UMikhail Kalatozov: engobomi, PIU, iifoto

Le ndoda wabonisa italente yakhe emihle kwiindima eziliqela. Waba odumileyo njenge screenwriter kwaye njengomlawuli kwaye umsebenzisi. UMikhail Kalatozov ephawulwe mabhaso axabiseke, ekubeni nabo umnini bebephethe 'elikhulu ". On kubhaliwe kwathiwa oluninzi amanqaku kunye nezincoko malunga ezenzeka ebomini bakhe isusiwe kangangoko documentaries ezimbini. Yintoni indlela ezinobuchule le womculo? Qwalasela lo mbuzo ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu.

ulwazi oluchaza

Kalatozov Mihail Konstantinovich wazalwa ikomkhulu Georgia ngoDisemba 28, 1903. ookhokho bakhe ukusuka intsapho yamandulo amatshe Amiredzhebi. Ngumalume waloo kumlawuli elizayo waba ngokubanzi ukususela kukumkani ngokwakhe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ilifa Kalatozova rhoqo watyelela abameli nezazi wasekuhlaleni, ababefuna ukuthetha malunga bayahlelwa lizwe. Kodwa ngoko kwafika Oktobha Revolution, leyo wenza utshintsho bayahlelwa inkwenkwe.

Qala umsebenzi

Ngowe-1917, uMikhail Kalatozov, engobomi yakhe, ngokuqinisekileyo sifanele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, waqala ukuziphilisa. Wayesebenza kunye kwabasebenzi, kunye nomsebenzi, yaye umqhubi.

Ngowe-1923, umfana uya ukusebenza kwi studio umboniso lwenqila kuqala njengomqhubi, uze emva koko - ukuba projectionist. Inkuthalo kunye nesimo uxanduva waphawula lo mfana, yaye ngoku uMikhail Kalatozov zancedwa isethi. Emva kwexesha elithile kwavunywa kwi kwisikhundla sokuba umhleli kunye intatheli. Ngexesha umsebenzi wakhe Tbilisi studio mfana waqalisa ukujonga imisebenzi eziliqela, apho abanenxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwi cinema.

ibhaloni Trial Kalatozova njenge umbhali ifilimu "Yinto Tariel Mklavadze", wadubula Ivanom Perestiani ngo-1925. Emva kwexesha elithile, uMikhail Kalatozov sele inxaxheba njengoko ngumbhali kwaye umsebenzisi kwi "Gulli 'imizobo kunye' igazi angamaGypsy". Kubulungisa kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba umdali edume film "The cranes Ngaba Flying" nto esuke ithandwa kakhulu njengoko omdlali, nangona imbonakalo yakhe tell, kodwa imisebenzi yakhe esisikhupheli baba afakwe kunye neendibano. UMikhail Kalatozov, ogama iifilim abo engenakuphikiswa zibandakanyiwe kwi-Ofisi kaNondyebo kaZwelonke Cinématographe, okokuqala ukuvavanya ngokwakhe entsha umthamo ekupheleni 20.

ongumqondisi career

umsebenzi bt Maestro yaba film "uBukumkani Lwabo", apho ke wayalela ngentsebenziswano ne Nutsoy Gogobiridze. Sele kulo mfanekiso uMikhail Kalatozov waqalisa ukubonisa entsha exabisekileyo angaqingqwanga, ukudala iziphumo ezizodwa kunye engile izibane, ekufezekiseni ezona abadlali ngokoqobo kwi abalinganiswa. Ngowe-1930 umfana sele omnye kuthatha cwaka umboniso ebizwa ngokuba "Ityiwa of ZaseSvaneti", nto leyo ithetha ngobomi yoluntu ethile.

Xa eqhuba Michael K. basebenzisa ngenkcazo ye bamaxwebhu uhlobo, waba nako ukumelana ibinzana athile ukutshintsha izicwangciso, ukwenza lo msebenzi nok abagxeki ifilimu "ezigqwesileyo".

utshintsho nezenyama kumda wesangqa

Ixesha movie cwaka ngcembe weza engento, kwaye ncam asiyi kuba kwaoko nako ukubamba izinto ezintsha zobugcisa. I 1932nd uMikhail Kalatozov kudala film "Le isikhonkwane qalisa wakhe," kodwa ke umsebenzi azithathelwa ngqalelo kubaphulaphuli. Ukungaphumeleli ifilimu meko icaca kakhulu umlawuli Georgian. Ugqiba ukushiya umsebenzi ngexesha phezu elimisiweyo. Maestro iya kufunda State Academy of Art yaye kamva waba yintloko Tbilisi studio Central. Ukuba le sikhundla, uMikhail Kalatozov (igama lokwenyani - Kalatozishvili) lenza utshintsho kwinkqubo movie, ukuphucula izixhobo kunye nendawo osebenzela kwidispleyi.

Noko ke, intuthuko ezo wayethanda anisayi kuze bonke abasemagunyeni, yaye emva kwethutyana ncam watyholwa 'utyala kwimpucuko yongxowankulu. " Kalatozov wathumela umzi kwi Neva.

Ukubuyela kumlawuli

Kule 30 kweye-le ncam ifumana umsebenzi kwi "Lenfilm", leyo uqala sokudubula film "Yomelela." Ngowe-1941 uphuma yaseqongeni yenye umfanekiso ngumlawuli - "Valery Chkalov". Zombini bhanya ndithi kwanto labaqhubi Soviet, ke ngoko, abe nempumelelo eyadala kunye nabaphulaphuli. Kwisiqwenga abagxeki umboniso ezifana Chkalov, kodwa umfanekiso ophambili edlalwa yi Vladimir Belokurova singangumzekelo ukuyilandela.

UMikhail Kalatozov ogama ifoto emva "Valery Chkalov" izakushicilela lonke kumaphephandaba kazwelonke, bayamenywa bhanyabhanya ngomsebenzi yabaqhubi of abadlali abemi - Serafim Birman, Arkadiya Raykina, Mark Bernes. Akukho womculo kancane uye walungiselela film "yoyiswe," nto belingana nomlawuli odumileyo Sergei Gerasimov ngo-1942.

Sebenza amazwe

Ngowe-1943 Umlawuli uMikhail Kalatozov ziya kudluliselwa sesithuba yolawulo wathumela okwethutyana US yoohlohlesakhe. Apha, uya kwenza njengoko ummeli ogunyazisiweyo Cinema Committee cinema eSoviet. Kwadalwa kwelinye kukushenxisa kwi owaziwa kwinkulungwane Litsedeyami XX - uCharlie Chaplin, uJean Gabin, Anri Matissom.

Ukususela US womculo uya ubugcisa bale mihla ukuba kutolwe iifilimu kwaye uya kuqalisa phezulu studio "Mosfilm". Emva koko, uya kuthabatha phezu njengentloko ye-Main ICandelo loMlawuli ubuchule cinematography, uze isithuba uxanduva ze uSekela Mphathiswa Cinematography eSoviet Union. Noko ke, umlawuli umsebenzi Michael K. uya kuhlawula eninzi ingqalelo.

Ukuqhuba umsebenzi njengomlawuli

Xa nenani-50 izikrini Soviet ubonisa enye film Kalatozova ebizwa ngokuba "Liyelenqe of the unyashiweyo" Wirth ezisekelwe idlala. Kuba kulo msebenzi, le ncam wawongwa Prize Stalin. Wandula ke wathabatha off ifilimu yakhe "Elinobutshaba Njengezaqhwithi", nto leyo izaliswe kwenkulu yezopolitiko. Ngowe-1954 waphumelela kumlawuli ukusebenza kwi comedy satirical "Abahlobo bokwenene", nto leyo nangoku bathandiweyo abaphulaphuli zasekhaya badala. Kakade ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ngokwahlukileyo blockbusters Soviet "Le cranes Ngaba Flying", ukudalwa apho Michael K. wayesebenza ngo-1957.

Eli bali humanistic lomzabalazo uxolo sele ezaziwa mfi eSoviet. Ngowe-1964, abaphulaphuli wabona ifilimu "I - Cuba", esi script leyo Kalatozov wabhala mbongi Evgeniem Evtushenko. movie Last womculo waba "I-Red Intente" (1969). Ibali Umdlalo ngayo - ibali kokuhlangula ohambo polar ka Umberto Nobile.

impilo Personal

Umlawuli umboniso odumileyo, zazifumanayo ngo-1965 kwisihloko Artist Abantu eGeorgia, kwaye ngo-1969 - kwisihloko Artist Abantu ngayo waseUSSR, wayetshate intombi unozakuzaku of Italy Jeanne Valatsi. abazana yabo kwenzeka ngexesha leeholide in Batumi. Ngasekupheleni imi- 20-ye ncam Yayinonyana George, owathi kamva waqhubeka ubukhosi kayise. Umlingane kungekudala emva kokubeleka ezifunyenweyo Georgian ubumi ASSR. Noko ke, umtshato kowasemzini, uMikhail Konstantinovich emva kwethuba Wawa: umlawuli iphumile Georgia, imbala kunye nonyana wakhe bahlala Tiflis.

Ngokutsho umzukulwana wakhe, Kalatozov, nangona ikhefu onzima kunye nosapho, wayengumntu owonwabileyo, ngenxa yokuba nako ukufikelela yonke into ayifunayo ebomini. Ukuba kwikomkhulu emantla, umlawuli inkanuko ethanda umdlali Elenu Yunger, kodwa ayizange imiselwe kunye. Michael K. wafa ngoMatshi 26, 1973, waza ke wangcwatyelwa Novodevichy capital emangcwabeni.