukhenketho, kunye akhawunti neoli ngaphantsi kwe ezilishumi.

urhwebo Emirates, luthathe, athenge ngeteknoloji entsha nokuphuhlisa - ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufekethe (ingakumbi ngokunxulumene abo ngomsebenzi wabo inika uphuhliso). I-UAE likhaya labantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-5. Hayi kakhulu, kodwa eli nani kufuneka mazingabhidaniswa inani labantu bemveli - nje abantu aba ngaphantsi kwe kwesigidi.

Ubulungisa, abaye bazizisulu ukusebenza

Akubuzwa ukuba wonke umsebenzi onzima kwenziwa kwi-UAE zivela kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo? Ukuba bafake njengoko Negros phezu emasimini, ngemilinganiselo yengingqi, wamkela idenariyo kwaye musa nalo ithuba ukuba iintsapho zabo apha: kurhulumente, apho nqaba "Burj Khalifa" - lizwe Arabhu a.

amalungelo Local mkhulu kangangokuba i-UAE angazishiyi, ngokuba kungekho nenye indawo ehlabathini kukho iimeko ezinjalo "hothouse". Kwiqula-ntle yabantu bomthonyama liphezulu kakhulu, enkosi (kubandakanywa)-nkqubo ethile karhulumente. Ukuze uvule ishishini kwi-UAE, kuyimfuneko ukuba zibe co-abanini abemi belizwe, kungekhona nje ngenxa show, kunye nesabelo ubuncinane 50%. Ngenxa amazinga aphezulu yophuhliso loqoqosho, Ndiwucele kakhulu - kwaye ngoku amalungiselelo zonke izifundo ngokugqibeleleyo.

Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba abakhenkethi UAE - iparadesi apho zonke iimeko ukuba mnandi, iholide ekhumbulekayo. Ngokwahlukeneyo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Dubai (kuba iimpendulo ezininzi) - isixeko freest kwi UAE, leyo ukuba inkululeko ezininzi apho ezinye Emirates, emveli angaphezulu ngokulula zikhale ngaphandle ngaphaya kwezitshixo. iihotele Luks, iilwandle, iindawo zentengiso, ukuzonwabisa - yonke into kwelona nqanaba liphezulu. Ngoko kakhulu yokuvela, inkonzo ebalaseleyo, kunye nezinye iziyolo alunakuqinisekiswa.