Ukwakhiwa kwePhaneli, izindlu ezithengiweyo

Ukwakhiwa kwePhaneli yenye yeendlela zokwakha ezikhethiweyo. Isekelwe ekusebenziseni i- slabs enekritshi ekhonjiweyo okanye iipaneli ezikhethiweyo. Iimveliso ezinjalo zisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala nezakhiwo ezinkulu zokuhlala. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kumsebenzi wehlabathi kuye kwafumaniswa ukusasazwa kwayo, oku kwafunyanwa ziimfuneko ezintathu eziphambili, phakathi kwazo:

• Isidingo sokwakha ubuninzi;
• Ukufumaneka kwezixhobo ezibonakalayo ezifanelekileyo;
• Ukulungiswa kweendawo ezininzi zokwakha izakhiwo.

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zePhaneli akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba kukho iindlela zendlela, ezimele zihluke kumandla omthwalo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye nobubanzi, kuba le ndlela isebenzisa ubuchule obukhethekileyo bokunikezelwa kweeyunithi zokufakela. Izixhobo ezinamandla zokuphakamisa iinqwelo zikwasetyenziswa kwakhona, kuba ubunzima beepaneli bungafikelela kwiitoni ezi-9, kwaye ukufikelela kwebhoom kungama-30 m. Iimpawu ezintle zolu lwakhiwo zendlu zizakhiwo ezinokukhawuleza, ukulungela okuphezulu ukugqiba imisebenzi, umgangatho wezakhiwo kunye nezinto ezikhethiweyo, ezikufutshane ezenziwe ngamaziko Indlela.

Ithemba

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zePhaneli kukhula ngokunyanisekileyo namhlanje. Njengazo naziphi na ezinye i-teknoloji, ezichazwe ziphuhlise ezintsha izakhiwo zobunjineli, ukuyila nokucwangcisa izicwangciso. Ngokomzekelo, namhlanje ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ngeenkwenkwezi ngaphandle kwemigangatho yenziwa. Emva koko, ngoku kutshanje njengoko kwaziwa, inokwenzeka yokusebenzisa ubuchwephesha bokungcebeleka ngaphandle, okubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweepaneli eziphathekayo zeekhonkrithi ezizinzileyo. Oku kuphazamiseka akulibaziseli ukuhanjiswa kwezinto ngexesha, njengoko umsebenzi ofanayo uqhutyelwa ngokuhambelana nokufakela izibonelelo kunye nokuphunyezwa kokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi kwezakhiwo.

Ukuba sicinga ngokubanzi ngeteknoloji engathuliyo yokumisa i-facade, kuya kuqatshelwa ukuba isiphaluka ngasinye sihlanganiselwe kwiipaneli ezizimeleyo, ubunzima obuyahlukahluka ukusuka kwi-120 ukuya kwi-160 mm. Emva koko, uluhlu lwangaphandle luqiniswa ngoluhlu lwe-heat-insulating of materials ezibonakaliswe ngumlinganiselo ophantsi we-conductivity. Ukongezelela kulo khuselo, i-heater isebenza njengesiseko sokusetyenziswa kwesalathisi. Ngaphezulu kobunqamlezo obunjiweyo kufakelwe ukubunjwa kokubambisana, ubuninzi bawo buyahlukahluka ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-4 mm. I-fiberglass mesh ishicilelwe kwisakhiwo sokubambelela, kwaye isithuba sokuqala se-primer sisetyenziswa.

Isigaba sokugqibela sokugqiba kwangaphandle kusetyenziswe i-polymeric, i-mineral or plaster. Lo mbono wokwakhiwa kwezindlu lwepaneli uvumelekile ukuba unike izakhiwo ukubonakala kwangoku, ukuphucula iimpawu zabo zokuqhawulwa kwamafutha kunye nokuvala amanyathelo angaphakathi-panel, ukususa amabhuloho abandayo. Ngexesha elinye ixesha ukuvuza kungabandakanywa, oku kungabangela ukuqhwala kweendonga zangaphandle.

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zibonakaliswe ngabanye, ngoku ziyakwazi ukuba nomklamo wombala ocebile kwaye zinokulungiswa lula xa ziyimfuneko. Iinjongo zekwakhiwa kwendlu yepaneli ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwefowuni yokuphuza umoya, kwinkqubo eyenziwe ngayo iipenelesi ze-porcelain, ziqiniswe yindlela yokugqiba ngaphandle. Ukusabalala okukhawuleza kweli teknoloji kubangelwa kukuba iipaneli zinomgangatho ophezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo ze-monolithic.

Eziyinzuzo

Ukuqwalasela iingenelo zokwakhiwa kwezindlu zepaneli, kuyaqatshelwa ukuba izakhiwo ezinjalo ziphantsi kakhulu. Izindlu kwizakhiwo zolu hlobo zinenzuzo kakhulu, kwaye ukuba uthelekisa intengo yefulethini endlwini yiphaneli eneendawo zokuhlala kwisakhiwo sezitena, umehluko uya kubaluleka. Ngaphezu koko, unakho ukubiza isantya sokwakhiwa. Ngokomzekelo, isakhiwo se- 17-storey singakhiwa liqela leengcali kwiinyanga ezintandathu, ngelixa ukwakha i-monolith kuya kuthatha iminyaka engama-2.5.

Izakhiwo zekhonkrithi ezenziwe ngokulungelelweyo zithunyelwa kwisiza sokwakhiwa, esinciphisa ishedyuli yomsebenzi. Iipaneli zangaphandle sele zineebhloko zet window, kwaye ngaphakathi zingekho iziteshi zokubeka i-wiring zombane. Ukuba unomdla kwiintlobo zezindlu zepaneli, unokubangela ingqalelo kwiinkqubo zangaphakathi. Iipaneli zenziwe kwisityalo, kungekudala ukuba zihlupheke ngokubetha abanikazi abangenayo. Musa ukuza kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo.

Ezi zakhiwo ziphantse zihlale phantsi, ngoko abanini banokuqalisa ukulungisa emva kokugqitywa kokwakhiwa. Kwaye kwindlu esanda kwakhiwa, akuyi kubakho ukuphazamiseka nezinye iimpazamo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinjalo kuhlaziywa kwaye kuhlaziywa. Sekudlulileyo kulo nyaka, kucetywayo ukwakha imfuno emitsha, iiprojekthi ezintsha ziya kulungiswa ngokukhululekile, kunye neenkwenkwezi - izinto ezahlukeneyo.

Iingxaki ezingundoqo

Ukwehluleka okukhulu kwindlu yokwakhiwa kwezindlu kungabonwa ngokuba khona kweemigangatho, okwangoku kusekho phakathi kweepaneli, ukuba ukwakhiwa akusekelwe kwitheknoloji entsha. Ukuba iintlobo ezincinci ziya kubakho kumalungu, umswakama uya kungena kwigumbi, ngenxa yoko iindonga ziya kuba mncinane, kwaye isikhunta siza kubonakala phezu kwawo. I-Minus yindlela ephantsi yokuqokelela ubushushu. Ebusika, iindonga ziphosa ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ehlobo zifudumala ngokukhawuleza.

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zephaneli namhlanje kuseqhutywe ngokobuchwepheshe obudala, ngoko izakhiwo ezinjalo zinokungalungi, phakathi kwazo:

• Ucwangciso olungaphumeleliyo;
• Ikhosi yephahla;
• Ukuhlangana kwamakhaya;
• Ukungabikho kwimeko yokuphucula uphuhliso.

Iintlobo eziphambili zezakhiwo zepaneli

Ukuba uhlenga izakhiwo ezichaziweyo, unokukhetha isakhelo kunye nezakhiwo ezingenamgangatho. Uhlobo lokuqala luyi-panel-panel, ngelixa uhlobo lwesibini lubandakanya izindlu ezinkulu. Iphaneli yesikhokelo sinokuhlulwa kwiiplani ezimbini zokwakha ezongezelelweyo: ngokugcwele kunye nefomathi yangaphakathi. Ukuba kukho isakhelo esipheleleyo, ngoko isakhiwo sakhiwe ngoncedo lwangaphandle kunye neepaneli ezinobumba ngeendlela zokugqithisa. Iipaneli zilungisa iipaneli kunye neesahlulo zangaphakathi. Ukuba isakhiwo sakhiwe usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe befowuni epheleleyo, ngoko-ndlela isetyenziswe kwindlela yokwenza i-longitudinal kunye neyantlukwano. Kwi-panel panel ihlala ubude be-span ingahluka ukusuka kwi-5.6 ukuya kwi-6 m. Phakathi kwesakhiwo kukho iikholomu, umgama phakathi kokungafani ukusuka kwi-3.2 ukuya kwi-3.6 m.

Iimpawu zezakhiwo ezingenamgangatho

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zendawo enkulu kunokuba kubangelwe ukwakha okungenasakhiwo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinani leendawo zokugcina kunye nenjongo yesakhiwo, kunokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa iiplani ezinxulumene nezakhiwo, ezi: izakhiwo ezithwala isahlulo sangaphakathi nangaphandle kunye neengxenye ezihambayo, izakhiwo kunye neenkxaso zangaphandle eziphathekayo, kunye nezindlu ezithwala izindonga zangekho zangaphandle nezangexesha elide.

Ukuba ngumbuzo wezakhiwo ezineesahlulo ezitshintshileyo, ngoko kuzo izinto ezixhasayo zizahlulo zangaphakathi ezithintekayo apho kufakwe inkxaso. Iipaneli zangaphandle kule meko ziyancipha kwaye ziqiniswa, zikhonza njengezinto zokucima, ekubeni umthwalo ovela kwi-overlays ayibonakali ngabo.

Inkqubo yezobuchwepheshe

Isakhiwo sokwakhiwa kwendlu, iteknoloji echazwe kwinqaku, libonelela ukukhululwa kwezinto kumashishini akhethekileyo, abizwa ngokuba yimveliso yefom-panel kunye nokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezinkulu. Ukwakhiwa kwezinto zakhiwo esikhulu kwiphaneli kwenziwa kwindlela yeendlela ezintathu eziphambili, okokuthi: ukwakheka okusemgangathweni kwiakhasethi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-flow-flow flow or method conveyor, kunye nendlela yokuguqulwa kwesigxina. Kwimeko yokugqibela, isetyenziswe isilutye.

Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, iipaneli ezigqityiweyo zihanjiswa, ngenxa yale njongo, isetter cutters zisetyenzisiweyo, eziyi-trailer okanye i-trailer. Ngamanye amaxesha amandla abo okuphatha amanani angaphezu kweetoni ezingama-24. Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zamanqwanamhla ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukufakwa kwezinto kwi-link yonxibelelwano. Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kukusetyenziswa kwamapaneli angaphandle kunye nee-panels bearing and slabs, ezifakwe ecaleni komnye nomnye, ukuze emva kokuba ikhonkrithi ichithe izihlanganisi kunye neendlela ezibonakalayo zincinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yoko, kunokwenzeka ukudala isakhiwo esisigxina.

Izongezo ezongeziweyo kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwakhiwo lwezindlu lwepaneli

Izixhobo zendlu yepaneli, enokubonakala ngathi i-slabs, iyenziwa kwizakhiwo zokwakha izindlu. Ngomgangatho weemveliso ezinjalo kuya kuhlala kunenzuzo ukuhluka kwalawo akhiwe ngokuthe ngqo kwisiza sokwakha. Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zendawo yesikhombiso kukukhumbuza idibanti yekethi yokuyila abantwana. Indawo yendawo yokwakha iyincinci kuneleyo esetyenziselwa ukwakha indlu yitena. Ixesha elinjalo lokutya kunye nexesha elide, njengoko ukufakwa kokuqiniswa okanye ikhonkrithi, eziyimpawu zokwakha izindlu ze-monolithic, azibandakanyi. Kulo, iingcali zibona inzuzo enkulu kwizinye iintlobo zokwakha.

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zokwakhiwa kwezakhelo kunemingcipheko yayo, eboniswa ngokungenakwenzeka kokuvelisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezakhiwo ezifanayo. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwiindidi zeemeko ezilinganiselwe kwifom esebenzayo. Izityalo zivelisa kuphela ezo zakhiwo ezifuna isicelo esisisigxina. Ukwakheka okubanzi kweteknoloji ekhonjiweyo ekhonkciweyo kubandakanya ukubonakala kwenani elikhulu lezakhiwo ezifanayo, ezikhokelela ekuthotheni ukwakhiwa kwendawo.

Iimpawu zakhiwo zophuhliso lwezindlu zepaneli

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zepaneli yangasese kungaquka ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ze-SIP, umgangatho omele uhlolwe phambi kokuthenga. Ukuba ekuveliseni i-polystyrene ephosakeleyo ye-foam okanye iglue, oku kunokunciphisa ubomi bendlu. Musa ukuthenga iipaneli ezenziwe yindlela yokusebenzisa i-gluing manual, iimveliso ezinjalo, nangona zingabizi, kodwa zibe nomgangatho ophantsi.

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zokwakhiwa kwamacandelo kufuneka kwenziwe emva kokukhangela amaxwebhu, eqinisekisa ubungakanani beemveliso. Amandla weepaneli anqunywe ngumgangatho we-polystyrne eyandisiweyo. Ukuphakanyiswa kwendlu enjalo kucetyiswa ukuba kusekwe isiseko sekholomu usebenzisa iibumba. Ngamanye amaxesha isiseko esicacileyo esingqongileyo sihleliwe . Isiseko esinjalo siba nenkxaso ethembekileyo nakwizakhiwo ezininzi. Ukuba isiseko esinjalo asifanelekanga isizathu sokuthi umhlaba unqabile, kukulungele ukukhetha isiseko sombambo wesiseko esicacileyo, kufuneka sibe nenxalenye ephantsi. Xa ukwakhiwa kwindlu, apho kuya kubakho umgangatho ophantsi okanye umgangatho wangaphantsi, kuyafaneleka ukuyeka kwisiseko se- slab. Kuyafaneleka malunga nayiphi na umhlaba kwaye usebenza ngokuphezulu.

Ubugcisa bokwakha

Izindlu ezivela kwiiplabhu zeplanethi ziqala ukwakhiwa ukususela kwisakhiwo sokusekwa kwesiseko. Iteknoloji yofakelo lwayo iya kuxhomekeka kwiintlobo ze-substrate ekhethiweyo. Phakathi kweenzuzo zesiseko kwiipilisi zefreyibha ziyakwazi ukukhangela isivinini somsebenzi, kwakunye nexesha labo lonke. Le faniso ifanelekileyo, ukuba uyayifaka ingqalelo kwi-slab okanye kwi-tape base.

Emva kokuba isiseko sigqityiwe, kunokwenzeka ukuqala ukungena kwamanzi, okuya kuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwiseko yendlu ukusuka kumanzi. Ukuba kukho izinto ezenziweyo zensimbi okanye zokhuni, kufuneka ziphathwe ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo eziphucula umgangatho kunye nobomi benkonzo ende. Ukuba izifowuni zifakwe, i-bar bundling ibeke phezu kwayo, kodwa ngaphambi koko kuyimfuneko ukubeka izinto zokuphahla kwiindawo ezi-2. Ukufakwa kwebhar kwenziwa ngokweenkqubo elungiselelwe kakuhle.

Izindlela zomsebenzi

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zephaneli kwisigaba esilandelayo kubandakanya ukufakwa komgangatho. Inxalenye engezantsi yeepaneli ze-SIP iphathwa ngekhambi lokungena amanzi, elivimbela ukuba izinto zingabonakali. Ukupaka iipaneli phakathi kwabo, ungasebenzisa uxhumano lwe-tenon-groove kunye nebha. Icala ngalinye liqiniswa ngesipopu sokuzibamba.

Ngaphambi kokufakela, i-foam ephakamileyo kufuneka isetyenziswe kwicala le-stud-groove yeepaneli. Emva koko, iipaneli zihlanganiswe ngamabhodi enkuni. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, unokuqala ukuphakamisa umgangatho wokuqala. Umsebenzi uqhutyelwa kumgca ophantsi. Ukuphambuka okuncinci kakhulu kwiprojekthi akuvunyelwanga, njengoko oku kuya kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kokufakela kwendawo elandelayo. Iindonga ngeli nqanaba mazibekwe uphawu, iipaneli zekona kufuneka zifakwe ukuze zidibanise. Emva koko, iipaneli ziphakanyisiwe ngokumalunga nomjikelezo wegumbi ngalinye.

Isiphelo

Ukwakhiwa kwePhaneli kulungiselela ukugqitywa kwendibano yomgangatho wokuqala kwikona. Ukuvala isigaba sokuphela, izixhobo zisetyenziswe kwifom yee-racks. Isinyathelo esilandelayo siya kuba ukufakwa kwezilwanyana, kunye nokwakhiwa kwephahla. Akukho mfuneko yokwakha i-rafter system. Ukufakela kwephahla kusetyenziswa iipenelithi ezikhethekileyo ze-SIP, kwaye ubeka uluhlu lobushushu kunye nomqobo womoya ongekho mfuneko.