Ukuphuhlisa intetho kwiqela elincinci lokuqala. Iiklasi ekuphuhliseni intetho kwi-pre-school

Intetho yinto ebalulekileyo yengqondo yomntu. Ngokuncediswa kwentetho, sinxibelelana nabantu, sichaza izinto zethu, sibiza izinto kunye neziganeko, sizikhuthaze thina nabanye ukuba senze. Intetho ibandakanyeka ekuxazululeni iingxaki zeengqondo.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukukhulisa intetho kubantwana

Ukufumana intetho ehambelanayo kunceda umntwana ukuba akhe ubudlelwane kunye noontanga kunye nabantu abadala, baveze ngokucacileyo iingcamango zabo, badlale kunye kwaye bahlanganyele kwezinye izinto ezidibeneyo. Umfundi weeklasi eziprayimari, okukhulunywe ngayo ukukhululwa kwentetho, ukufunda nokuzichaza kakuhle imisebenzi, ubhala ngokufanelekileyo, kulula ukuxazulula iingxaki ze-arithmetic, unikeza iimpendulo ezicacileyo kumbuzo wotitshala.

Kuphi na ukuphuhliswa kwentetho

Ukuphuculwa kwentetho kucetyiswa ukuqala ngokuzalwa komntwana. Sekuncinane, usana luhlula intetho yomntu ukusuka kumlambo wezinye izandi, luphulaphule amagama abantu abadala, luzama ukuxelisa oko kuvezwe. Kuze kube unyaka umntwana "ama-guzzles" (wenza izandi ezifana [g], [k], [x]), "gulit", iibbles, kwaye emva komhla wokuqala wokujikeleza wobomi bakhe uzama ukubiza amagama.

Kwiziko lesandulela esikolweni, iintetho zabafundi zihlawulwa ngokukhawuleza. Umsebenzi onenjongo ekubunzeni izakhono zokuthetha uqala kakade kumaqela omdala. Ukuphuhliswa kwentetho kwiqela elincinci lokuqala lenye yemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yemfundo, ngokusekelwe kuyo imfundo yomntwana kuxhomekeke kwezi zigaba ezilandelayo.

Umsebenzi woqhagamshelwano uqhubeka kwinkqubo yokunxibelelana. Ukuqonda indlela utitshala asebenza ngayo ekuphuhlisweni kwentetho yabantwana, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela iifom zokunxibelelana kwabantwana basenkulanga.

Iiifom zokunxibelelana ebuntwaneni

Ngokubhekisele ebuntwaneni, abantwana beselula kunye neenkwenkwezi zokufunda, iinzululwazi zikwahlula imeko-yedwa, imeko-yoshishino-yenkampani, iimeko ezongeziweyo-ezengqiqo-zengqondo kunye neendlela ezongezelelekileyo zokunxibelelana. Okokuqala kwenzeka ngowomnyaka wokuqala wokuphila, xa umntwana enenkqubela yokuvuselela. Usana luyabona abantu abadala abasondeleyo, bamomotheka, bawagubungela izandla. Ngeli xesha, kubalulekile koomama, ootata kunye nezinye izihlobo ukuba bathethe nomntwana wabo, bahlabelele ingoma kuye, bathethe ngeengqungquthela zomntwana.

Ukunxibelelana kwendawo kunye nezoshishino kufanelekile ukuthetha, xa umntwana engakwazi ukuhlala kwaye afunde ukusebenzisana nezinto: ukugubungela i-rattle, ubeka ikhebhu kwikhampu, ubeka enye into yokudlala into kwelinye. Umntu omdala ubonisa iindlela zokwenza, ukhuthaza umntwana.

Ukukhulumisana kwangaphandle kwenkqubela-ncoko kuqala ngeminyaka engama-2-3 xa i-crumb ibuza imibuzo malunga nehlabathi elikujikelezile. Iimpendulo zomntu omdala zinceda ukufunda izinto ezintsha kunye nokuphuhlisa. Ukufuduka kweminqweno yomntwana ngokubhekiselele kulwalamano phakathi kwabantu, indawo kunye nendima yomntu kwintlalo ingqina ukuvela koqhagamshelwano oluthe xaxa. Ukuzimisela ukuthetha kwezi zihloko kubonakala kwiminyaka engama-6-7.

Ukuphuhliswa kwentetho kwiqela elincinci lokuqala

Iqela elincinci lokuqala lihanjelwa ngabantwana ukusuka kwiminyaka emibili ukuya kwimithathu ubudala. Ukususela kule minyaka, kukho utshintsho oluvela kwiimeko zesimo kunye nezoshishino ukuya kubonxibelelwano oluthe xaxa, ukuphuhliswa kwentetho kubantwana kuqhutyelwa kwinkqubo yencoko. Utitshala uthetha nabafundi malunga nezinto ezisemgangathweni wabo wombono. Iimvuthu zifunda ukuqonda nokufezekisa imiyalelo yomfundisi, izicelo zeontanga, kwaye zenzele ingxelo yazo.

Utitshala ufundisa abafundi ukuba bachaze ngokuchanekileyo izandi [a], [o], [y], [u], [m], [b], [n], [n], [t], [d], [К], [г], [в], [ф], ukuvelisa amagama, i-tempo, umfanekiso wesigama, ubukele ukuphefumula intetho.

Utitshala ukwandisa isigama sabantwana. Ukongezelela kwizibizo - amagama amathoyizi, iimpahla, izitya, zangaphakathi, izichazi ("indebe emhlophe"), izenzi, izalathisi ("indebe etafileni"), izibhengezo ("U-Olya waya etafileni").

Ukuqwalaselwa kwabantwana ekusebenziseni amagama okwakhiwa kolwimi kukhangelwa ("umgangatho uhlala phantsi", "i-rattles"), i-generalizations ("iikoyi", "iingubo", "izitya"). Amazwi ase-Onomatopoeic kunye alula ("av-av", "bi-bi") athatyathwa yizinto eziqhelekileyo ("inja", "umatshini").

Inkqubo yegrama yokuthetha yabantwana nayo iphantsi kokunyamekelwa kootitshala. Ngaphantsi kokukhokelwa ngutitshala abantwana:

• Shintsha izibizo ngamanani nakwiimeko ("enye iipuni - ezininzi iipuni"), izenzi ngobuso kunye namanani ("Ndiya kwaye uya-siya"), ngamanye amaxesha ("ibhere liza, ibhere lifikile");
• Funda ukusebenzisa imvakalelo yesenzo ("bunny, poplyashi");
• Ifom iyancipha amagama ("idonk", "umatshini wokubhala");
• Bakha izivakalisi ezilula kwaye ezinzima ("idodoli lalifuna ukulala, ndiyibeke kwisibhedlele").

Iiifom zomsebenzi ekuphuhlisweni kwentetho

Ukuphuhliswa kwentetho ensimini Ivela kwiiklasi ezihlelwe ngokukhethekileyo kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngabantwana abaneminyaka engama-2-3 ubudala, utitshala udlala imidlalo ehlukeneyo, unikeza iimvuthu ukwenza imisebenzi yokuthetha, uxela iindaba zeenganekwane, ufunde izivakalisi kunye neendinyana ezimfutshane ngentliziyo. Iiklasi zenziwa ngamagqabantshintshi.

Utitshala uthetha nabantwana kusasa, ekuhambeni, ngexesha le midlalo, emva kwe-nap okanye enye ikhefu. Incoko ivela ngokukhawuleza okanye icwangciswe (utitshala usekela umsebenzi wokuphinda isicatshulwa esifundekileyo, ukuzenzekelayo isandi esingakhange sifunde, njl.). Ukuba utitshala uthetha ngomntwana omnye, ke lo msebenzi ngumntu ngamnye. Yile ndlela intetho ikhula ngayo kubantwana.

Indlela yokuphuhlisa intetho

Iindlela zokuphuhlisa intetho kwiqela elincinci lokuqala libandakanya amathoyizi, imifanekiso, iincwadi, imidlalo ye-didactic kunye nokuzivocavoca, ukusetyenziswa kweminwe. Ukuphuhliswa kwentetho nayiphi na umdlalo othakazelisayo kunye okhuselekileyo ufanelekile, kodwa kulunge ngakumbi kwaye usebenza kakuhle ukuba ube neeseti ezilungiselelwe ngaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, idonk doactic. Le yidolli eqhelekileyo, kodwa iza kunye neesethi zeengubo zamaxesha ahlukeneyo, izitya zokudlala, izitya zokuhlambela, izinto zendlu, njl. Amathoyizi angabalinganiswa be-puppet theater.

Imifanekiso iyahlula kwisihloko kunye nesifundo. Okokuqala kubonisa izinto okanye izinto zendalo, okwesibini - ezinye izenzakalo (abantwana badlala kwi-sandbox, umqhubi uqhuba iloli, njl.). Kwakhona kukho imifanekiso enomfanekiso wabantu, izilwanyana.

Kule minyaka, imisebenzi ka A. Barto, E. Blaginina, Z. Alexandrova, abanye abalobi beprose labantwana kunye neebongozi, iintlobo ezincinci zengqesho zabantwana zisetyenziselwa ukuphuhliswa kwentetho.

I-Didactic ibizwa ngokuba ngumdlalo olungiselelwe ngutitshala ngenjongo yokufundisa abantwana. Izenzo zokuthetha zijoliswe ekufundeni, kodwa abanalo onke amanqaku omdlalo (umsebenzi wezemidlalo, icebo, imithetho). Ngethuba lomlenze usebenzisa abafundi bathetha isicatshulwa somncinci omncinci okanye isingeniso somntwana kunye nokwenza ukunyakaza kwesandla. Umphumo wukuthi kwingqondo inkulumo kunye nemikhawulo yemoto zihlala ecaleni, ngoko umphumo kwenye yazo isebenzela enye.

Nazi ezinye zeendlela zokutyunjwa komunwe, imidlalo ye-didactic kunye nezenzo zokuphuhlisa intetho kwiqela elincinci lokuqala.

1. Iminwe iqhayisa kwi-pinch, njengokungathi i-brush. Umntwana uphakamisa isandla sakhe phaya phezulu, esithi: "Nge-brush ezithambileyo ndiya kupenda ityiti kunye netafile, kunye ne-cat Masha".

2. "Siza kubeka umjelo emlonyeni." Utitshala unikezela abafundi ukuba bacinge ukuba banomdla emlonyeni wabo, kwaye kufuneka ukuba banqatshelwe. Abantwana benza iimpawu ezinxulumene nolwimi. Ukuzivocavoca kunceda ukwandisa ukuhamba kolwimi, ngoko ke, ukucacisa ngakumbi.

3. "Ngubani obangela umthi." Utitshala ubonisa umfanekiso apho izilwanyana zifihla emva komthi, kuphela imisila yezilwanyana ibonakala. Abantwana banquma ukuba ngubani ofihliweyo.

4. "Intombazana encinane, udansa." Izingane zicela i-toy chanterelle ukudansa. Ukuba isenzi sesenzi singasetyenziswa kakubi, ngoko umlingani wenqaba ukwenza izenzo, kwaye isicelo senziwe ngumnye umntwana. Iingqungquthela ezincinane, kunye nabantwana beva izandi zomculo.

Izindlela kunye neendlela zokuphuhlisa intetho

Indlela ephakamileyo yokukhulisa intetho kule minyaka ingxoxo. Ukukhuthaza abantwana ukuba bakhulume, utitshala ucela ukuzala ("ngubani lo?"), Kunye na? "Kunye nemibuzo yokukhangela (" kutheni kwizitrato? "," Kutheni ubeka ingubo? Masha, nokuba uya kudlala nathi ").

Indlela elandelayo ibali. Amabali ootitshala kufuneka abe ncinane kummandla, onomdla kwaye onolwazi. Umzekelo: "Abafana, jonga idoli yam enhle. Igama lakhe nguKatyya. U-Katya unobumnandi, ubunwele obubuhlungu, amehlo omdaka, i-blouse emhlophe kunye namaqhosha kunye ne-sarafan embala. "

Ukuphuculwa kweencwadi kubonisa ukuphuhliswa kwentetho yabantwana. Utitshala ufunda izibongo kunye nemilolozo ngentliziyo, ubuyela amabali amfutshane. Ukuba umsebenzi ujwayelene nabantwana, ngoko ungasebenzisa indlela yokuxoxisana. Utitshala uqala isigwebo, kwaye abafundi baqedela:

Tanya wethu ngokukhulula ... (ekhala),

Ndayiphonsa emfuleni ... (ibhola).

Ekubeni amaqabunga engayazi ukuba acinga ngendlela engacacanga ngayo, ukuphuhliswa kwentetho yasesikolweni kukudibanisa iindlela zokubhaliweyo ezibonakalayo: ukubonakaliswa kwamathoyizi, imifanekiso emincinci, imizekeliso yemifanekiso, iipopu kunye nesithunzi semifanekiso.

Izindlela ezisebenzayo ziyintlangano yemidlalo yemidlalo kunye nokuzivocavoca, okukhankanywe ngasentla.

Ukucwangcisa umsebenzi ekuphuhlisweni kwentetho

Ukuphuhliswa kwentetho kwi-PRI kwenziwa ngesicwangciso sexesha elide, okwenziwa ngutitshala ngokuhambelana nenkqubo yemfundo kwi-nursergart okanye enye incwadi yoxwebhu. Isicwangciso esilindelekileyo senziwe ngohlobo lweluhlu okanye itafile. Igama lenyanga, isihloko kunye nomxholo womxholo wesifundo sibonisiwe. Umzekelo wecebo elide liboniswa kwiThebhile 1.

Itheyibhile 1. Isicwangciso somsebenzi esicwangcisiweyo ngo-Oktobha

Ngokusekelwe kwisicwangciso sexesha elide, isishwankathelo ekuphuhlisweni kwentetho senziwa. Ukongeza kwimixholo kunye nomxholo wenkqutyana yesifundo, i-abstract ibonisa izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo (amathoyizi, imifanekiso, njl. Njl.), Ichaza umsebenzi wokuqala (ukuba uqhutyelwe), iinkcukacha zeempendulo kunye nezenzo zotitshala, iimpendulo ezithatyathwa ngabantwana. I-abstract iyona uhlobo lwesicwangciso. Ukuphuhliswa kwentetho kwenzeka ngokuchanekileyo. Iingcali ezincinci zibhala izicwangciso-nkcazo ezicacileyo, kwaye utitshala onolwazi unecebo elide elide.

Iingcebiso kubazali ngokuphuhliswa kwentetho kubantwana

Ukuphuhlisa intetho kwiqela elincinci lokuqala liphumelele, iinzame zotitshala azanele. Kuninzi kuxhomekeka kubazali kunye nezihlobo eziseduze zomntwana. Ootitshala banxusa oomama nootata ukuba bathethe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nabantwana, baxoxe ngemiba eyahlukeneyo ("kutheni intshumayelo ikhula?", "Yiyiphi imibala isibhakabhaka?", "Indlela yokondla ikati?", IeC.).

Intetho yomntu omdala kufuneka icace kwaye iphakame ngokukhawuleza. Awukwazi ukukopa izitatimende zomntwana, bhengeza amagama njengoko inyana iyenzayo.

Ngosizo lwabazali ungadlala imiboniso yeepopu kwizinto eziqhelekileyo zemisebenzi, funda imibongo emfutshane. Uluhlu lweencwadi kunye neetekisi zemibongo umfundisi ubeka kwikona yomzali.

Ukunyamekela kufuneka kunikwe imicimbi yabantwana. Ukuba awukwazi ukuzanelisa ngokukhawuleza iinqununu zentsana, ke impendulo inganikwa emva koko, khangela iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko kwiincwadi.

Intetho yomntwana kufuneka iphathwe ngokucophelela, landela iingcebiso zotitshala, ukuba kuyimfuneko, qha ga mshelana nodokotela.