Umculi-umtshini weFyodor Khitruk

I-Fyodor Khitruk ngumlawuli weSoviet kunye nomgcini-skrini. Nguye umdali weefilimu ezidumiweyo ezinjenge-"Scarlet Flower", "iKashtanka", "iPetya kunye neLittle Red Riding Hood". UFyodor Khitruk nguye umbhali weencwadi eziliqela kwi-cinematography. Kwiminyaka emininzi wazinikela umsebenzi wokufundisa. Indlela yokudala yaseKhitruk yintloko yesi nqaku.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala

UFyodor Khitruk wazalelwa ngo-1917 eTver. Abazali bakhe bathuthela esi sixeko kungekudala ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwonyana wakhe. Kwintsapho yaseKhrukov, ngaphezu kweFyodor, kwakukho nabanye ababini oonyana - umdala uMikhail, owazalwa ngowe-1915, kunye nomncinci uVladimir, owazalwa ngowe-1921. Uyise we-animator wayenguKhitruk Saveliy Davydovich, owokuqala wasebenza njengomatshini, kwaye emva kokunyuka kwinqanaba lomsebenzi - unjiniyela. Ngomama kaFyodor, wadibana eRiga, ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala.

Kwiminyaka eyisixhenxe emva kokuzalwa kwonyana wesibini, intsapho yatshintsha indawo yabo yokuhlala kwakhona, emva kokufudukela eMoscow. Kwi-capital, ubaba kaFyodor Savelievich uphumelele kwisikolo sePlekhanov. Ngowe-1931 intsapho yathuthela eJamani. Esixekweni saseStuttgart, uyise wentsapho njengengcali eqeqeshelwa ngokufanelekileyo, wathunyelwa ekuhambeni kweminyaka emithathu yezoshishino. I-animator yexesha elizayo kwikomkhulu yaseBeden-Württemberg yayiya esikolweni sobugcisa, apho yafunda khona iziseko zobugcisa obuhle.

EMoscow

Emva kokubuyela ezweni lakubo, uFyodor waqhubela phambili izifundo zakhe kwiKholeji yaseMoscow, wagqiba ngo-1936. Kwaye emva kokuphucula ikhwalithi yakhe kwiSiko ngokubhekiselele kwi "Graphics". Ukutyelela umthendeleko wefilimu, owawubanjelwe eMoscow ngo-1935, kwaye waqhelana nemifanekiso yeemveliso zangaphandle, i-Khitruk ihlanganiswe nobugcisa bentetho. Yingakho ndifuna ukudibanisa ubomi bam ngelo lathiso kwaye ndazama ukufumana umsebenzi njengomculi eSoyuzmultfilm, kodwa akazange aphumelele ekuqaleni.

Ngomhla ka-1937 ekwindla, uFyodor Savelievich wamemelela inhlanhla. Ufumene umsebenzi njengomqeqeshi. Ngomnyaka we-1938, iKhitruk yayisele iphindaphindiwe.

Umsebenzi wokudala wale nsizwa yaphazamiseka yiMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBili eyayiqalile. Kwakudingeka afumane umsebenzi njengomtoliki. Iziko leeLwimi zangaphandle liye ngo-1942 lafuduswa eStvropol, apho iqhawe leli nqaku lafumana i-specialty special. Ngexesha lemfazwe, uFyodor Khitruk wakhonza njengomtoliki, kwaye kamva njengomlawuli wamathala e-platoon enza inomsakazo. Emva kowe-1945, i-animator yexesha elizayo yasebenza enye iminyaka emibini eJamani, emva koko yabuyela eMoscow kwaye yaqhubeka nomsebenzi wayo eSoyuzmultfilm. Ngo-1949, wajoyina i-CPSU.

I-Fyodor Khitruk: iitoto

Iqhawe kweli nqaku lenze igalelo elikhulu kwizobugcisa belizwe. I-Khitruk iminyaka emininzi yayingumfundisi kwiinkqubo zabaphandi, abaqhutyelwa kwi-studio. Esi sikhundla kunye nomsebenzi womlawuli odibeneyo ukususela ngo-1962. Into edume kakhulu yendalo yakhe ingabizwa ngamafilimu amfutshane anjenge "Isiqithi", "Inkunzi kunye ne-Ox", "Ifilimu, ifilimu, ifilimu". Kufuneka kuthiwa uFyodor Savelievich Khitruk ungomnye wabadali beengxenye ezintathu ze "Winnie the Pooh", kunye nezinye iimifanekiso ezidweliswe yimisebenzi edumileyo yabalobi basekhaya nabangaphandle.

Ukususela ngo-1980, uFedor Savelievich uholele kwisikripthi esithi "Multtelefilm." Kwiminyaka eyisibhozo wabamba isikhundla se-vice-president we-ASIFA. Ukongeza, de kube ngu-2003, uKhitruk wayengomnye wabafundisi abaziintloko abaqeqesha iingcali kwizodwa zecandelo lomlawuli. Kwakhona ngo-1995 iqhawe lale nqaku li-president of honor of the festival "Goldfish", kwaye de kube ngu-2000 uhamba nombutho wesizwe wefilimu eziphathekayo.

U kwamkelwa

UFedor Savelievich wayengumnini wenani elikhulu lamabhaso kunye namabhaso. Kwiinkonzo ezininzi, wanikwa isiqulatho seprofesa weVGIK kunye nelungu leziko lesizwe lobugcisa "uNika". Ngomnyaka we-1993, ngokuthatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo, isikolo sabaphandi ngaphantsi kwegama elithi "Shar" savuleka. Ukongeza, uFedor Savelievich uthathe inxaxheba ekuqulunqweni kwesichazi-magama esicacileyo, equka imigaqo yaloo khetho.

Ifilimu

Imisebenzi emininzi emininzi yayiserekhodi yakhe yeFedor Khitruk. Iimpawu zecala "Ibali loLwaphulo-mthetho", "iiholide zeBoniface", "uWinnie the Pooh" ubhekisele kwixesha lokuqala lomsebenzi wakhe. Njengomtsalane-ntengiso, wathetha ekudalweni kwe "Flies-Tsokotuhi", "Iingxelo zeTsar Saltan", "I-Gray Neck." Eminye imisebenzi yeFyodor Khitruk:

1. "Tsvetik-semitsvetik."
2. "I-Geese-swans".
3. "Inkwenkwe enomdla."
4. Iinyanga ezilishumi elinesibini.
5. "Kwakhona i-deuce."
6. "Inkwenkwana yaseNaples."
7. «IAventures of Pinocchio».
8. "Uncle Stepa."
9. "INdlovukazi ye-Snow."
10. "Indlu yekati."
11. "Ukuhamba kwenyanga."

Enye yeemafilimu ezifakekisayo ze-Hitruck, into ekhangeleka ngakumbi kubabukeli abadala kunabantwana, "yiNgonyama neBull." Isalathiso sisekelwe kwibali lokulwa phakathi kwamaqhosha amabili. Iqhinga lenzelwe ngqiqo yengqiqo yengqondo kubalinganiswa balinganiswa.

Kwakhona, eziliqela iincwadi kwiimifanekiso, ezipapashwe nguFyodor Khitruk. "Uhlobo - i-animator" yenye yazo. Ngokwale ncwadi ngo-1999, ifilimu ebonwayo yaveliswa.

Ubomi bomntu

Kuze kube sekupheleni kwemihla yakhe, umlawuli wayehlala kwikhulu. Wayetshatile kabini. Umfazi wokuqala nguMaria Leonidovna. Umfazi wesibini womlawuli nguGalina Nikolaevna. Unyana waseKhitruk U-Andrey Fedorovich ungumfundisi ofanelekileyo kwikholejini. Gnessins. Umzukulu we-animator u-Anastasia yi-violinist edumile.

UFedor Savelievich wafa ngo-2012, ngoDisemba 3, eneminyaka engamashumi asithoba anesihlanu. Igama lakhe liyaziwa kubantu abambalwa namhlanje. Kodwa kwiSoviet Union kwakungekho mntwana owayengamazi abalinganiswa bemizobo eyenziwe nguFyodor Khitruk. Iifilimu zale nkosi zangena kwiqoqo legolide lezithombe zaseRashiya.