Style Scientific ukuthetha; imizekelo kwisicatshulwa. izimbo intetho: Art, Science, Buthathaka

Kwintetho yakhe, abantu basebenzisa zonke izimbo ezahluka-ntetho ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo uluntu kufuneka ukunxibelelana. Kungenxa yoko le nto mbuzo kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa izimbo ezahlukeneyo.

Yintoni na ke iindlela zentetho?

izimbo zentetho i inkqubo iindlela zolwimi neendlela zombutho, abo ngokwembali kwaye zisetyenziswa kuso nasiphi na isigaba ethile yonxibelelwano yabantu, ubomi boluntu: lé zobugcisa bomlomo, inzululwazi, ubudlelwane ishishini, imisebenzi ubuxoki abaninzi, unxibelelwano ngemihla. Kulo mba, ulwimi Russian umahluko phakathi zilandelayo ngeendlela intetho: Art, Science, ishishini kwincoko, journalistic kunye esemthethweni. Kulo mzekelo, zonke iintlobo, ngaphandle Indies, zithathwa ukuba bookish.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuqwalasela zonke iindlela zentetho, kunye ingqalelo eyodwa iya kuhlawulwa isimbo lwezenzululwazi, esetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yenzululwazi, iincwadi, iintetho kwiinkomfa. style lwezenzululwazi ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho engqongqo kakhulu kunabanye, ngenxa yokuba kufuneka ukuba basebenzise isigama isebenzayo endle elimxinwa ulwazi. Ngoko ke inqaku sifanele ngokukhethekileyo kwi indlela yenzululwazi zentetho. imizekelo umbhalo uya kukuqonda oko.

Iimpawu izimbo intetho

Ukuvela banezimbo zentetho na iintlobo uyagwetyelwa yeziqulatho intetho, kwakunye neenjongo zayo zoqhagamshelwano, oko kukuthi i-orientation boqhagamshelwano. Yeyona injongo yonxibelelwano kudla balawule imithetho ukuze ukhethe isimbo kule okanye loo meko.

Nganye indlela esebenza yokuthetha iimpawu yoqobo, uye amagama ayo lungelelanisa eyakhe, kunye nesakhiwo zabo syntactic, ekufuneka ndaqonda kangangoko othile ngalunye kwiintlobo ezi. Ngenxa yoko, ngasinye ngeendlela lineqela iimpawu. Nceda ukubonisa imizekelo zonke iindlela zentetho kunye nenkcazo emfutshane iimpawu zazo.

style Business kungenziwa kumiselwa isigama abaqeqeshiweyo, iinkcazelo ngqo amagama namabinzana, siyabulela klishirovannosti kusetyenziswa izibonelelo iilwimi. Umzekelo: I Mironova Alevtina Vladlenovna, nceda unike kum kweholide elilandelayo.

Eyona iphambili style journalistic kuthathwa ukuba ibe imizwa yakhe ulwazi. Umzekelo: ubhaqo emangalisayo! Taras ukusuka kwidolophana encinane Matroskina wasungula ichiza ebangela iinkukhu ukuba athwale amaqanda zesilivere!

Indlela lwezobugcisa bazizityebi zonke ukwahluka ulwimi kazwelonke, kule isimbo, ndamkele ukusetyenziswa iinkcazelo kunye namabinzana ezahlukeneyo ukudala umfanekiso ocacileyo yaye ekhumbulekayo. Le indlela yandisa intetho yethu kwaye kunceda ukuqonda oko kubhaliweyo imizobo, bonke ukuziva kunye namava. Umzekelo: ohlala nevaranda yendlu yakhe, wabona enkundleni waqalisa ukuya umntu. Wayesazi ukuba ubuyisela oyintanda, endikholisiweyo iye silindele iminyaka eliqela.

nebuncoko kwahlukile bonke abanye lula kwalo ngequbuliso. Umzekelo: Hello! Khawufan 'ucinge, izolo ndaya iqela waza wadibana Pasha. Lowo ndithe ndanixelela sele uxelele inyanga yonke!

Ukusebenzisa amagama Indies kwaye Indies, iyantlukwano lungelelanisa, kwezivakalisi lula, ukusetyenziswa yobuso, izijekulo, uvavanyo ngokweemvakalelo ntoni - zonke ezi mpawu zibonisa nebuncoko zentetho.

style Scientific intetho: Iinkalo eziphambili

style Scientific komyalezo aze achaze iziphumo imisebenzi yesayensi. Ngaphandle kokuba kukho iindawo ezininzi inzululwazi, ukuze sikwazi ukubona iimpawu ezithile ezisisiseko ziluncedo indlela yezenzululwazi jikelele:

• ulandelelwano zetekisi;
• wayalela inkqubo ubudlelwane phakathi kuzo zonke iindawo izivakalisi;
• umnqweno umbhali ukuze ukohluka, ukuchaneka koomofu emazwini.

Ukuba une ufifi ngazo zonke izinto ezisisiseko, akuyi kuba nzima ukubhala itekisi okanye ukufumanisa indlela yenzululwazi zentetho. Isampuli Okubhaliweyo kule isimbo iya kunceda zonke ukuqonda nokunye okunninzi ingakumbi:

"Ukususela ngowe-2009, inkampani NCC uphumeza ukusebenza amakhadi Visa, Union Card and MasterCard, kwaye uvelisa ikhadi edibene Maestro / NCC. Ngo-2008 le nkampani wawongwa isihloko inkqubo yentlawulo International, leyo yandiswa kakhulu uluhlu lweenkonzo zayo."

"Nika ingxelo 4 FSS NRMM kufuneka kutyala umphathi okanye accountant oyintloko. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela nemihla wokungeniswa kwengxelo inkampani ubuso umqondisi iya kuhlawuliswa kwi imali emiselwe ngumthetho. "

Substyles style lwenzululwazi intetho

Njengoko usazi, izimbo kwintetho ezinqabileyo kakhulu ngembonakalo yabo ecocekileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi kukho umanyano lwabo, nto leyo unobangela sub-ntlobo. By the sub-ntlobo yesimbo ngenzululwazi:

• inzululwazi kunye noshishino;
• lobunzululwazi journalistic;
• isayensi ethandwayo;
• Science and Technology;
• style kwezemfundo yezenzululwazi zentetho.

iimpawu zetekisi of style zenzululwazi kwinqanaba isigama

Zonke iimpawu eziziintloko njengenxalenye indlela yenzululwazi zentetho, zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amathathu aphambili: kwinqanaba isigama, kwezivakalisi kunye kwinqanaba morphological.

Kwinqanaba isimbo isigama lwenzululwazi ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukwanda kwesigama ezithile zesayensi;
• ukusetyenziswa ngqo welizwi, ngaphandle izafobe ezahlukeneyo kunye Izihlomelo sendawo;
• ukusebenzisa amabinzana namagama kunye nentsingiselo abstract: inani, umthetho ipropati; kunye nokusetyenziswa lwezibizo ngamazwi: usetyenziso, imveliso nophando;
• ukusetyenziswa kunokuba zabucala amagama namabinzana ezibonisa ulandelelwano uqhagamshelwano iingcamango; ngoko ke, phezu koko, ngoko kuqala kwiinto zonke, kuqala kwiinto zonke, kuqala.

Zonke ezi mpawu kunceda ukuchonga uhlobo lungelelanisa lwenzululwazi zentetho. Sample okubhaliweyo imbalasane yesimbo ngenzululwazi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

"Gastritis - kukukrala inwebu kwiinwebu kodonga isisu. Iimpawu gastritis ziquka :. Ubuhlungu esiswini emva kwesidlo okanye engenanto esiswini, isicaphucaphu, urhudo, ukuqhina okanye ukugabha, njl Ngenxa uviwo endoscopic esiswini bene. "

"Amabakala ebalulekileyo zokugweba kwezoqoqosho kunye ababazalayo: uqinile, ukumelana zonke iimeko ekhulayo (kwemozulu, izitshabalalisi kunye nezifo, umhlaba), ixesha ukugcinwa kunye transportability."

iimpawu Morphological yesimbo lwenzululwazi lwesicatshulwa

Kwinqanaba morphological, kufuneka iqaqambise iimpawu ilandelayo njengenxalenye indlela lwenzululwazi intetho:

• ukusetyenziswa, igrafu, participles, nesantya zabo;
• nokusebenzisa kwayo izimelabizo "Mna" kunye "thina" kwi imisebenzi kunye izenzi Ifom yokuqala neyesibini isinye;
• ukusetyenziswa kwezakhiwo bukathixo, yaye elingenammiselo-yobuqu kwisicatshulwa.

Iimpawu yesicatshulwa lwenzululwazi kwinqanaba syntactic

Kwakhona kwinqanaba syntactic iye isimbo yayo ethile uphando intetho, inikela eli isimbo abe neempawu zilandelayo:

• lixhaphakile iimbekiselo kunye nezicatshulwa;
• kunqandwa ukusetyenziswa kwalo naluphi izivakalisi exclamatory okanye ukusetyenziswa inqabile kakhulu;
• ukusetyenziswa iigrafu, imizobo, iifomyula ezahlukeneyo;
• sebenzisa izivakalisi ezimbaxa ukunxibelelana nemibutho izenzakalo iindawo isindululo.

Imizekelo yezicatshulwa isimbo yenzululwazi

Nceda ukuchonga iimpawu ezikhethekileyo eyiyo ukuchonga indlela yenzululwazi zentetho, imizekelo yombhalo:

"Ingxaki lobusela kufuna amanyathelo ngexesha efanelekileyo indima iqumrhu loshishino - ezizezi, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezongezelelweyo yabasebenzi ekupheliseni ingozi enokubakho umhlaseli."

"Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo experimenti apho data linikwa kwi [2] yesicelo eboniswe okuqashwa. 3, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba utshintsho elifutshane elide kwigophe imfuno kuchaphazela kwinqanaba lamaxabiso. "

Genre style zenzululwazi

Yonke imibhalo yenzululwazi kufuneka lunikezelwe ngokohlobo kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo, nesakhiwo sayo kufuneka benikwe yonke imithetho uhlobo.

Zonke iintlobo lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe eziziiprayimari neziziisekondari, kuxhomekeka ngubani na ke umbhali wesicatshulwa. Kwakhona, iqela eyahlukileyo zeetekisi zemfundo kunye yenzululwazi ekwanti.

Iintlobo eziphambili zibandakanya iincwadi reference, amanqaku kwijenali, monographs, iincwadi, ncomo, iingxelo, ucwaningo, iingxelo zophando, intetho yomlomo kule nkomfa kunye nabanye. Ezi ntlobo ke ingqalelo ephambili, ngenxa yokuba zadalwa ngumbhali okokuqala.

umbhalo Secondary zingathathwa ngokuba Izicatshulwa, izincoko, theses, amanqaku ezahlukeneyo, amazwana. Le misebenzi kuba ngumhlaba zasesekondari, kuba zisekelwe iitekisi ezikhoyo. Ekulungiseleleni iitekisi okunjalo kwenzeka rhoqo ulwazi ekunqandeni ukunciphisa ivolyum itekisi yonke.

Ngu neentlobo sub-ntlobo zemfundo kunye yezenzululwazi kufuneka iquke izifundo, iintetho isemina, amaphepha elide, izithuba Izicatshulwa. Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo zonke iimpawu ezisisiseko sizalwa style lobunzululwazi ngokubanzi, kufuneka iqalwe.

Njengoko kokuvela style yenzululwazi

Imvelaphi indlela yenzululwazi lichazwa uphuhliso amasimi inzululwazi, kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ulwazi lwabantu. Ekuqaleni, indlela yokuthetha, zenzululwazi nezobugcisa, baba kufutshane kakhulu kwaye efanayo. Kamva, kwabakho ukwahlukana lohlobo lobugcisa lwenzululwazi, njengoko ngolwimi yesiGrike yaqala ukubonakala zonke iintlobo kwesigama zenzululwazi.

isimbo ngokuya ithandwa izazinzulu kwi Renaissance. Kwaba ngelo xesha zonke izazinzulu bazama ntetho ngomsebenzi wabo ngokusondele kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kodwa ukuba ibe yinto enye, wazama ukususa ukusuka okubhaliweyo nenkcazelo ngokweemvakalelo obugcisa, kuba ziphikisana abstract-ubhalo esizalwa.

Noko ke, ngelo xesha kwakukho ungquzulwano malunga ntetho kwezinto lwenzululwazi ngabaphengululi ezahlukeneyo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Kepler ingqalelo umsebenzi ngokugqithiseleyo imifanekiso UGalileo, Descartes kunye kaGalileo nendlela ntetho inamaphepha enzululwazi "fictionalized". Umzekelo lokuqala ulwimi lwenzululwazi kwixesha elizayo luthathwa kwingxelo Newton.

Uphuhliso isimbo zenzululwazi nempembelelo ulwimi Russian. style Scientific intetho eRashiya waqalisa kuphuhliso yayo kwinkulungwane ekuqaleni XVIII. Ngeli xesha, abaguquleli kunye nababhali iimpapasho zobunzululwazi waqala ukudala isigama yayo. Ukuqhubeka kwalo isimbo yophuhliso kwenzeka kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVIII ngenxa imisebenzi Lomonosov kunye nabafundi bakhe. Ukwenziwa lokugqibela style Russian zenzululwazi kwenzeka kwisiqingatha sesibini kubulela kwinkulungwane XIX kumsebenzi ziinzululwazi izazinzulu elikhulu ixesha.

Kwesi sifundo, zonke iintlobo yokuthetha ziye ingqalelo. Mizekelo ibonisa ngokucacileyo umahluko phakathi kwabo, kunye nenkcazo eneenkcukacha indlela yenzululwazi kuya kukunceda ukuba lula ukuyisebenzisa ngentetho yakhe.