Ukuboniswa - yinto physics nje okanye umlingo yokudala wobugcisa?

Kufota ngayo Kucingelwa ukuba sesichengeni - inkqubo zokukhanya kunye Nokukhanya element ukukhanya-zibuthathaka lwecamera. Ngenxa yoko, inokufana matrix (yezithuthi mihla) kunye bhanyabhanya (film).

yokufaka sesichengeni echaphazela umthamo wokukhanya iwela element - yaye ngokuxhomekeke iya kufumaneka okanye yoko. Kubalulekile ukuba ungayibaxi kunye exposure, ngokuba ukukhanya kakhulu kuya kukhokelela umfanekiso overexposed, yaye ezincinane kakhulu akayi kuvumela zoba injongosenzi - isiphumo ingaba mihle ngalo lonke isakhelo emnyama.

Ubungakanani bokukhanya ongene i element woluvo, ubungakanani uvalo kuchaphazela ngqo photosensitivity le element kwaye bembonisa. konke aya entla kubonakala kwiziphumo lokugqibela ukudubula.

Yintoni na le sesichengeni kunye uzaleke

Exposure sommandla unika isiphumo umdla: kwisakhelo enye umfanekiso yezinto ukufota ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Le ndlela iye sazane kakuhle film nokufota endala-esikolweni, kodwa iikhamera digital namhlanje, ukuze uqonde ukuba kunzima kakhulu, kwaye indibanisela ubhenciso "isepha" cheap - umsebenzi akunakwenzeka kwaphela.

Yenza le ndlela kube namhlanje ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• usebenzisa iikhamera film;

• ngokwenza technology yedijithali;

• ngeprogram kwi computer.

khamera

Bambalwa 'Amanani' mihla uba umsebenzi superposition lezakhelo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Ezi zixhobo zikuvumela ukuba batole kwimo "green", okt oluzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo. Kulo mzekelo, akunako babe nofifi ngoko sesichengeni. Unako ukwenza kunye nokusetyenziswa "clever" isizukulwana zakutshanje Smartphones.

Kodwa ngoncedo i "SLR" kunokuba eninzi digital ingakumbi "isepha" le ndlela ibe sesichengeni kabini ukuya superposition lezakhelo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kwenye, akunakwenzeka ukuba sifeze.

iikhamera ifilimu

Ukubeka ulungelelaniso ukungakhuseleki kwi umboniso kufuna umfoti kulwazi ethile, izakhono nobuchule. Umyalelo amanyathelo kweli tyala ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Yeyona kwisakhelo sokuqala kunye onke nezicwangciso - isantya shutter, umngxuma, njalo-njalo;

• ngoko ke ifilimu uthothe kanye isakhelo esinye umva (oku akwenzeki kuzo zonke iikhamera);

• wadubula yesibini wenziwa ngenjongo zonke izinto yesakhelo yesibini ngokuchanileyo kwakheka kwi iziqalelo zokuqala. Oku kufuna iliso echanileyo amava abanzi ukusuka photographer;

• ingongoma ebalulekileyo: ukuze uphephe ngokuzibhaka ifilimu, kufuneka inani isakhelo yesibini "underexpose", ukumisela isantya shutter mncinci kancinane kunokuba ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.

Emva koko, lo ifilim kuphuhliswa kwaye ishicilelwe ngendlela eqhelekileyo.

Njengoko kungaba nje "otschelkat 'yokuqala ifilimu eksperimenti yonke, uze umoya kwakhona ibe coil uze adubule. Maxa wambi xa oku kuye kuqhume ngokwenene umdla.

A nomphumela ofanayo nazo kufezekiswa, ukuba ngexesha yoshicilelo obekwe kwi umatshini nje bhanya ezimbini - isakhelo esinye ngexesha elinye ziya enyanzeliswa phezu kwezinye.

kweprogram

Okokugqibela, konke oku kungasentla kunokwenziwa kwi khompyutha yakho ngokomfanekiso abahleli ezininzi. Umzekelo, kwi ezaziwayo-kakuhle "Photoshop". Kwaye singayenziyo kufuneka uyazi into sesichengeni - le into enxulumene ne ukukhanya photocells.

Le nkqubo iza kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ivula ifayile yokuqala;

• ngoku tsala kwaye drop kwibhokisi enye ivula ifayile yesibini apho ufuna ukusebenzisa okubekwe;

• ukuba kuyimfuneko, uyakwazi ukutshintsha imilinganiselo yesakhelo yesibini ukuphumeza ujikeleziso yabamakishi ekhethekileyo kungqameko yomfanekiso maleko yesibini;

• ngoko kubalulekile ukudlala parameters eyalekeneyo kunye umaleko semenu kwi Manager Layer ekunene.

Akukho mntu uthi le software yobuciko "izixhobo" ukuvumela ukuba kuzuzwe ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nemifanekiso creative, kodwa nobuchwepheshe photographer nangoku ekuseni kakhulu ukubhala off. Ngamanye amaxesha izakhelo ezikhethiweyo ngempumelelo kwaye Unokubhala amava enkulu adubula yobuciko ngokwenene.