Umbongo namaqhawe - nto ... umbongo yobugorha kule ncwadi

Yintoni umbongo ubalulekileyo? Ngokucacileyo, oku ligama elibonisa into ethile uhlobo zoncwadi. Ngaphezu kokuba Lubonakala yaye yahlukile ezinye? Apho amazwe zadalwa imisebenzi enjalo? Yintoni bakhonze umzekelo olu hlobo nje? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo inokufumaneka kwinqaku.

Ukubunjwa ingqiqo

Ngokuqinisekileyo, "umbongo namaqhawe" - igama zizonke. Oku kusekelwe iingqiqo ezimbini: i "Poem" yaye "Hero". Iyavakala ukuqwalasela ngamnye ngokwahlukeneyo, uze ukudibanisa intsingiselo.

Mbongo (ukususela ekudalweni yesiGrike. Poiema «") njenge Uhlobo umthamo omkhulu kwimveliso kwivesi enxulumene uhlobo lyric-ibonwe. Lo msebenzi iqulathe iindawo eziliqela, umanyaniswe ibali elinye, apho ibali wadlula nasiphi na isiganeko esibalulekileyo. Iimpawu lo mbongo uhlobo soncwadi:

• ibali unwrapped (ngeziganeko ezininzi kunye neziganeko);
• esibalisayo yobubanzi (ngamanye amaxesha ligubungela iminyaka kunye nezizukulwana);
• umfanekiso open enzulu lyrical.

imvelaphi mbongo kulala epics amandulo ephakathi.

Hero (.. Ukusuka geros zamaGrike «enye, iqhawe eliligwiba kum, demi-uthixo" kunye Hero French «hero») - kuluncwadi, eli gama kumela yala magama alandelayo:

• ophambili yomsebenzi;
• Babhunyulwe abantliziyo iyimbalasane nesibindi, umdlali of kuzo.

Wabumba kwesibizo "iqhawe", lo Isichazi "yobuqhawe", ngokulandelelana, kusenokuthetha kulandelayo:

• ziyakwazi ubuqhawe;
• echaza naziphi na iziganeko zobuqhawe.

Poem abacimi: Inkcazo

Ukusebenzisa zegama "Poem" yaye "iqhawe" kukwazi ukwakhiwa, gama elo elithetha "umbongo abacimi". Lo multipart iincwadi umsebenzi zemibongo, umxholo apho ezinye iziganeko ezibalulekileyo nokobuqhawe ngokuqhelekileyo ezinxulumene abalinganiswa edume kunye nezenzo zabo okanye zokuhamba.

umbongo namaqhawe - kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, umsebenzi wobugcisa, nto leyo wokubhala ukuqhubekekiswa ibonwe iintsomi, uphawu yeenkcubeko ezininzi kwaye owayekho ukususela mandulo.

umbongo zobugorha ngeendlela okanye omnye zikho phantse kuzo zonke iintlanga zehlabathi. amasiko esizwe Epic ngcembe zadityaniswa imijikelo zemibongo, koko wavuka udumo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo amaqhawe nguye umbhali, ezidibeneyo alungiswa iintsomi abanemfundo zoncwadi. Imizekelo yamandulo eyavelela abacimi zezi: Indian "yiRamayana" yaye "neMahabharata", isiGrike "Iliad" yaye "Odyssey", Endala kubaphangi "Edda" Finnish "Kalevala", Jamani "Wengoma Nibelungs", isiFrentshi "Ingoma of Roland", i-Italian "iYerusalem Sahlangulwa," Anglo-Saxon "Beowulf" njalo njalo. n.

Ukususela kudala ku classicism

Uhlobo ibonwe yashukumisa iimbongi zobugorha ezifana kumaxesha amandulo, yaye eminyaka elandelayo. yayina wafika ngenkulungwane XVIII., ke kuye ngomdla akhutshwe yi ngabameli classicism. uhlobo yezembali sombongo endinomdla ukuba bokubanga zabo zobugorha, azihluphe kunye nobumi. waba ukuba uTshawe ombambazelayo zombongo ukuba umfuziselo yokuziphatha. Classicists ebizwa le misebenzi eluchochoyini zobugcisa zemibongo. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba isizwe ngasinye kufuneka azame ukwenza imibongo yabo zobuqhawe.

Xa nqanaba nokugqama kombongo yamandulo zobugorha - ngumsebenzi lwesihobe ebhaliweyo style sublime nezenziwe eziliqela iintloko, obizwa ngokuba "iingoma". Umxholo mbaliso njalo baba ziganeko zembali, ebalulekileyo ukuba abantu beli lizwe nabo bonke abantu. Elinye igama le uhlobo - enkulukazi.

Umxholo mbongo abacimi

Ngokutsho izimiso classicism, umsebenzi onjalo kufuneka nakanjani iquke ezi ziqendwana zilandelayo:

• ukuqala ebalisa mxholo kwembaliso;
• I Ndibhenela abo waphefumlela imbongi;
• inani elikhulu iinkcukacha ezichazwe izigcawu ekulweni;
• izinto indawo fantastic kunye nabalinganiswa nangqondo;
• abalinganiswa yimizekeliso emele vice isidima Justice, amandla, umona kunye m p..;
• umgca elizayo kuchazwe isiprofeto.

Ngokwesithethe Russian

umbongo Russian zobuqhawe yaphuhliswa imisebenzi M. V. Lomonosova ( "Pet Veliky"), V. K. Trediakovskogo ( "Tilemahida"), A. P. Sumarokova ( "Dimitriadi") kunye A. N. Maykova ( "ekhululwe Moscow ") kunye M. M. Heraskova (" idabi "kunye" Rossiada "). Yonke le misebenzi zaye zabhalwa yokubhala yamandulo. Mfanekiso ziqhubeke ukuya kwenye iindlela ezizezinye; nokuba ubugcisa ukubalasela ngokwezembali sebali. Kwimeko yokuqala kwagxilwa ekulondolozeni ngobunyaniso zembali, kwaye eyesibini - malunga nentsingiselo bezobugcisa iziganeko zangaphambili kunye nophuhliso yovavanyo yokuziphatha kwabo. Ngoko ke, ezinye imibongo Russian zobugorha zahlukile kakhulu enye kwenye isimbo kunye focus.

Ngokwesithethe Eastern

mbongo zobugorha kwi Mpuma encinane uhlobo uyindumasi, eyaziwa ngokuba "Dastan" (eliguqulelwa ukusuka kwi "ibali" Persian). Lo msebenzi angabhalwa kwisihobe, neprowuzi, kunye nolwimi nokuba mixed (okt zizidibanise isihobe kunye iprozi).

Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa dastan iyelenqe yalala amabali esizwe kunye iintsomi. Kuba oku uhlobo rhoqo fi kunye adventure amabali kunye ezahlukeneyo ilenze ezimbaxa kunye nitshintshane. Umfanekiso hero yinto efanelekileyo yokuziphatha. Ngenxa yoko, Epos wasempumalanga i kwiwotshi wombongo abacimi yaseYurophu.

Olu uhlobo uncwadi imelwe imisebenzi Tajik-Persian, Uzbek kunye Kazakh ziimbongi. Imizekelo yemibongo zobugorha Oriental: "ULayla and Majnun", imibongo classic wamaPersi Nizami Gyandzhevi, lo mbongo uyindumasi "Shahnameh" Ferdowsi, izibongo imbongi Uzbek Alisher Navoi kunye Persian-Tajik Imbongi Jami.

Sokulandela indlela yembali abagqithelayo umbongo yobuqhawe, sinako singabhengeza ukuba olu hlobo kwaba uphawu abantu kuzo zonke izigaba ubukho bayo, kwaye kuphuhliswa kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi.