Umgaqo iyonke ngentembeko kumthetho wembambano

Ngokwaselukholweni okulungileyo umthetho wobukhaya umthetho yomelezwe kunye 01.02.2013 Ngale mini yaqalisa ukusebenza izilungiso efanelekileyo Code Civil. Ukususela ngoko ke umgaqo ingqibelelo umthetho civil Russian izenzo njengomnye amanqaku reference sibalulekileyo ukuziphatha ezikhoyo. amalungiselelo eziphambili esekwe kwinqaku 1, isiqendu 3, 4. ngakumbi Phawula indlela ngokwaselukholweni elungileyo kumthetho wembambano of Russia (ngokufutshane).

feature

ngokwaselukholweni elungileyo kumthetho wembambano - kukho imfuneko apho akavumelekanga ukuba ukususa iingenelo ukuziphatha kwabo, ukuba kuhlukumeza komdla nabanye abachaphazelekayo. Izilungiso eyamkelwe ngeMigaqo Civil iye ngokupheleleyo ziphuculwe 10 inqaku. Inguqulelo entsha awadla kakhulu ngaphandle Ekusebenziseni amalungelo oluntu. Kulo mzekelo, i akukho manyathelo iye yandiswa ukuze kuthintelwe imimiselo, ithathwa njengokuba uhlobo eliphezulu gwenxa amandla omthetho. imithetho ehlaziyiweyo ilingane iimfuno ezicaciswe kwiSiqendu 1 kweKhowudi.

Uchazo izibonelelo

Ukuqwalasela umxholo imigaqo ngentembeko kumthetho wembambano kwi imbalelwano kunye nemfuneko inadmissibility kakubi amandla omthetho, kufuneka kuphendula eminye imibuzo. Loo isidingo edibene namanye kungacaci kwisicelo ngayo imigaqo. Nangakumbi, lo mgaqo wokholo elungileyo kumthetho wembambano ekhuselwe Art. 1 of the Code. Le nyaniso uthetha "aphezulu 'imithetho. Kulo mzekelo, kuthethwa kwinqaku p. Januwari 10 kweKhowudi Civil libhekisela yokulingana inadmissibility le gadalala kunye nemigaqo wokholo elungileyo. Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba ngaba inxalenye yokuqala yesibini rate. Ukuba impendulo ngu-ewe, inyathelo elilandelayo Kubalulekile ukuqonda kude kangakanani zibandakanya imfuno phezu inadmissibility ukuxhatshazwa ngokwaselukholweni elungileyo kumthetho wembambano. Ngokufutshane, izinga lokuqala inokuba icala elingemva yesibini kule meko. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukufumanisa ukuba kwisikhundla Art. 1 ulawulo olulodwa ngokusekelwe semfuno inadmissibility lokuxhatshazwa. Ukuvela le ngxaki kungenxa yokuba imithetho Art. 10 bafakwa ukusebenza phambi ngokwaselukholweni elungileyo kumthetho wembambano. Le kileyo eliye lakhula kwisicelo se imfuneko kokunyamezela kukuthi, ngexesha elifanayo yaba sisiseko ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo Art. 1 of the Code Civil. Okokugqibela, kufuneka ukuba ngaba ezi ndingengowalo kudidi amaziko zomthetho ezahlukahlukeneyo?

Explained

Imfuneko bangavunyelwa ukunyamezelana ngokwaselukholweni elungileyo kumthetho wembambano kakhulu ukuchaza kakuhle kwaye zibonisa indlela yophuhliso nkqubo nemimiselo ye-Code Civil. Bona ukuqinisekisa ekomelezeni umanyano amalungiselelo kunye nobudlelwane kulawulwa ngabo. Enyanisweni, benza njengoko imithetho yasekhaya ukuba ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuphuculwa ityala lembambano. Ngaphezu koko, ezi ndidi ukuthatha ngendima imithetho reserve, ukukhulisa inkcubeko zomthetho kwizifundo yentsebenziswano. Kwaye ke imfuneko okutshayela neengcambu, yaye lo mgaqo wokholo elungileyo kumthetho wembambano usukele umgangatho okulinganisa. Zisibonisa ukuba nokulingana bonke abathathi wobudlelwane. Le modeli ibonisa ugxininiso kwenkqubo yezomthetho umasilingane, ukulingana, ubulungisa ekusebenziseni arhente amathuba kunye nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi. Nalo mgaqo ngokuqinisekileyo engqinelanayo sezobuntlola kunye ingqibelelo. Kumthetho wembambano, ukulingana esemthethweni esibonakaliswa kungekhona ngokohlobo inkululeko, inkululeko yokuzikhethela kwaye isivumelwano, lo inviolability kwepropati. Lubonakaliswa kakhulu yokuziphatha eququzelelweyo ngokungqinelana neemfuno izifundo ngokulinganayo.

Imigaqo ngokubanzi ukholo elungileyo kumthetho wembambano

Ukususela isiphumo lizama izithuba ezithathu. Ezi ziquka imigaqo yobulungisa, ingqibelelo kunye optionality. Ngamnye kubo kuquka izinto ahambelanayo. Umzekelo, abhijelwe umgaqo wobulungisa;

1. Iindibaniso umdla karhulumente kunye nawabucala.
2. umthetho okubuyisela.
3. Ukukhuselwa nokuqinisekisa nokubuyiselwa umdla badlwengulwe.

Optionality kuthetha:

1. Inkululeko contract.
2. Le inviolability impahla.
3. Le inadmissibility yokuphazamiseka ngokungenabulungisa kwimicimbi labucala kunye noluntu.
4. Imfuno amathuba yomthetho ngaphandle nayiphi na imiqobo.
5. Initiative kunye nokuzimela.

Ukuphunyezwa ngokwaselukholweni elungileyo kumthetho wembambano isekelwe phezu olumisiweyo ukusekwa, ukuphunyezwa, ukhuselo amandla omthetho, ukusebenza ngendlela eyiyo umsebenzi, kwakunye umlomo kususwe zonke iingenelo yokuziphatha echasene kwimigaqo. Ngoko ke, eyona njongo ephambili efihlakeleyo yayo enze ukumisela imida.

sabaphathi norms

ngokwaselukholweni elungileyo kumthetho wembambano usebenza ngeendlela Limbo ngokusemthethweni. Ngokufanayo, isenzo kunye nemfuno phezu inadmissibility yethuba lokuxhatshazwa. Okwangoku, ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali, Art. 10 Code Civil ukwakweli kwinqanaba eliphezulu oluneqela elinegunya. Esi sikhundla kubangelwa kukuba lo mthetho inika isicelo ingcinezelo protivosistemnogo amalungiselelo omthetho. Xa isekelwe phezu ukutyhilwa ababhali iindidi eziqhelekileyo bulumko, phakathi kwawo kukho lo mgaqo sezobuntlola kunye ingqibelelo. Kumthetho wembambano, ukuxhatshazwa, ngokunjalo nezenzo ngokungafanelekanga luhlobo imithambo, ukusetyenziswa kwemimiselo. Nangona zibonakala zomthetho ngokwendalo, kodwa umongo walo ephakathi, akuvumelekile, awavumelekanga.

Ukusasazwa norms neembopheleleko

ngokwaselukholweni entle umthetho civil mihla isebenza kuphela ngokunxulumene izinto ezisemthethweni. Izibonelelo Kufundwa 1 no-10 le-Code Civil kukho umlomo kakubi iimbopheleleko. Kulo mzekelo, ukuthembeka amalungelo okuzikhethela ukusilela avavanye iimfuno zendlela lusekiwe. Akuyi kusetyenziswa amandla ayo ngokusemthethweni ukuba benze okubi nabanye abathathi endleleni. Lo msebenzi inxulumene ngqo umthetho eendaba. Ijoliswe ekupheliseni neenjongo wokuzingca kwesi sifundo.

ichazwe

Imfuneko sibhekiswe kumanyathelo komnye umntu, yakha kakuhle yomsebenzi womntu. Ba ngokunxulumene ngokusondeleyo amalungelo luluvo, sithe elementi lolwalamano. Xa inkcazelo ngoxanduva thaca ebonisa yokuba ukuba kukho umlinganiselo ifomu kunye yokuziphatha efanelekileyo. Lo mntu emiselweyo imodeli ngemvumelwano okanye norm ngokusemthethweni. Kulo mzekelo, igama elithi 'uhlobo' ibhekisa iimpawu ubunjani izenzo zokuziphatha, isiqulatho zabo, "umlinganiselo" uhlobo, nayo, imisela umda ezithile apho esi sifundo kufuneka enze nasiphi na isenzo bekhetha elinye ilungu ukuba ubuhlobo. Ezi imida kuba lomhlaba, zezomzuzwana, njalo-njalo. Kule meko, nakwezona nxalenye imxinwa isifundo kusoloko kukho ithuba ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe ngendlela ethile, nangaliphi na ixesha, nokuba loo ndawo okanye phantsi kweemeko ezithile. ngokwaselukholweni elungileyo kumthetho wembambano iquka imfuneko ukwenza amanyathelo afanelekileyo. Imisebenzi, nayo, kukho ithuba esemthethweni ukuzalisekisa imiyalelo. Yiyo le "mikropravo" abanokusebenza njengendlela zokuziphatha ngokungafanelekanga. Xa ezingundoqo, uya kuba nantoni na eyahlukileyo kulo mzekelo ukusuka 'zemveli " kakubi kwamalungelo.

Kakubi ekukhuseleni iimfuno

Kukho iindawo ezininzi, utshisa ibunzi ngokwaselukholweni elungileyo. Xa umthetho civil of Russia inikeza iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukukhusela umdla. Bona equlethwe kwinqaku 12 le-Code Civil. Kakubi ithuba lokwenza ukhuselo ngoku kuthathwa njengomnye ziqhelekileyo kwaye ngexesha elinye iintlobo zinzima kakubi. Ibhekisela kwindawo ephantsi ngokwaselukholweni elungileyo. Xa umthetho civil eRashiya, kungenzeka ukujongana isihloko isimangalo kwinkundla efanelekileyo. Ngokufuthi, umbolekisi wathumela ibango, wamkela ukuphikiswa-ibango yi dolzhnika.Posledny efuna ukuba ukulibazisa inkqubo kwetyala okanye kwi zonke ku ziphepha imbopheleleko. Umzekelo, kwakube kungeniswe unetyala amabango emali (ummangalelwa) walathisa ibango kwisivumelwano ingqalelo phantsi kwayo ifumene kunye iimpahla sele isetyenziswa, null and void. sicelo kucaca kulo mzekelo sele wamkelwe emva isivumelwano, kodwa kuphela ukuba enye yezizathu ezaziwayo-kakuhle ntetho ezayo abafuni. Isifundo, ngoko, ufuna ukufumana ixesha, usebenzise impahla yabantu. Kusenokwenzeka azame ukulukuhla otyalayo ukuba angene kwisivumelwano kwembambano, buyisela into endaweni imbuyekezo iphikiswayo ngaphandle kokuhlawula isohlwayo njalo njalo.

iimeko ezizodwa

Ezinye izifundo kakubi ilungelo lokukhuselwa ekusetyenzisweni Inqaku le-10 le-Code Civil ngokwayo. Isondlo, ukusebenzisa lo mgaqo, unako ukurhoxisa naliphi na ithuba zomthetho ezikhathazayo. Kulo mzekelo, umntu ochaphazelekayo usengabhengeza ukuba amalungelo eendaba ngaphaya kwemida emisiweyo emthethweni. Kule meko, kuya kubakho imithetho icala ngohlobo liphezulu. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka zoyiswe inkqubo iindlela civil yezomthetho ethintela ukukhonya lomba ukuba umxholo wayo umthetho, yaye ngokukodwa - ngokusebenzisa kumGaqo Art. 1 Civil Code of ngokwaselukholweni elungileyo.

Okukodwa yezenzo yokungenzi

ngokwaselukholweni elungileyo kumthetho wembambano ukulawula izenzo zokuziphatha lwezifundo ngaphakathi kwemida ethile. Kulo mzekelo, akukho ukuqonda ngokucacileyo indlela oluqhuba yokuvalwa ngezenzo neempazamo ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, akucaci nokuba indlela entsha gadalala, okanye unxulumene isakhiwo yokusebenza kakuhle. Ukushiywa inzululwazi, jikelele kuthathwa njenge ndlela amathuba nomthetho, ukuba ilungiswe kwisivumelwano isimo esinjalo okanye imigaqo. Ngqo phakathi ubudlelwane ilungile apho, ukuba kukho ezifuneka phambili ukuze:

1. Non-kufunyenwe impahla.
2. Ukungaphumeleli ukuze ubutyebi.
3. izenzo abangafezekanga yobuqu, kungekhona ezinxulumene ukudluliselwa / yokwamkela propati.

Ngokufanayo, ithuba ngokungenzi kwenzeka xa kukho unyanzelwa ngokomthetho:

1. Musa ukufumana impahla.
2. Ngaba ukunika aseti eziphathekayo.
3. Musa benze naziphi na izenzo ukuba akazalani nokufunyanwa / ubunikazi bendawo.

Ukusuka apha ngasentla kulandela ukuba ukushiywa banokuba iintlobo ezintandathu eqhelekileyo. Ukuba nokwenzeka ukusetyenziswa kwazo, kwakunye umsebenzi, izifundo zingasetyenziswa ngendlela engeyiyo. Ngako oko, nokungenzi ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo kufuneka isasazwe umgaqo unconscientiousness. Kumthetho wembambano, ngoxa kudla ifakiwe isakhiwo ingqiqo ka "action".

Imida onempumelelo zomthetho

Art. 10 lo Mthetho uchaza imida Ekusebenziseni amalungelo. KwiSithethe vala ethile - ukuziphatha abusive. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ngokwaselukholweni elungileyo ubonakala eyekelel 'imfiliba ". In Art. 10 inika izifundo ezizodwa ngokwengqiqo limiter besebenzisa iindlela zabo zomthetho. Nangakumbi, lo umthetho awukuvumeli izenzo abemi lizimisele kuphela ukuba kukho injongo ukwenzakalisa abanye, ngokudlulisela imimiselo lusekiwe. It Akuvumelekanga ukusetyenziswa iinketho esemthethweni ukuthintela ukhuphiswano, kakubi izikhundla lubalaseleyo emarikeni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe isicelo kwezinye izithintelo entsonkothileyo. Ihlala yokuba kokuvalwa ngokwayo livela imigaqo umthetho civil yokuqala. Noko ke, ngelo xesha ke ayithethi ivele ngokukhawuleza kwakunye isiseko eyahlukileyo, ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukuze kuthintelwe eziphikisanayo olucwangcisiweyo phakathi imigaqo kunye nesiseko saso.

into ebaluleke

Kuyimfuneko ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba ezilungileyo ukholo siseko, akukho nto ibonisa izenzo ngabom. Kulo mzekelo, oko ekhoyo kweli nqaku. 10. Ngokwe-ukusetyenziswa amalungelo luluvo iingongoma "ububi" ebusweni ethile blameworthiness. Ukwenzakala ngengozi ngokusetyenziswa iinketho zabo zomthetho kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokolandelelwano tort liability. Xa iimfuno udluliselwe ngabomi kunye uhlobo eyahlukileyo kakubi ukuba nawuphi na umntu ingqalelo njengokwenziwa ngabom kwaye kufuneka ubungqina bokuba. Ngamanye amazwi, isihloko uxanduva luza kuphela iziphumo zezenzo abafumanekayo nenjongo yayo. Kuba konke oko Kongezelelwa iziphumo ezivela ngaphandle, mayingabi sakhululwa kohlwaywa. violator iwayini ngexesha elinye ukhutshwa kwakheka, kunye indlela ekhethiweyo, kodwa, enyanisweni, hayi neenjongo abazi isisusa ekupheleni. Oku, ngokutsho normotvortsev, ukhonza njengesakhi ebalulekileyo umthetho yaye inxalenye zesimo gadalala. Imisiwe Banetyala ngokwakhe kucingelwa ixabiso le mimiselo ezikhoyo zomthetho ezifikelela kubo, iteyiphu yephepha kwimeko nganye, nentsingiselo yabo. Bekhokelwa injongo lokuzingca, ngokuxhomekeke ayiluhoyi nemigangatho esisinyanzelo.

ukuqaphela ngokunganyanisekanga

Le nkqubo, eneneni, ithetha nakuvandlakanyo ukuziphatha komntu njengento engafanelekanga. Ngelo xesha, ngokoMthetho alikho semthethweni kakubi yesohlwayo awusebenzi. Uxanduva lubandakanya lweMelika zamva. Umzekelo, ukuba uvimba ukuvela amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi (kwiSiqendu 157), ukubonelela izinto kwipropati (Art. 220 302), umonakalo (Art. 1103), imbuyekezo ingeniso (Art. 303), makayimisele, njalo-njalo. Ezi izohlwayo eziphathelene umntu ngabom okanye imprudent okuxhobisa ngokusemthethweni.

isiphelo

Umda ngokwaselukholweni elungileyo inokuchazwa yokushiywa. Ngokukodwa, ukuba awenzi nje kuphela imeko apho kukho kakubi, kodwa apho angekhoyo. Ukongeza, ngokwaselukholweni ezilungileyo lolwawo kwiimeko apho imigaqo Art. 10 ngokwemiqathango lwekhontenti ukumelana yesehlo. Enye simo esinjalo, umzekelo, iqulethwe kwiSiqendu 6 kweKhowudi. Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo engenanjongo zigwenxa phantsi imithetho efanayo. Kwakhona, amalungiselelo Art. 1 ingasetyenziswa kwiimeko apho nto. 10 luba njengesixhobo kakubi. Kulo mzekelo, ngokwaselukholweni elungileyo kwiimeko ezinjalo kufuneka lusetyenziswe kunye noshishino ngokubanzi-amalungiselelo umthetho wobukhaya.