Umqambi Italian Verdi Dzhuzeppe: engobomi, ubuchule kunye ibali lobomi

Verdi Dzhuzeppe, ogama engobomi linikwa kwi nqaku - umqambi odumileyo Italian. Iminyaka yobomi bakhe - 1813-1901. A lot of imisebenzi ongenakufa Verdi Dzhuzeppe wadala. Biography umqambi Ngokuqinisekileyo uyakufanelekela ingqalelo.

Umsebenzi wakhe ithathwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu yophuhliso somculo kwenkulungwane ye-19 kwilizwe kwikhaya lakhe. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha bengxelo ngenkulungwane Verdi njenge umqambi. Ku kakhulu enxulumene uhlobo opera. Eyokuqala kwezi Verdi wadala, xa wayeneminyaka engama-26 ubudala ( "Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio"), kwaye yokugqibela wabhala iminyaka engama-80 ( "Falstaff"). Umbhali ye camera: 32 (kunye nemisebenzi lomhleli elitsha libhaliwe ngaphambili) yi Verdi Dzhuzeppe. ngobomi bakhe yaye kule mini umdla omkhulu, kunye nendalo Verdi kaThixo ngexesha lethu zifakiwe kwi yaba nkulu eziphambili ezinkundleni ehlabathini lonke.

Origin, ebuntwaneni

Giuseppe wazalelwa Roncole. Le lali kweli phondo Parma, eyayiyinxalenye ngexesha uBukhosi Napoleonic. Lo mfanekiso ubonisa indlu ngezantsi, apho umqambi wazalelwa kwaye wachitha yakhe iminyaka yobuntwana. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba uyise wakhokelela urhwebo sinokuya kwaye lokudidiyela iwayini.

Xa organist ibandla lendawo wafumana izifundo zakhe yokuqala umculo Verdi Dzhuzeppe. ngobomi bakhe kuphawulwa isiganeko yokuqala enkulu 1823. Loko umqambi elizayo yathunyelwa Busseto, esikwidolophu ekufutshane, apho waqhubeka izifundo zakhe kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-11, Giuseppe waqalisa ukubonisa italente somculo kubi. Loo mfana waba obambeleyo organist e Roncole.

Giuseppe A. Baretstsi waqaphela, otyebileyo yokurhweba Busseto, eyamnika uyise kwesitulo mfana waza waba nomdla omkhulu umculo. Umqambi elizayo unyanzelekile wafumana imfundo yabo zomculo kulo mntu. Baretstsi wamthabatha endlwini yakhe, waqesha inkwenkwana ukuba ngutitshala ongcono ukuba ahlawule kuqeqesho lwakhe eMilan.

Giuseppe waba umqhubi, abaqeqeshwe yi B. Lavigne

Xa ndandineminyaka engama-15 uye waba umqhubi iokhestra encinane Dzhuzeppe Verdi. liyaqhubeka biography emfutshane ngaye ukufika eMilan. Apha ke waya abahlobo kayise eqokelelweyo imali. Injongo Giuseppe wangena somculo. Noko ke, akazange kwamkelwa kwesi sikolo ngenxa yokunqongophala amandla. Noko ke, V. Lavigne Milanese umqhubi nomqambi, badumisa italente Giuseppe. Waqala ukubafundisa iingoma zakhe for free. ukubhala Opera kunye orchestration bafunda basisebenzise ezindlwini opera ka Milan Dzhuzeppe Verdi. biography emfutshane ngemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala kuphawulwa ukuvela kwiminyaka embalwa kamva.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Verdi kwixesha ukususela 1835 ukuya 1838 wayehlala Busseto waza wasebenza orchestra kamasipala. Giuseppe ngo 1837 wadala opera yakhe yokuqala ngokuba "Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio". Lo msebenzi ngafakwa iminyaka 2 eMilan. Yaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Ngokomyalelo "La Scala", yayingeyiyo Milan theatre, Verdi wabhala opera ehlekisayo. Walibiza "Ngengqondo eliyi, okanye ngenye imini kulawula." Wabekwa ngowe-1840 ( "uKumkani ukuba Usuku"). Esinye isithuba, opera "Nabucco" ithiwe thaca kwi-wonke ngo-1842 ( "uNebhukadenetsare"). It Umqambi yabonisa iminqweno kunye neemvakalelo yabantu Italian, abo kuloo minyaka baqalisa ukuba nzima ukuba inkululeko, kuba inkululeko kwidyokhwe Austria. Ababukeli babona iimbandezelo yamaYuda, zafakwa, umzekeliso Italy wabo lwanamhlanje. imiboniso zopolitiko Active kwavusa ikwayara amabanjwa yamaYuda umsebenzi. Okulandelayo Opera Giuseppe, "Lombardi elwela" Kwakhona uveza ikhwelo ekubhukuqekeni nguzwilakhe. Kuye owenziwa Milan ngo-1843. Kwaye e Paris, uhlelo lukawonke yesibini yale opera ballet ( "iYerusalem") yaye yaqaliswa ngowe-1847.

Ubomi e Paris, umtshato wakhe eGeorge. Strepponi

Kweli thuba ukususela 1847 ukuya 1849 waye kakhulu kwikomkhulu French Dzhuzeppe Verdi. Biography kunye nomsebenzi wakhe kweli xesha kuphawulwa iziganeko ezibalulekileyo. Kwaba kwikomkhulu French, wenza inguqulelo entsha ye "I Lombards" ( "iYerusalem"). Ukongeza, eParis Verdi wadibana kunye nomhlobo wakhe, Giuseppina Strepponi (elichaza kuyo inikwe ngentla). Le imvumi iye inxaxheba yimveliso of "Lombard" yaye "Nabucco" eMilan, yaye kuloo minyaka esondela ukuya umqambi. Ekugqibeleni, emva kweminyaka 10 batshata.

Iimpawu imisebenzi bokuqala Verdi

Phantse zonke kwixesha lokuqala uyilo Giuseppe elirhweba ngokusebenzisa imo ubuzwe imvakalelo ubalulekileyo. Bona ahlangene kumzabalazo ochasene labacinezeli. Oku, umzekelo, ebhalwe "Ernani" Hugo (imveliso yokuqala kwenzeka eVenice ngowe-1844). Verdi owadalwa Byron umsebenzi wakhe "I-Two Foscari" (yadlalwa eRoma ngowe-1844). Abanomdla emsebenzini wakhe Schiller. "Le Ntombi of Orleans" waqhutyelwa Milan ngo-1845. Kulo nyaka e Naples, le iphambili "Alzira" yi uVoltaire. "Macbeth" uShakespeare waye kudlalwa Florence 1847. Impumelelo enkulu abangabasemisebenzini eli xesha aba opera "Macbeth", "Attila" yaye "Ernani". imeko Inqanaba le misebenzi kukhumbuza abaphulaphuli malunga nemeko kwilizwe labo.

Impendulo kwi-French Revolution Dzhuzeppe Verdi

Biography, isishwankathelo imisebenzi kunye nobungqina bomhla umqambi esithi Verdi waphendula ngobubele ukuba yaseFransi Revolution of 1848. Yena waba lingqina naye Paris. Buyela ku Italy, Verdi wabhala i "Idabi Legnano." Le opera abacimi iye owenziwa eRome ngo-1849. Uhlelo lwesibini ehlobene 1861 kwaye thaca e Milan ( "abanya Harlem"). Lo msebenzi ichaza indlela Lombards wawalwela yokumanya eli lizwe. Mazzini, Italian revolution Giuseppe wayalela ukuba abhale iculo olululo. Ngoko kwakukho imveliso "ixilongo izandi."

1850 ngemisebenzi Verdi

1850 - ixesha olutsha uyilo Fortunino Giuseppe Francesco Verdi. ngobomi bakhe kudale ekudalweni opera, nto leyo ibonisa amava kunye neemvakalelo zabantu abaqhelekileyo. Umzabalazo abantu inkululeko-bothando noluntu yongxowankulu okanye ingcinezelo wobukhosi umxholo usembindini umsebenzi ngexesha le umqambi yakhe. Yena ke weva kwangethuba njengoko opera yokuqala, ezinxulumene kweli xesha. Ngowe-1849, "Luisa Miller" ithiwe thaca kwi-uluntu Naples. Lo msebenzi kubhaliwe idrama "Uthando zibangel 'yi Schiller. Ngowe-1850 e Trieste ebibanjwe yokusebenza "Stiffelio".

Umxholo ukungalingani kwezentlalo iye ezifakwe sele ngamandla nangakumbi kwimisebenzi ongenakufa ezifana "Rigoletto" (1851), "Il Trovatore" (1853) kunye "La Traviata" (1853). Umlinganiswa somculo kwezi opera ngokwenene ethandwayo. Babonakalisa isipho umqambi njenge umbhali kunye melodist, kubonakaliswe imisebenzi inyaniso yobomi.

Development of uhlobo "opera grand"

Emva nokudalwa Verdi ezikufutshane uhlobo 'opera grand ". Yiyo le misebenzi zembali yothando ezifana "I-orange Vespers" (kudlalwa Paris ngo-1855), "A ezigqunyiweyo Ball" (yadlalwa okwesihlandlo sokuqala eRoma ngowe-1859), "I-Force weSihlo", olugunyaziswe Mariinsky Theatre. Phela, ngokunxulumene nemveliso opera lokugqibela Verdi ngowe-1862 kabini watyelela Petersburg. Le ifoto ingezantsi ibonisa umfanekiso wakhe, enziwe eRashiya.

Ngowe-1867 wabonwa "Don Carlos", ebhalwe ngu Schiller. Kwezi opera ubathandayo Giuseppe umxholo yomzabalazo ukulwa nabacinezeli kunye nokungalingani eziqulathwe kule midlalo, nto leyo niphuphuma koko, imifanekiso ezikhwankqisayo.

Opera "Aida"

Ukususela opera "Aida" ekuqaleni kwethuba entsha nobuchule Verdi. It eyalwa umqambi waseYiputa Khedive ngokunxulumene isiganeko esibalulekileyo - ukuvulwa Suez Canal. A. uMariette Bey, yayingeyiyo isazi, umbhali wacebisa ibali umdla, nto leyo ebonisa ubomi kwiYiputa yamandulo. Verdi waba nomdla kulo mbono. Libretist Ghislanzoni babesebenza mdlalo kunye Verdi. Le iphambili "Aida" yabanjwa e Cairo ngo-1871. Impumelelo omkhulu.

Kamva ubuchule bokuyila umqambi ngayo

Emva koko, Giuseppe akazange adale opera ezintsha kangangeminyaka eli-14. Yena ehlaziyiweyo imisebenzi yakhe abadala. Umzekelo, e Milan, lo iphambili nenguqulelo yesibini ye-opera "Simon Boccanegra" ngo-1881, ebhalwe 1857 Dzhuzeppe Verdi. Malunga umqambi wathi ngenxa yokwaluphala, akakwazi ukwenza into entsha. Kungekudala, Noko ke, wothusa abaphulaphuli. Italian umqambi nyaka-72 ubudala Verdi Dzhuzeppe wathi yena ukusebenza opera omtsha "Othello". Kuye owenziwa Milan ngo-1887, yaye kunye ballet - yi Giuseppe oneminyaka eli-80 ubudala baya iphambili umsebenzi omtsha wadala nabo e Paris ngo 1894. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva imisebenzi kaShakespeare. Sithetha malunga nokuveliswa "Falstaff" e Milan ngo-1893. Giuseppe wafumana opera Shakespearean librettist ephawulekayo Boito. Kwifoto ngezantsi - Boito (ekhohlo) kunye Verdi.

Giuseppe kule yokugqibela zintathu opera zakhe bafuna ukwandisa iifomu ukuba Ukumanyanisa inyathelo kakhulu nomculo. Wanika intsingiselo entsha recitative, waqinisa indima edlalwe yi iokhestra kwi ukuvezwa imifanekiso.

indlela wakhe umculo Verdi

Ezinye imisebenzi Giuseppe, phakathi kwabo i "Requiem". Sinikezelwa kwisikhumbuzo A. Manzoni, imbongi odumileyo. Giuseppe ubuchule ezahlukeneyo olusengqiqweni. Akumangalisi umqambi ogama umkhumbuzi wezinto ubomi zomculo eYurophu 1840-1890 gg. Verdi walandela impumelelo abaqambi, usebenzo - Donizetti, Bellini, Wagner, Meyerbeer, Gounod. Kodwa andizange ukubaxelisa Dzhuzeppe Verdi. ngobomi bakhe kuphawulwa ekudalweni ngamaqhekeza ezahlukeneyo sele kwixesha yokuqala ingqondo yemveli. Umqambi yagqiba ukuya kwindlela yayo kwaye phutha. Lucidly, umculo eqaqambileyo, melodically zizityebi Verdi uye zithandwa kakhulu kulo lonke ihlabathi. Idemokhrasi kunye ngokoqobo art, nangentando ubuntu, ulwalamano kunye lobuciko ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, - ezi zezona zizathu for Verdi wafumana igama enkulu.

January 27, 1901 Dzhuzeppe Verdi wafa eMilan. biography esifutshane kunye nomsebenzi wakhe kule mini, umculo abathandi abanomdla evela ehlabathini lonke.