Ulwakhiwo kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-State Duma yeRussia Federation: uludwe, imisebenzi kunye nempawu

I-State Duma yeRussia Federation yikamelo le-Federal Assembly. ERashiya yilawulwa igunya eliphezulu. Ukwakhiwa kokugqibela kwe-State Duma kukhethwe yivoti ethandwayo, i-term of deputy authority iminyaka emi-5.

Ngubani osePalamente

Amagunya amagosa e-State Duma ye-VII yokubanjelwa ukusebenza ngomhla kaSeptemba 18, 2016. Ngaloo mini, unyulo lukazwelonke lwabanjelwa, oluye lwaqinisekisa ukubunjwa kwe-State Duma zombini kwiintlobo zeqela kunye nakwiindawo ezigunyazisiweyo.

Ukuvota ukuvota kwaba malunga nama-48 ekhulwini. Amaqela angene kwipalamente yaseburhulumenteni ayimfuneko ukuqokelela ama-5 ekhulwini evoti. Ukuphumelela kwisithili esisigunyaziso esisodwa, kwakwanele ukufumana uninzi oluninzi.

IKhomishoni yoKhetho oluPhakathi ivumele amaqela e-14 ezopolitiko ukuba athathe inxaxheba kulo lonyulo. Lawa ngamalungu asisigxina kuwo wonke unyulo - i-United Kingdom yaseRussia, iqela lamaKhomanisi, i-Liberal Democratic Party, iRussia yaseRussia, i-Yabloko. Imva nje ibonakala yombutho wezopolitiko - "iSicwangciso soLuntu", "i-Civil Force", "Imifino", "amaPatriti waseRashiya", "Ama-Motherland", "IQumrhu laseRashiya labaPensheni boBulungisa". Imikhosi yezopolitiko esandula ukujoyina umzabalazo weephini ezihlalo - "iiKomanisi zaseRashiya", "iQela lokuKhula", kunye neqela elichasayo kakhulu "PARNAS".

Ngokweziphumo zokubala, amaqela amane kuphela anqamle umqobo we-5%. IUnited State yaquka i-United Kingdom yaseRussia, eyayifumana ngaphezu kwama-54 ekhulwini evoti, iNkcubeko yamaKhomanisi kunye ne-LDPR ithatha indawo yesibini neyesithathu, ifumana iipesenti ezili-13 nganye, kunye neRussia eyiNtando ithatha indawo ye-4 kunye ne-6.22 ekhulwini.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-State Duma yeRashiya YaseRussia yaqulunqwa ngabameli babantu abaphumelele kwiindawo ezigunyazisiweyo. Ukongezelela kumaqela adlulisa umqobo we-5%, abameli bakaRomina, iCacic Platform kunye nomntu oyedwa otyunjelwe kwiDuma.

Ulwakhiwo lwePalamente

Isiseko esibalulekileyo kwisakhiwo se-State Duma sixhobo sayo. Imisebenzi yayo ibandakanya inkxaso yezomthetho kunye nenkqubo yemisebenzi yabameli belizwe. Kananjalo usebenze kunye namaxwebhu, uhlalutyo, uvavanyo lweenkcukacha, imali, izinto kunye nezobugcisa, ukubonelelwa kweemeko zentlalo kunye neendawo zokuhlala kubaphathi. Intloko yokuqala ye-apparatus yayinguAndrei Voykov ngo-1994. Ngoku oku kuthunyelwe nguJahan Pollyev. Nangona kubakho ukhetho olutsha lwe-State Duma lonyulwa, walondoloza isikhundla sakhe.

Inendima ebalulekileyo yowesihlalo we-State Duma. Unoxanduva lokuseka ukusebenzisana namanye amasebe karhulumente - isigwebo kunye nesigqeba. Kwintlanganiso yokuqala, iPalamente iqhutywe ngu-Ivan Rybkin, ngoku esi sikhundla sihlala nguVyacheslav Volodin.

Iimbutho eziphambili zephalamende yaseburhulumenteni ezithatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokwenza umthetho yiikomiti ze-State Duma. Ukubunjwa kwabo kubunjwa ngokomgaqo wokulinganisa: mangaphi amaninzi avela kumacandelo afakwe kwi-State Duma, ngokulinganisela okuya kubakholwa kwiikomiti.

Yonke imiba enokuthi ifakwe kwi-ajenda yeentlanganiso ze-Duma zixutyushwa ekuqaleni kwiikomishoni ezifanelekileyo. Ngoku ku-Duma kukho iikomishoni kwiinkxaso zomthetho, ngohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nokwakhiwa, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Umsebenzi wokucwangcisa umsebenzi wePalamente unikwe iBhunga le-Duma kaRhulumente. Unyanzelekile ukuba agqibezele ukuphuhliswa kwemithetho ebhaliweyo yeentlanganiso ezizayo zendlu ephantsi.

Uluhlu lwamaqela asekela

Kwindibano nganye, abaphathi bayasebenzisa ilungelo labo lokwenza amaqela, kunye namaqela. Ngexesha elifanayo kunye namaqela epalamente azimele asebenze ngezikhathi ezithile.

Imibutho yasePhalamende engekho exotic yayivela ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya kwintlanganiso yesine. Umzekelo, "I-Anti-NATO" okanye "amaqela amabhinqa".

Ukwakhiwa kwamagosa aseburhulumenteni kaRhulumente we-Duma ngoku sele iqulunqe amaqela ngokuhambelana nobulungu beqela labaphathi. Imeko efanayo yaveliswa kwi-Duma yeentlanganiso ezintathu zokugqibela. Amaqela azimeleyo kunye namaqumrhu abuyele kwimbali ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Amalungelo kunye noXanduva

Imisebenzi yamagosa aseburhulumenteni awamalungu e-State Duma ngamacandelo kunye namacandelo anikwe igunya elilodwa anqunywe kumthetho wezemithetho. Bahlulwe ngamaqela amabini.

Iyokuqala ibandakanya ezo ipalamente enyanzelekile ukuba zenze ngqo kwi-State Duma.

Ezi zivakaliso zomlomo kumalungu karhulumente, uMtshutshisi-Jikelele kunye namanye amagosa aphakamileyo, iintetho kwiiseshoni nakwiintlanganiso, ukuthatha inxaxheba emsebenzini weekomiti zeDuma kunye neekomishoni.

Kwimeko yakhe, isekela libophezelekile ukuba lifake izicelo kuzo zonke iintlobo zamagosa karhulumente, imibutho kunye namashishini kwizibheno zabemi abaza kuye baze bafune iimpendulo. Abamele abantu bayakhululekile ukufumana amagosa, kwaye banelungelo lokufumana nokusabalalisa ulwazi, ukuba aluvaliwe ngokukodwa.

Ziziphi iimpepha ezingafuneki ukuba zenze?

Nangona ukuba umthetho awululwanga kuphela amalungelo, kodwa kunye nemisebenzi yepalamente, enye, ecacileyo phakathi kwabo. Kuwumsebenzi wokuya kwiiseshoni ze-State Duma.

Ukungabikho kwalo mgaqo kumthetho kubangelwa ukuba izigwebo zoluleko azisebenzisiyo kubaphathi abathile abangabikho. Ngokungafani nomthetho waseRashiya, kwindlela yokusebenza kwamazwe angaphandle, isikhundla seasekela sichazwe ngcaciso engaphezulu, kwaye ingqwalasela eninzi ihlawulwa kwiintlawulo ezingasetyenziswa kubantu abakhethweyo xa kwenzeka ukungaphumeleli ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngqo.

Iimpawu ze-State Duma ye-VII

Inxalenye ephambili ye-State Duma yale nhlangano entsha kukuba ngokokuqala ngqa kwimbali yaseRashiya yanamhlanje, elinye lamaqela amelelwe ephalamende lininzi linomgaqo-siseko. Ezi zimbini zontathu zezihlalo epalamente.

Ngenxa yolu lonyulo, i-United States yaseRashiya yafumana izihlalo ezingama-343 kwindlu engaphantsi kwe-450. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaphathi beli phanga banokudlula nayiphi na imithetho ngaphandle kokuxhasa abameli bezinye iipolitiki. Emva kwakho konke, amalungu amanye amaqela ambalwa ngamanye amaxesha. Kwi-Duma kaRhulumente kukho kuphela iiKomanisi ezingama-42, ii-39 ze-Liberal Democrats kunye namalungu angama-23 e-"Russia efanelekileyo".