Ukutshintsha isakhiwo yesithuthi: iimfuno zomthetho

Le moto namhlanje iindlela zokuhamba, ubomi obutofotofo, nempahla. Abaqhubi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba angenza ntoni imoto obuphezu kwabo nto. Ingakumbi, abawenza utshintsho lobume isithuthi eso ngokuhambelana neemfuno kunye neminqweno yabo. Okwangoku, nayiphi na imoto ngumthombo ingozi. Kulo mba, uhlengahlengiso ezithile kunokwandisa isoyikiso nje kuphela abanye abasebenzisi ndlela, kodwa kwakhona ukuba umqhubi. Ngoko ke, kukho umyalelo othile utshintsho. Uyilo lwe isithuthi nga izakulungiswa, kokubona ngokungqongqo iimfuno. Esilandelayo ngokweenkcukacha.

base olumisiweyo

Yintoni umthetho ngezilungiso isakhiwo imoto? Le eyinhloko umthetho ukuba umqhubi ngamnye ezi-SDA. LeMithetho 2 Isicelo langoku. Omnye limisela amatyala apho kungavumelekanga ukusebenza imoto ngaphandle whack. Kule sicelo, kukho n. 7.18. Uthi ukuba ukusebenza isithuthi aluvumelekanga, ukuba wafumana ngokutsha isithuthi, wenziwe ngaphandle mvume efanelekileyo yendlela okanye namanye amaqumrhu egunyaziswe nguRhulumente.

ichazwe

Ukuhlalutya umthetho, omnye kuza kwizigqibo ezilandelayo. Imimiselo musa ukuthintela utshintsho kuyilo isithuthi. Noko ke, emva kokuba ukuqaliswa isithuthi kufuneka endaweni kwaye eziqhutshwa okanye umqhubi kufuneka inxibelelanise nabo abasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo. Ngamanye amazwi, isohlwayo inikwa kuphela kwimeko yolawulo ngomatshini, utshintsho izalwe ezingabhaliswanga kwi amapolisa ezendlela okanye ezinye izakhiwo abanobuchule. Musa ukusebenza ngayo umatshini kunye HBO, kengooryatniki, indawo okanye bafaka imithombo, njalo-off. Ukuba uhlengahlengiso musa abangalupasanga uviwo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ekuhloleni zokungahambisani utshintsho kwezi ikhono le moto. Emva kokwenza iimviwo ze umqhubi lifumana isiqinisekiso kokhuseleko.

lweMelika

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imithetho ekusekeni uxanduva lolawulo ngokwaphula imithetho yendlela. Nangakumbi, imigaqo ukulungiselela umqhubi ongenayo amapolisa ezendlela okanye enye isiphathamandla esinegunya, kodwa kwenziwa ukuguqulwa yoyilo isithuthi, omhle. Kwezinye iimeko, isohlwayo linokusetyenziswa ngummi? Into yokuqala ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na utshintsho kwisakhiwo isithuthi. Phantsi kufuneka kuqondwe koomatshini sase- apho amanye amacandelo, iindawo okanye iindibano kuyo zizakucimwa, wongezelela okanye indawo kunye ezahlukeneyo iparameters efanayo kodwa ke, ukwenzela ukuba iimpawu zobugcisa yesithuthi ayifani njengoko kubonelelwe yi-umenzi.

Uluhlu utshintsho kwisakhiwo kwizithuthi

Yi ukuphululwa enokuchaphazela kakhulu iimpawu zobugcisa isithuthi, kufuneka iquke:

1. Adjustment lohlobo enjini okanye isithuthi.
2. Ukufakelwa izixhobo ezithile ezinokunikezelwa umenzi.
3. Ukutshintsha indawo kunye nenani lezihlalo abakhweli, amatanki amafutha.
4. ubunzima yokulungisa kunye nomlinganiselo.
5. Ukutshintsha imodeli injini, ngaloo ndlela itshintsha amandla ubunzima baso.
6. Ufaka inxenye steering.
7. Nayiphi na imicimbi kunye nezibane isilumkiso kunye zalapho zokukhanya.
8. Uguqulo kwisisu semoto.
9. Ukufakwa kwamanye amacandelo ezinika ukubonakala enikezelwe ngumvelisi, iimeko ezithile post-ingozi kunye nokhuseleko zezenzi, ukubonakala enkulu.
10. Ukufakwa ukubopha okanye inkqubo amafutha kwenye.
11. Ukubeka ivili / disks ubudeki elikhulu amancinane. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka wazi ukuba ubukhulu kumenzi. bavame echazwe kwi kwipleyiti rating ibekwe ukuvulwa kumnyango lokuqhuba. Ukuba ubukhulu be Recordable diski, apho ebekumele ukuba ukuseka, ngaphakathi elamkelekileyo, ngoko ukuphumeza utshintsho lobume sithuthi mfuneko.

Oku zonke uhlengahlengiso ukuba ungenza umqhubi.

Utshintsho kubume isithuthi (2016)

Cinga nje iimeko ezimbalwa ukuguqulwa isithuthi. Xa ufakela koqiniso erhuqwayo kufuneka ufumanise ukuba ingaba ifakwa kuluhlu olusemthethweni izixhobo ezongezelelweyo. Bethwele koqiniso, eyenzelwe imithwalo enzima, anamathele yi bolting okanye iwelding iziqalelo amandla matshini. Le utshintsho kwisakhiwo isithuthi kufuna ubhaliso. Noko ke, lo mgaqo iye ngaphandle. Bona elungiselelwe nezakhiwo ngokulula asuswayo ukuba wayamene izinto ngamandla. Ezi ziquka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuquka nezinye izinto ayinakususwa kwisingxobo, zokubopha ngenxa nasemkhenkceni, iibhayisekile njalo njalo.

Ifakela tank enkulwana

Ukusuka kwindawo emisiweyo lwembono, le ukuxhaphaza ziya kuqwalaselwa njenge utshintsho kwisakhiwo kwisithuthi. 2016 kuye alukapheli, kodwa ezinye inkqubo esele esekwe ngokumalunga noku. Ngokukodwa, ibonisa ukuba amapolisa ezendlela endleleni leyo ukuziyela ingqalelo nomthamo etankini. Ukuba yaveliswa kwi-mveliso kwaye isiqinisekiso efakiweyo ngokuhambisana neemfuno, akuthandeki ukuba naziphi abahloli amabango. Iingxaki kungenzeka ukuba kwenzeka abo rhoqo anqumle umda. Amagosa amasiko bangabekwa ityala kwi ukuthutyeleziswa amafutha umqhubi.

bumpers okuso, nabaphangi, izixhobo zomzimba, sokutsala into ngentambo

Zonke ezi zinto kufuneka iphumele inkqubo olusezantsi ubhaliso. An mahle emqukumbelweni, leyo efakwe imodeli kwisiseko ezithengiswa, ovunyiweyo ngumvelisi. Ubunzima zisenokuvela abaqhubi ukuqhuba kumaqweqwe phezu bumpers of zitsha yamandulo, njengoko oko kuya kuthathwa njengokubhalisela ukuhlukunyezwa. Ubhaliso kwiimeko ezininzi, wabazelelela sokutsala into ngentambo. Ngaphandle isebenza kwiimeko apho kubonelelwa kuluhlu kwezixhobo ezongezelelweyo.

Isigaba wokulungiselela

Imigaqo ekuthe ngenxa yawo kwahlaziywa ukuguqulwa ekuvunyelwene zokuyilwa isithuthi (2016), ukulungiselela uviwo. Fumanisa uluhlu-arhente egunyazisiweyo ukuze sibe nokumiliselwa zingafumaneka kwiSebe yommiselo zobugcisa. Emva kokufumana izimvo kufuneka isicelo amapolisa endlela. Eli gunya liya kukhupha imvume utshintsho kuyilo kwisithuthi. Isicelo engeniswa:

1. Tehekspertizy esiphelweni.
2. uxwebhu yesazisi.
3. Nqaku.
4. uxwebhu zemoto.

Ummeli umqhubi kufuneka nazo zingenise amandla egqwetha eqinisekisa amagunya akhe. Ngoko ke, kufuneka uzinike imoto ukuze zihlolwe. Ukuba sigqibo ukutshintsha isakhiwo isithuthi, ungaqalisa, enyanisweni, ukuya manipulation matshini.

bokuqonda

izinto ufakelo iya kwenziwa ngokuzimeleyo, ngokusekelwe nawuphi na umbutho ukuba unalo nokugunyazisa isiqinisekiso uvelise imisebenzi enjalo, okanye inkampani, wathi kwisiphelo tehekspertizy. Kule meko zimbini zokugqibela, igcisa unika umnini wesithuthi isicelo-sibhengezo. Oku kubonisa inani kunye nomgangatho womsebenzi owenziwa. Ukuba imisebenzi yenziwa ngokuzimela, uxwebhu sikhutshiwe, ngokulandelelana, umnini-moto.

Inkqubo yobhaliso

Iinguqu okanye utshintsho kwisithuthi ebhalisiweyo ivavanywa nobungcali. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo umnini imoto ufumana ingxelo. Emva koko kufuneka oyenzayo. Kwakugqitywa ubhaliso yeenguqu ezenziwa kubume isithuthi. Amapolisa yezithuthi kufuneka abonelele:

1. Umqukumbelo uviwo yokuqala, leyo umisela kungenzeka uhlengahlengiso isithuthi.
2. Statement.
3. Uxwebhu makangqinisise ngubani kumqhubi, kwaye ikopi yayo.
4. Nqaku.
5. oomatshini uxwebhu Registration.
6. Imizuzu eli tehekspertizy yesibini.
7. ikhadi uhlolwe sokuhlola.
8. Kwemali eqinisekisa intlawulo komsebenzi karhulumente.
9. Iikopi kwezatifikethi ezisetyenziswa ukulungisa ngokutsha izinto kunye iindawo, abaza kuzisebenzisa kunye izincedisi xa kungekho yophawulo, eqinisekisiwe ngokungqinelana imithetho emiselweyo.

Kwakhona unika isithuthi ngokwaso ukuba zihlolwe.

Iimpawu uxanduva

Njengoko kubonisiwe ngaphambili, isohlwayo utshintsho ngokuvumelana kuyilo isithuthi. Isohlwayo lubekwe r 500. ukuze kulungiswe iindlela zengingqi. Abanye abaqhubi, udibaniso alubonakali enkulu le mali. Kulo mba, kukho abemi abavumelanayo ukuba bathwale ixesha ngalinye isohlwayo ngenxa ukutshintsha yokuyilwa isithuthi. Isohlwayo esekwe Art. 12.5 of the Code Administrative. Ngelo xesha, njengoko kusenziwa imiboniso, kaninzi amapolisa ezendlela usebenzise indlela esebenza nangakumbi ukujongana ukwaphulwa. Ngokukodwa, ukuba umqhubi iza ngokuphindaphindiweyo abahloli kunye notshintsho uyilo oguquguqukayo, iya kupheliswa (cancelled) yobhaliso imoto. Esebenzisa le ndlela, abasebenzi zithetha p. 51 no-3 weMigaqo yobhaliso imoto.

Izizathu zokwala ubhaliso

Bona zinikwe Sec. 3 imithetho ikhankanywe apha ngentla. Ngokuhambelana namalungiselelo abekho phantsi yobhaliso yesithuthi kabani uyilo wenza naluphi na utshintsho kulo ongayithobeliyo imiqathango nemimiselo elawula ukhuseleko ezindleleni. Lo mgaqo mnye uyasebenza iimoto, imeko technical yahlukile ulwazi ziboniswe amaxwebhu angeniswe.

amalungiselelo ezongezelelweyo

Qh. 51 weMigaqo ubhaliso lubonisa ukuba ingxelo kwi-akhawunti, ndihambe ndikhetha kuyo kunye data utshintsho singàphunyezwa kude kugqitywe iitsheki olwenziwe yi-arhente zonyanzeliso lomthetho kunye nokungathotyelwa kunye neMigaqo yoLawulo. Oku kukwasebenza kwezinye iimeko kwasekwa izithethe. Ekuqapheleni iimeko enikwe Sec. 3, ubhaliso isithuthi ihlatyiwe (kupheliswa) ezihambelana iposi division TC yobhaliso. Amaxwebhu Title, iimpawu ziya kubhangiswa kwaye amapolisa endlela. Ukuba ke zanikezelwa, ukuba umemezele kuluhlu opick. Ukucinywa (kokupheliswa) yobhaliso ayisebenzi kwisithuthi, kunye nomhla kwingxelo wobhaliso yayo ngokungqinelana kunye namaxwebhu ezandlalwe kamva fake / ayisebenzi, kwaqengqeleka iminyaka engaphezu kwama-5. Xa msulwa umqhubi iimeko ezabangela ukuba isicelo ngale mithetho ilapha ngasentla, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukubuyiselwa wenziwe kwindawo wokuphelisa yayo. Kwangaxeshanye oko kukhutshwa amaxwebhu amatsha kunye nemiqondiso, ngokunjalo TCP.

inkqubo lokukhanyisa

On kufuneka kuxoxwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Lidla abaqhubi kufakwe nezibane halogen ne xenon. It uthintela ngokucacileyo imithetho, njengoko dazzle beemoto zibe leyini ezayo kwaye kaninzi unobangela zeengozi. Lo mthetho ubonelela, ukongeza zolawulo, nobutyala ngenxa ukuhlukunyezwa. Umqhubi kumelana ukuya unyaka entolongweni nokudliwa kwezixhobo ukukhanyisa kunye nezinye izixhobo ezifanayo.

Isikhumbuzi kubaqhubi

Ukushwankathela konke oku kungasentla, kunokwenzeka ukuba izincomo ezingundoqo abaqhubi abafuna ukutshintsha ekuyilweni imoto yakho. Uguqulo isithuthi, kucetyiswa ukuba ukushiyela isikhululo kweenkonzo ezizodwa ukuba amaxwebhu zibhuqe. Izithuthi kunye utshintsho kwisakhiwo iyafumaneka ukuze ihlolwe kwi amapolisa endlela. Kufuneka kuqala ukulungiselela yonke iphakheji amaxwebhu, kubandakanywa uluvo nengcali zokungahambisani uhlengahlengiso ukuya izakhono zobugcisa isithuthi. Ukungabikho ugunyaziso uhlolo unako ukukhonza njengesiseko hayi kuphela imputation le isohlwayo solawulo; kodwa ngenxa non-ubhaliso. Oku kuthetha ngakumbi ukuba kuya kuba nzima ukwenza nayiphi ujongene TS. Ngaphezu koko, ekufumanekeni kwephulwa uhlolo unokude ukucima ubhaliso, bambambe amaxwebhu kunye neempawu. Xa ukhupha izihlalo nangasemva, oluqhutywa ukwandisa isithuba uzomise kule ndlwana, echongiweyo okokuqala, umqhubi lijongene isohlwayo. Susa ezi zinto zinokusetyenziswa kuphela ukuba ziyaxhonywa hayi kwi nezitshixo latches phezu kumenzi.

Kwakhona, ngaphandle

Akukho kuzo zonke iimeko, umatshini ukuguquka kuya kufuna ubhaliso utshintsho. Ngokukodwa, akuyomfuneko ukuba ufakelo iindibano eyenziwa nezahlulo Ilungiselelwe umenzi isithuthi olongezelelweyo. Uyakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuya kwi amapolisa ezendlela ukuba refitting imoto wenziwe serially. Xa oku isiseko kufeza xwebhu kuyilo. Kufuneka ziyaqulunqwa kunye kuvunyelwana ngayo imithetho emiselweyo. Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko, kufuneka ube lwamanqaku uxwebhu kubhaqwe ngalo isithuthi. Yena ibonisa ukuba inani izatifikethi zokungqina ukuthobela TC, njengoko ulungisiwe, kwakunye ukhuseleko ukuguquka. Olu phawu ivumela ukusebenza kwesithuthi.

isiphelo

Phambi kokuba nokulungiswa imoto kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya izakhono zabo, enyanisweni, ukufaneleka lwemisebenzi. Akuthandabuzeki ukuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, "uphuculwe" uyilo isithuthi inika inani yeenzuzo kumnini. Kodwa asimele silibale malunga ukhuseleko ezindleleni. Ezinye utshintsho kuyilo kukho ingozi enokwenzeka kubasebenzisi bendlela. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, ziquka izibane reinstallation, ngokulungelanisa imeko-steering, isisu semoto. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba imvume kunye nokubhaliswa utshintsho ixesha. Ngaphandle amaxwebhu afanelekileyo isigunyaziso aguqulwa ukusebenza umatshini kungavumelekanga. inhlawulo ukuze umntu ukuze kubonakale singabalulekanga. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba abahloli endlela abe kunye nezinye izixhobo ukujongana nokuhlukunyezwa. Ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuyimfuneko ukuhlangabezana neemfuneko. Kungenjalo, ngokuba fine yolawulo kungalandelwa kurhoxiswe ubhaliso, okanye ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho.