"Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya": imbali yendalo yenoveli

"Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya", ibali nokudalwa yathatha phantse iminyaka esi-7, yenye yezona odumileyo Romanov Fedora Dostoevsky eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe. Le nokudalwa iincwadi zakudala Russian ngonaphakade kwengqondo yakhe italente, oyingcali nemiphefumlo yabantu. Yintoni eyabangela Dostoevsky ingcamango yokubhala umsebenzi malunga umbulali kunye inimba yesazela; kuba isihloko aziqhelekanga uncwadi ngelo xesha?

Fyodor Dostoyevsky - umninindlu kwinoveli engqondweni

Umbhali wazalwa ngo November 11, 1821 eMoscow. Uyise - uMikhail - igosa lakomkhulu, ngumcebisi wenkundla, kunye nomama wakhe - Maria Feodorovna - wayevela kwintsapho yomthengisi.

Xa ubomi Fedora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo yonke: nodumo olukhulu kunye nentlupheko, imihla mnyama uPetros Paul Fortress kunye iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi onzima, ngamakhoboka ungcakazo, yaye isibheno ukholo lwamaKristu. Nokuba ngexesha ubomi zombhali emsebenzini wakhe basebenzisa epithets ezifana "ezikrelekrele."

Dostoevsky wafa eneminyaka engama-59 emphysema. Ushiye ngasemva ilifa omkhulu - iinoveli, imibongo, iidayari, iileta, njl Xa iincwadi Russian Fyodor babelwa kwengqondo oyintloko abehla nemiphefumlo yabantu. Abanye abahlalutyi zoncwadi (ezifana Mxim Gorky), ingakumbi kweli xesha yiSoviet, Dostoevsky ngokuba "misebenzi ububi", kuba babekholelwa ukuba umbhali kwiincwadi zakhe wasivuna kwizimvo "ephosakeleyo," ezopolitiko - emithethweni kwaye kwezinye xesha ebomini nokuba monarchist. Nangona kunjalo, oku debatable: iinoveli ka Dostoevsky - singekho kwezopolitiko, kodwa usoloko ngokunzulu ngokwasengqondweni, injongo yabo - ukubonisa umphefumlo womntu nobomi njengoko kunjalo. Nemveliso 'Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya "- ubungqina kwalo.

Imbali kwinoveli "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Zokohlwaya"

Fyodor Dostoevsky ngo-1850, wathunyelwa kwintolongo eOmsk. "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya", imbali nokudalwa eyaqala kanye apho, lwapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1866, kwaye phambi koko umbhali kwafuneka ukuba aye ngenxa suku lubalaseleyo ebomini bam.

Ngowe-1854, umbhali free. Dostoevsky ngo-1859 kwincwadi umzalwana wakhe wabhala ukuba ingcamango ethile yenoveli-uvumo beza kuye xa wayeselapho iminyaka engama-50 elele kwibhanka ezingcolileyo nabanamava kuloo maxesha anzima ebomini bakhe. Kodwa ukuqalisa lo msebenzi, yokuba kwakungekho ngokukhawuleza, kuba ayifuni nkqu ukuba uya kusinda.

Ngoko ke, ngo-1865 Dostoevskiy Fedor Mihaylovich, ezidinga imali, basayine imvumelwano neSebe umvakalisi, apho uthembisa ukunika ngoNovemba 1866 inoveli entsha. Emva kokufumana imali, umbhali ukuphucula imicimbi yazo, kodwa nomkhwa okuphumelela wadlala amaqhinga kuye; waphulukana yonke imali eseleyo kwi Wiesbaden, abanini ehotele ukuba zingafuni kuye, kodwa wayeka lokondla nkqu icinyiwe ukukhanya egumbini. Kungenxa kwiimeko ezinjalo Dostoevsky waqalisa 'Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Zokohlwaya. "

Imbali kwinoveli sisondela esiphelweni: xesha yinja - umbhali wayesebenza ehotele, phezu emkhombeni, endleleni eya ekhaya eSt Petersburg. Yena phantse wawugqiba inoveli, uze emva koko ... waya watshisa ngqangi.

Dostoevsky waqalisa ukusebenza kwakhona, yaye lo gama iinxalenye ezimbini zokuqala umsebenzi yapapashwa print babe ngabokudliwa yonke St. Petersburg, yena olukhawulezisiweyo isantya wokudala ezinye ezintathu, kuquka: UYobi.

Uluhlu Iziqulatho I - II yenoveli

"Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" - umxholo yenoveli ibonakala ngokucacileyo sele imisebenzi wegcisa.

Ophambili - Rodion Raskolnikov - bagqiba ngomhla lokubulala kunye nokuphanga ubudala umfazi mali. Kwelinye icala, lo mfana iyayixhasa isenzo sakhe, ukuze yena nentsapho yakhe abasweleyo. Rodion uziva inoxanduva isiphelo omthandayo, kodwa kukunceda ubuncinane into udade wabo kunye nonina, kufuneka imali eninzi. Kwelinye icala, ukubulala isenzo kakubi kwaye sinesono.

Rodion Wamitha wenza ngempumelelo ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kodwa kwinxalenye yesibini ye kwinoveli, yena ujamelene nengxaki enkulu ngaphezu ubuhlwempu - iqala uze kusithuthumbisa isazela. Igula luvo, kubonakala ukuba yonke into uyazazi izenzo zakhe. Ngenxa yoko, Rodion uqalisa buhlungu nzima. Emva kokuba alulame, abantu abaselula ukuba bacinge nzulu malunga nendlela kukumnikezela kwabasemagunyeni. Kodwa nolwazi Sonia Marmeladov kunye ifika kwidolophu umama kunye udade ngexesha kwanyanzeleka ukuba ayiyeke le ngcamango.

Iziqulatho III - IV yenoveli

Amaqhawe "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" inoveli ye-3 neye-4 le kwakusasa usukelo zabo.

Esandleni udade wakhe Rodion - Dunja - ibango azilungise ngqo 3: nguMcebisi Court uPyotr Luzhin, Svidrigailov mhlaba kunye umhlobo Rodion - Razumikhin. Rodion Razumihin yaye uyakwazi ukuba iyawadodobalisa emsithweni ezicwangcisiweyo Dunya kunye Luzhin, kodwa lona amagqabi nomsindo ecinga ukuba ayinonophele njani impindezelo.

Rodion Raskolnikov liya ebotshelelwe Sonia Marmeladov - intombi umhlobo wakhe emva kwexesha. Bancokole intombazana malunga nobomi, bachithe ixesha kunye.

Kodwa Rodion oxhonywe ilifu elimnyama - kwakukho amangqina ababengqina kwisikhululo samapolisa ukuba kutshanje weza Raskolnikov mali rhoqo babulawe. Umfana kodwa kukhululwa kwisikhululo samapolisa, kodwa yena uhlala umrhanelwa eyintloko.

V Content yenoveli. UYobi

Iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kwinoveli "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" ziintloko phezu inxalenye 5 imveliso kunye UYobi.

Woniweyo Luzhin uzama zokwenza ifreyimi Sonya Marmeladov, akuba oko kuyo isela yaye ngaloo ndlela wawa Raskolnikov. Noko ke, icebo lakhe zange baphumelele, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba umi phi Rodion waqonda Sonia ukubulala.

Ityala solwaphulo-mthetho Raskolnikov kuthatha ongaphandle, kodwa umphandi into Qinisekisa ukuba Rodion wenza ulwaphulo-mthetho, ngoko ukutyelela umfana aphinde azame ukuqinisekisa ukuba anikezele.

Ngeli xesha Svidrigailov uzama woo Dunya amandla, watyhwatyhwa intombazana luphinde ludubuleke naye ivolovolo. Xa gun misfires, kunye Dunya ukuqinisekisa ukuba umnini-mhlaba lowo akayithandi kuye, Svidrigailov ukhupha intombazana. Ukuba kunikelwe 15,000 Sonia Marmeladov kunye Raskolnikov 3000 intsapho, umnini-mhlaba uya kuba ukuzibulala.

Rodion wavuma lokubulala kunye obiza ufumana nzima iminyaka 8 'eSiberia. Sonia wamthumela ekuthinjweni. Ubomi endala kuba umfundi yangaphambili igqithile, kodwa ngenxa yothando wentombazana, kunjani kwisigaba esitsha iqala ebomini bakhe.

Ngumfanekiso Rodion Raskolnikov

Xa inoveli "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" Rodion Raskolnikov abalinganiswa kunye novavanyo izenzo zakhe okunene uphiwa ngaye ngumbhali luyathandabuzeka.

Lo mfana yinzwana, smart ngokwaneleyo, sinokuthi namabhongo. Kodwa imeko yokuphila wayifumana yena, okanye mandithi imeko yentlalo akavumi naye kakhulu ukuqonda iitalente zabo, kodwa kugqibezela izifundo zam eyunivesithi, ukufumana umsebenzi ophucukileyo. udade wayo imalunga "ukuthengisa" umntu yomazalelela (atshate Luzhin kuba imeko yakhe). unina Raskolnikov uhleli usizi, kunye nentombi yam kwanyanzeleka oonongogo. Kwaye Rodion akazange abone nayiphi na indlela ukubanceda kunye nawe, kodwa ukufumana isixa esikhulu semali. Kodwa ukuqonda ingcamango zophuculo ekhawulezayo kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokusebenzisa ngokuphanga (kulo mzekelo, ibange ukubulawa).

Ngokutsho yokuziphatha, Raskolnikov kwafuneka akukho unelungelo lokuthabatha ubomi bomnye umntu, kunye neengxoxo ukuba umfazi omdala, ukuze abe nexesha elincinane ubomi, okanye ukuba akanalo ilungelo lokuba "zhidovat" entabeni abanye abantu - oku sisingxengxezo kwaye akukho sizathu ukumbulala. Kodwa Raskolnikov, nangona, kwaye agonizes phezu isenzo sakhe, kude kube kutshanje ingqalelo ngokwakhe elimsulwa; wacacisa izenzo zakhe ngokuthi ukuba wacinga ngalo mzuzu kuphela ngendlela anokubanceda ngayo intsapho.

Sonia Marmeladov

Xa inoveli "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" inkcazo yomfanekiso Sony njengoko ziphikisana njengoko Raskolnikov: umfundi uza ngoko nangoko ukuyibona kuwo imimoya lokuzalwa.

Sonia - elungileyo kunye ingqondo ukuzinikela, oko kubonakala ukusuka ukuziphatha kwayo nabanye abantu. Yena nguye "iindaba ezilungileyo, 'kodwa ngelo xesha ongunongogo. henyukazi uhlonipha - ukuba ibe ngamazwi?

Nangona kunjalo, olu shishino iye Sonia ayikho kuba sele ecinga ubuhule - kuba kuphela kwendlela intombi entle abangafundanga yokuziphilisa, bona ngokwabo kuphela, kodwa nezalamane zakhe: Umama wakhe UKaterina Ivanovna kunye nesiqingatha-abazalwana noodade abathathu. Ngenxa yoko, Sonia - kuphela baya eSiberia emva Rodion kuye ukuxhasa ngephanyazo enzima.

Le ndlela ngamazwi - isiseko ngokoqobo Dostoevsky, kuba kwihlabathi lenene, izinto kusenokwenzeka ukuba babe ngabantu abamnyama okanye abamhlophe kuphela, kwakunye kuphela. Ngoko ke, ekucoceni umphefumlo intombazana phantsi kweemeko ezithile ukuze inxaxheba kumsebenzi engcolile ebomini kunye nomoya omhle lo mfana - nobuganga ukumbulala.

Arkady Svidrigailov

Arkady Svidrigailov - omnye umlinganiswa kwinoveli (mhlaba oneminyaka engama-50 ubudala), nto leyo iinkalo ezininzi zifane nje Raskolnikov. Ngoko akukho ngozi, kodwa ulwamkelo, othe wonyulelwa ukuba ngumbhali. Yintoni umongo wayo?

"Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" izele imifanekiso ezimbini, kunokwenzeka ukubonisa ukuba abantu abaninzi babe neempawu ezithandekayo ngokulinganayo nezimbi, umntu onokuhamba phezu umendo efanayo ebomini, kodwa ke isiphumo ubomi zawo ngamaxesha ukhetha wena.

Arkady Svidrigailov - umhlolo. Nokuba ngexesha umfazi live wayesixhaphaza udade Raskolnikov, lowo kwinkonzo abanayo. Xa umfazi wayo - uMarta P. - wafa, umnini-mhlaba weza ukubuza isandla Avdotia Raskolnikov.

Svidrigailov engaphezu emagxeni abo izono abaninzi kurhanelwa ukubulala, ukudlwengula kunye uburheletyo. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuthintela umntu ukuba ngulomntu kuphela abayinyamekelayo yentsapho ongasekhoyo Marmeladov ngemali nje kuphela, kodwa wongezelela umntwana kwikhaya leenkedama emva kokufa umama wabo. Svidrigailov indlela okungenaluzsini kokuzama ukufumana Dunya, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kuba buhlungu kakhulu ukungathandi intombazana yaye lenza ukuzibulala, eshiya udade Raskolnikov imali ngayo zelifa. Ngabafo kunye nobudlova lo mntu adityaniswa iipateni zabo entsonkothileyo, njengoko ku Raskolnikov.

PP Luzhin ngomfanekiso kwinkqubo inoveli

Pet Petrovich Luzhin ( "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya") - kwenye "double" Raskolnikov. Raskolnikov ukuba enze uthelekisa ngokwakhe zenzo uNapoleon, yaye ngoko Luzhin - a uNapoleon ixesha lakhe ngendlela esulungekileyo: abanganyanisekanga, ukunyamekela kuphela ngokwabo, befuna ukwenza imali eninzi ngalo naliphi na iindleko. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto Raskolnikov umthiyile amanye lucky: emveni Rodion waza wacinga ukuba ngenxa impumelelo yayo, unelungelo lokuba ukubulala umntu, isiphelo ogama kwabonakala kuye kangako.

Luzhin ( "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya") - kuthe tye kakhulu, njengoko ngumlinganiswa, caricatures kunye anqunyulwe ephikisanayo ezendeleyo njengamaqhawe Dostoevsky kaThixo. Sinako ukucinga ukuba umbhali uPetros ngabom wenza ngaloo ndlela, ngoko waba isimntwiso ecacileyo zibhuqe yongxowankulu, nto leyo eye yaba joke okhohlakeleyo efana kunye naye Raskolnikov.

Ukushicilela le noveli aphesheya

"Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya", ibali kwendalo apho kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama emithandathu, iye banconywa kakhulu neempapasho amazwe. Ngowe-1866, izahluko eziliqela yenoveli sele iguqulelwe French ipapashwe kwi «Courrier russe».

E eJamani, umsebenzi yapapashwa phantsi kwesihloko «Raskolnikov» kwaye ngo-1895 wapapasha kwegazi lakhe izihlandlo-2 ngaphezu nayiphi na eminye imisebenzi Dostoevsky.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. inoveli "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" sele iguqulelwe, Czech,,, Catalan, iilwimi Italian Polish Serbian Lithuanian, njl

lithathelwe inoveli

Amaqhawe inoveli "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" inemibala kangangokuba umdla ukuba uhlobo screen yenoveli ngaphezu kwakanye bathathwa kokubini eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe. Kuqala umboniso - "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" - uvele eRashiya ngo-1909 (kwayala yi Vasily Goncharov.). Oku kwalandelwa kukhubazeko umboniso ngo-1911, 1913, 1915

Ngo-1917 umhlaba wabona umfanekiso umlawuli American Lawrence McGill, ngowe-1923, umboniso "Raskolnikov" yakhupha umlawuli waseJamani uRobert Wiene.

Emva koko lwafotwa malunga 14 naphaya kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Works of Russian waba film serial "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" latest ngo-2007 (dir. NguDmitry Svetozarov).

Romance esikweni ethandwayo

Kwi movie, inoveli Dostoevsky zidla tshe kwi ezandleni amaqhawe ukukhonza isiphelo sabo; kwi m / f "The Incredible Adventures of Wallace Gromit: iinwele" ngu zero "," t / c 'Ingcuka, "" Omama yokuphelelwa lithemba ", njl

Xa umdlalo computer «Sherlock Holmes: Organised & Iindlela Zokohlwaya» enye iziqephu kunye negama inoveli Dostoevsky ngayo le ncwadi ibonakala ngokucacileyo ukususela Sherlock Holmes ezandleni zakhe, kodwa gta IV «Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" umdlalo - ligama elinye namagqiza.

Raskolnikov House St. Petersburg

Kukho ukuqashisela ukuba Dostoevskiy Fedor Mihaylovich bangenise hero yakhe kwindlu ukuba ngokwenene ikhona eSt Petersburg. Abaphandi wenza ezi zinto, njengoko inoveli Dostoevsky kuthiwa: indlu Raskolnikov likaThixo "S." Lane, ecaleni kwe "Ngu th 'kwebhulorho. E Umchweli ngokwenene Lane-5 yindlu nezingasetyenziswa ngokunjalo ngere- ukuba inoveli. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi sakhiwo ngomnye amabala kubakhenkethi kakhulu watyelela eSt Petersburg.