UHlelo kwimigaqo ebekiweyo. Imbali yabantu-computer dialogue, uphuhliso

Ukunxibelelana ngeekhompyutha mihla akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ulwimi okhethekileyo lokwakha. Ukusukela ekuzalweni iikhompyutha kuqala , kukho izizukulwana ezintlanu iinkqubo zolwimi, eyenzelwe ingxoxo ngabantu-computer. Ekuqaleni yaba assembler ngohlobo yayo yoqobo. Kule 50 ezikude ', wasebenza kumgaqo usebenzisa umgca olunye inkcazelo elinye.

Endaweni naye 60s ekuqaleni 'kweza assembler yokomfuziselo. osemqoka balo ubukho ingqikelelo variable. Eneneni, kungenxa yobu ibandla libe nokuthathelwa ingqalelo a full-epheleleyo ulwimi lokuprograma. Ngenxa imbonakalo yakhe banda kuphela isantya yophuhliso, kodwa ukuphucula kakhulu ukuthembeka software. Kwakhona ngaxeshanye ekuphuhliseni scripting ulwimi lokuprograma eyehlayo kwimo kwibhetshi.

Ngu phakathi elishumi, kwakukho wesithathu-isizukulwana iilwimi kweenkqubo. Yaba iilwimi-kwinqanaba eliphezulu jikelele. Ngophuhliso lwabo sele 60s kwabakho ithuba ngokwenene ukuphumeza imisebenzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. iilwimi njengolwimi lwesiThathu-sizukulwana kukho elula, kungakhathaliseki ukhetho ikhompyutha waza wayalela ithuba ukusebenza ezinesintaksi enamandla. Nge umdwelisi nkqubo yabasebenzi bavela iye nemveliso ngakumbi. Nanamhlanje, isizukulwana sesithathu iilwimi lokuprograma i isixhobo lula kuphuhliso loluhlu olubanzi izicelo.

Xa nenani-70 waqalisa yesine iilwimi isizukulwana lokuprograma. Ngoncedo lwabo, kukho yingqiqo iiprojekthi ezinkulu, ukwanda ukuthembeka, kwaye yandisa isantya sophuhliso yesicelo. osemqoka sabo zoqhelwaniso nekhosi kwizicelo ezithile, ihamba kude jikelele ithuba ukusombulula iingxaki ezithile kumgangatho entsha yokusebenza.

Kwabonakala Isizukulwana sesihlanu iilwimi lwenkqubo kwi 90. Baya kuba kudidi extensions ezisebenzayo inikwa ngumntu inkqubo ngumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo. Ngoncedo lwabo, Kowolunye umntu kweenkqubo elikude unako ukwenza izicelo ophezulu yokusebenza. Kwisizukulwana sesihlanu lwenkqubo ekhaya kuba lwenzeka kumntu wonke.

Ulwahlulo lweelwimi, kukho iklasi esebenzisa kweenkqubo zenkqubo njengoko umgaqo esisiseko. Lo mgaqo kubonisa sokuyilwa computer, ebizwa kunikezelo. Xa ubhala ulandelelwano lwenkqubo umyalelo lisetyenziswa ngolwimi procedural, nto leyo ichaza algorithm ukusombulula le ngxaki.

iinkqubo zenkqubo njengoko zeerasintyisi lubonisa ithuba lokusebenzisa imemori ukugcinwa data. Kwiinkqubo hlobo, sijongene isabelo umyalelo, uyakwazi ukuchaza uze utshintshe imemori. ukuguqulwa Content lwenziwa kwi kwinkumbulo yekhomputha ngenxa yeenguqu kurhulumente sokuqala ngenxa.

iinkqubo zeNkqubo iye yasetyenziswa ngeelwimi ezifana Fortran, kwavela 50 ekuqaleni 'ukuyila iinkqubo basombulula iingxaki zenzululwazi kunye zobugcisa; Cobol (60s) - kokuqhutyelwa izixa ezikhulu data kwi abathwali ezahlukeneyo; Algol - advanced multi-ukusetyenziswa kolwimi. phambi Last eqaphelekayo "isakhiwo block" yaye "ulwabiwo amakhulu '.

iinkqubo zeNkqubo akukho baphula kunye wabaqalayo. Xa nenani-60 waqala BASIC ezaziwayo-kakuhle. elula Kwalo yokusebenza eye wavumela ulwimi ziqatywe ngesantya esikhulu, ngokuphumelela inani elikhulu abayithandayo kunyaka ngamnye.

Kule-oovulindlela iilwimi elandelwa liqela elikhulu otolika ezahlukeneyo. Ulwimi PL-1, Pascal (Pascal), ADA, SI waqhubeka yophuhliso siseko kweenkqubo yenkqubo.