Umbane - lo nto ... Definition

Umbane - igama lisetyenziswa kwikhondo physics. Makhe sihlolisise kwenkcazo ubuninzi emzimbeni, ingakumbi inkangeleko, izicelo.

definition

Yintoni na umbane? Ukuzimisela physics ithetha indibanisela iziganeko ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nokuhamba kwentlawulo zombane.

Eli gama livele ISAZINZULU IsiNgesi William Gilbert ngo-1600. Wazama ukuchaza ngezenzeko ezenzeka phantsi intshukumo yomzimba nekhampasi ngemagnethi. Ukuba, xa kusenziwa, waqinisekisa ukuba khona umbane imizimba.

imbali

Umbane - into leyo eye wazama ukucacisa izihlandlo yamandulo eGrisi. Zobulumko owayephila BC ngenkulungwane yesixhenxe, wafumanisa ukuba xa evuthiweyo ukuhlikihla nangoboya zendalo, ezuza ukukwazi ukutsala ezahlukeneyo izinto.

Kwinkulungwane elinesixhenxe umatshini electrostatic senziwe waseJamani Otto Fon Gerike, equka iibhola sulphur, ebethelelwe ngentonga yentsimbi. Loo isakhiwo uvumele ukuba bagcine nokutsala izinto nje kuphela, kodwa isizathu zabo.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane elinesibhozo eliNgesi Stephen Grey, uthotho experimenti kugqithiso amandla zombane phezu kumgama othile. Wafumanisa ukuba ngokuxhomekeke nokwakhiwa umbandela etshintsha ukukwazi ukuqhuba ombane.

Yintoni na umbane? Ingcinga, eli ophathekayo uchazelwa yi engumFrentshi Charles Dufay. Ngexesha eksperimenti ezahlukeneyo wafumana intlaka kunye negilasi umbane ezenzeka ngexesha ukukhuhlana ubulembu yeglasi, intlaka phezu uboya. Phakathi kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo Pieter van Musschenbroek iphuhlise capacitor zombane, ngokuba Leyden imidlalo. Ekuhloleni ukufana onxulumene nesifundo lombane esesibhakabhakeni, olwenziwa yi-nzulu Russian M. V. Lomonosovym.

Ekupheleni kwale pendant kweyeshumi elinesibhozo wafumanisa umthetho ngako kuyo umbane - yiyo isindululo kwamasuntswana icala.

Ekuqaleni yamachiza kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba Oersted ibhaqwe ukuphazamiseka electromagnetic. It ivula ivale wesekethe, ngokugcina oscillations ikhampasi ibekwe ngeenxa umqhubi. Ampere wafumanisa ukuba umbane kunye ubutsalane bezalana, kwiimeko apho kungekho umbane static.

Faraday ngokusebenzisa iziphumo yemifuniselo ka Ampere kunye Oersted, wafumanisa isenzeko yoqheliso electromagnetic. Kubo wenkunkuma sayilwa umbane, nto leyo iquka engundoqo magnetized katushki.Cherez ke edlula umbane. Intsingiselo yamagama emva experimenti kokwenza wazihlanganisa isindululo kwamasuntswana icala.

umsebenzi Maxwell yaba luvuthondaba zonke izenzakalo kagesi. Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwakukho thiyori electrodynamics quantum. wayiphendula yonke imibuzo ukuba izazinzulu ngelo xesha kwexesha.

Yintoni na le kagesi

Siye safumanisa ukuba umbane - lixabiso into ezinxulumene nokuhamba kwamasuntswana icala. Yaye yintoni eyenza i kagesi? Oku kubandakanya ubuchule ukwenza intsimi yombane ngeenxa nombhexeshi. Imizimba banayo intlawulo enye, ukubuyiselana, kwaye ezahlukeneyo - zithathwa. Oko kukuthi, njengokuba intshukumo amasuntswana ukutshintshwa umbane ngaphakathi nombhexeshi.

umbane wendalo

Njengoko ukubonisa zombane ngoku eqaqambileyo ehlabathini aphilileyo ucinga uziphu. iyafika zombane esekwe kwi kweyeshumi elinesibhozo. Waba kombane okubangelwa imililo ihlathi ezininzi. Umahluko ezinokubakho zibangelwa phakathi kweengqimba ojikeleze umhlaba kwaye umhlaba kumphezulu-400 kV.

Iinkqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwinkqubo luvo, nayo ezinxulumene sicatshulwa kwentlawulo yombane. Ngokomzekelo, kuye kwakhula umbane ngexesha nokuvela ombane ngapha iseli inwebu, nto eziphilayo ithathwa isilingo luvo. Ingasetyenziswa ukudlulisa ulwazi ukusuka kwiseli enye ukuya kwenye. Iintlanzi zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane ngaphantsi search kwamanzi kwakunye ukukhuselwa kwiintshaba.

Umzekelo, i-South American sisinkantazi yombane lungadala nokukutshelwa umbane ukuya volts ezingamakhulu amahlanu. Lampreys nookrebe zingasetyenziswa ukuchonga ukuveliswa kombane. receptors Special electric intsimi wokubambisa nezinye izinto eziphilayo.

isiphelo

Yemifuniselo lwenziwa kunye nombane, ukukhuthaza inkqubela zobugcisa. Ngokusekelwe yokusebenza izixhobo zangoku ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kwinzululwazi, ubuchwepheshe.

Ukuze anelise ngokupheleleyo zonke izicelo ethunyelwe ubunyani kombane, umbane amandla enamandla sele ziphuhlisiwe. Xa intliziyo yomsebenzi zabo imfundiso umbane kunye ubutsalane, kuxoxwe ngasentla.