Stalin egcwele iphepha in eMoscow. 7 amade kaStalin eMoscow (ifoto)

Asibhozo, anamanci usuku eMoscow wafika kwixesha post-enzima yemfazwe. Ilizwe nje eqala ukuze aphumle kolo hlaselo lwamaNazi. Nangona kunjalo, ulwakhiwo izakhiwo Stalin e-eMoscow laphehlelelwa kule mini.

ekubekeni isisekelo

USSR Council of kuBaphathiswa 1947 yamkela isigqibo malunga izakhiwo ezinemigangatho ezisibhozo eMoscow. Kakade, esi sigqibo aye apapashwa ngemvume yaye, mhlawumbi, kwi inyathelo kukaStalin.

Ukubeka isiseko kwenzeke ngaxeshanye, ngenkqu yayo loo mini, umhla yokubhiyozela wesikhumbuzo nophuculo - nge-7 Septemba. Iyure ngaphambili kwindawo yiSoviet kwakhiwa ilitye Yuriyu Dolgorukomu, umseki eMoscow. Akukho mathandabuzo ezi ziganeko eyenzelwe ukubonisa into yokuba, njengokuba xa Yury Dolgoruky wabeka isiseko kwikomkhulu Russian ukususela ngomhla wakhe wokuzalwa 800th, uyayisikelela yakhe enkulu, usenokuba uthi, ixesha epochal entsha kwimbali yawo .

Stalin egcwele iphepha in eMoscow lwacwangciswa yomntu ngamandla lizwe kwaye yonke nabantu Soviet. Hi ndlela leyi, zazakhiwe, yaye ezinye izixeko eSoviet Union kunye namazwe yali.

Le mbono grand

Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, ingcamango lokuqala ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinde eMoscow waba wanda. Eight izakhiwo ezinemigangatho babeza kuba kokuzifaneleyo kwindawo nokuba izakhiwo ezibalaseleyo - Ibhotwe lalibizwa qumrhu, isithsaba ngesazobe omkhulu yinkokeli sabasebenzi - VI ULenin. Noko ke, le projekthi wabumisela kuphumelele.

Nangona kwabekwa isisekelo. Ngaphezu koko, oko sachithwa itempile Kristu uMsindisi, kuloo ndawo apho waqalisa ulwakhiwo Palace of qumrhu.

Wakha iqela leprojekthi ye labazobi eyayikhokelwa BM Iofana.

Malunga isakhiwo omkhulu aqikelelwayo ithi ubuncinane into yokuba kuphela umthamo lwangaphakathi ibhotwe eyayiza kwanela ezintathu ze ubume Cheops. Figure Lenin mazifike kangange- 100 leemitha. Indawo ephakamileyo lilonke Palace of the Amaqumrhu kunye lesikhumbuzo kucwangciswe iimitha 420. Ngelo xesha, kungona izakhiwo angekho ehlabathini.

Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-1937. Ngaphambi kokuba imfazwe wada ukwakha izakhiwo yentsimbi isiseko kwiimitha kwindlu-ezinemigangatho ezilishumi. Noko ke, le mfazwe nje baphazamise ukwakha, kodwa kwanyanzeleka ukuba ibattery metal ibe uthumele ukuba ukwakhiwa ngaphezu kuyimfuneko ukuze ukuziphendulela izinto ezinkulu; iibrorho nodonga ngokwahlukana.

Gqibezela le into omkhulu ayiphumelelanga. Isisekelo sakhe elisebenze elide pool, yaye 1990 kwisiza endlwini ka Krestu uMsindisi yakhiwa.

Kodwa Stalin egcwele iphepha in eMoscow kodwa lwakhiwe.

Amafu aphezulu

On kaSparrow Hills yayakhiwe amafu emide Stalin - kwesakhiwo Moscow State University. Yayakhiwe kwiminyaka emine - ukususela ngowe-1949 ukuya 1953rd. Project Team Architects: SE Chernyshev, L. Rudnev, PV Abrosimov, V. Nasonov and AF Zehlathi.

Kukho ubungqina bokuba ulwakhiwo isakhelo isakhiwo wathabatha iitoni ezingama-40 ngentsimbi nodonga -. Million 175 lezitena niya kulirhola. Star Weight efakwe kwi spire ye eziphakamileyo, imalunga 12 neetoni.

Ukuphakama umzimba omkhulu ifikelela MSU leemitha 236, isakhiwo uye nemigangatho 36. Ngokuba kuye, 68 bekwilift nezitali zeentlobo-high speed zenziwa.

Ekwakhiweni eziphakamileyo ukusebenza amabanjwa abaninzi ngedinga ukukhululwa kusasa, xa isakhiwo uya kwakhiwa. Ukuhlala kufutshane abakhi into ahlelwa zokuhlala Solntsevo. Ngoku ibe ngomnye wemimandla kweli komkhulu.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha post-eSoviet, amabali abhalwa njengoko amakhowa, ezinde ayegqunyelelwe kaStalin eMoscow: ngokukaTau kuzo ufakwa ngokoqobo. Umzekelo, ukuthetha malunga wendlela ngasese, ifanele igumbi zonke eziphilayo kunye namaziko ukuze bacuthe iincoko zabantu. Kwaye malunga legends MSU ukuba uyehla na uye phantsi emhlabeni ngezinga elifanayo, ukuba iinqaba ezininzi ngaphezu komhlaba. Kwigumbi elingaphantsi yecebo lakhe lwezindlu ukubeka iziko yokhuselo enomjukujelwa wezinto zakomkhulu.

"Indlu bazame"

Stalin egcwele iphepha in eMoscow zakhiwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwikomkhulu. Umzekelo, isakhiwo zokuhlala eziphakamileyo wavuka kwimvukelo Square. Xa waba endaweni yakhe kwilali Kudrin. Ke kaloku isikwere eyayibuyiselwe igama layo endala - Kudrinskaya.

Ukwakhiwa amafu yaqala ngo-1948 kwaye yaphela ngo-1954. ukuphakama kwayo kweemitha-156. Endlwini 24 emgangathweni apho (ngundoqo), izandiso kwicala namajoni angama-18 imigangatho. Indlu lwenzelwe izindlu 450.

Isakhiwo yenzelwe ngumzobi A. Mndoyants MV Posokhin.

Kwixesha II, kule ndlu yayintle ngokwenene: nyuko ezimbejembeje, bekwilift-high speed, esakhiweni eliphangaleleyo, amagumbi kukho amaceba eziphakamileyo ... Apartments eziphakamileyo waya nabasebenzi kushishino lweenqwelo i - oko kukuthi, nabaqhubi uvavanyo, oosomajukujuku, moya ingcibi, ngoko wabizwa ngokuba "House of wendiza ". Noko ke, sahlala apha kunye nabasebenzi iqela, kunye nabadlali.

Indlu Kwakhona unalo evenkileni, yeqonga, yokupaka ngaphantsi komhlaba kwakunye nokunye okuninzi.

Nophahla ngaphandle iinkwenkwezi

Ministry of isakhiwo Foreign Affairs yayakhiwe phezu zeprojekthi abakhi M. Minkus and VG Gelfreich. It wavula amade ezisixhenxe kaStalin e Moscow, njengoko elimiswe kuqala. Building, baphahlwe ukuya kwiimitha ezili-172 kwi Smolenskaia Hay-ndawo yayiquka 27 imigangatho, baxhotyiswa kunye iilifti-28, uninzi ezibe-high speed.

Kwisicwangciso sokuqala isakhiwo yokuqala waba spire. Noko ke, kule fomu, alifani Stalin. Ke, njengoko ibali uhamba, wafundiswa ukuba ukugqiba ngokukhawuleza ukuyakha. Oku kuye kwaba neengxaki ezithile, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba umthwalo olongezelelweyo. Ngoko spire ezifakwe ngakumbi zokuhombisa, iphepha sentsimbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho apho intetho inkwenkwezi nako ukuya (akasayi kuphinda umi spire). Ngoko, kwi kwisakhiwo ukuphakama kuyimitha 114 wakha ingubo iingalo USSR.

Ngendlela, namhlanje Stalin intengiso ayikho nje iSebe leMicimbi yangaPhandle, kodwa Ministry of Relations Economic Foreign zorhwebo Russian Federation.

ukuphakama yesibini - "Ukraine"

Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo yaqala ngo-1953, kwagqitywa ngo-1957, sele phantsi Khrushchev. Nangona kunjalo, yaye ekuqaleni ukuba ukhawule ehotele. Nazi nje igama kuyo, Khrushchev wakhetha omnye. Ngapha koko, Ukraine - azalelwa kuyo.

Isakhiwo sakhiwa kwiprojekthi of abakhi AG Mordvinova and VK Oltarzhevskaya on Kutuzovsky Prospekt. Ubude ngaphandle spire ufikelela leemitha 198, i spire yongeza elinye iimitha 8. Ekwakheni eziphakamileyo - 34 imigangatho.

Tour le ezinde kaStalin e Moscow, Kakade ke, Asiyi kukha sidlule icala kunye 'Ukraine ". Nangona, ukuba nje kuba sayifumana diorama, okanye ubume eMoscow ngo-1977. Yayenzelwe kaZwelonke leMiboniso e Melika, kwaye uyalela Ubulungiseleli bakhe Lemicimbi Yangaphandle. Wenze diorama lweziko ophambili kakhulu nelembali eMoscow iphantse kakuhle.

Hotel ukususela ngowama-2005 ukuya ku-2010, ithe kuncendile enkulu, yenza abanini abatsha. Emva koko, lo ihotele yathiywa igama «RadissonRoyalHotel».

nezazi creative House

Ukwakhiwa wendlu yaqala phambi kokuba imfazwe (1938-1940 GG.), Yaye yaphela ngo-1952. Abakhi - AK Rostkowska and DN Chechulin.

Esi sakhiwo waba imigangatho 32 ukuphakama kwayo ifikelela iimitha 176. Indlela eyayihonjiswe ngayo turrets kunye namaqela oqingqiweyo. Kwindawo entle kakhulu - kwi ekudibaneni Moskva River kunye Yauza.

News ukuba Stalin egcwele iphepha e Moscow, ngokuyinxenye eyakhiwe amabanjwa. Malunga isakhiwo MSU sele sithetha. House kwi Tinkers chibi wakha i "igweba".

Mhlawumbi ingcamango urhulumente kanye isakhiwo kwafuneka ukuba enye nenjongo. Ngesi sihlandlo, kakhulu, yiya amavo ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, emva kokuba ukwakhiwa kwendlu wamnika zizifundiswa. Maxa wambi, apho kwakuhlala UYevgeny Yevtushenko Galina Ulanova, Andrei Voznesensky, kaFaina Ranevskaya, Lyudmila Zykina, Nona Mordjukova kunye nezinye abadumileyo abaninzi. Ngoko ke ukuba indlu ophambili.

Umgangatho komhlaba kwakukho iofisi eposini, indawo yokubhaka, a bhanyabhanya.

Xa kanye ukuphakama Garden Ring

Kuba amafu kaStalin sakhiwa kwindawo eliphezulu iGarden Ring, oko kukuthi, nangona ubukhulu ezincinane kuthelekiswa nezinye izakhiwo, kubonakala gqitha yaye abangaboni enasilela ngayo kwamanye.

Isakhiwo sakhiwa kwiprojekthi ye abakhi BS Mezentsev and AN Dushkin. Loo zolawulo kunye nendawo zokuhlala zokwakha imitha-138 ubude. intente yakhe isithsaba uhlobo longline.

Ukwakhiwa eziphakamileyo kwindawo Red Gate kwakugcwele neengxaki ezithile. Kukho kwakhona wakha isikhululo zinzulu metro, yaye elinye iphiko sakhiwo ime phezu esitishini. Akukho lula ukuba nabayili. Kodwa benza yonke into njengoko kuyimfuneko, esebenzisa ingcamango luli: qhwa of kumbiwa kunye nokwakhiwa isakhiwo kwi-engile (xa defrosted emhadini, bayilungisa isakhiwo).

isakhiwo solawulo ngamaxesha Soviet, wathabatha Ministry of Engineering Transport. "Transstroi" Ngoku kukho ofisi zeli qumrhu. Xa isakhiwo yokuhlala, nto leyo yayimi phezu isiza amafu kaStalin, uMikhail Lermontov wazalwa.

Kakhulu "wazifela" - hotel "iLeningrad"

amabali umdla sonke sifanelwe ezinde kaStalin eMoscow. Amafoto kwakhona bayihombise kubo albhamu.

Hotel "Leningrad" ukuphakama (136 eemitha) emva kwezinye eziphakamileyo, kodwa yena ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye yokufeza ingaphakathi. Luhlanganisa iziqalelo izakhiwo yamandulo yokwakha indlu. Interior ukwandisa ezinqabileyo ngamatye asetyenziswa, enkulu neendawo ngumkhenkce, kukho isiqabu ebonisa Georgiya Pobedonostsa, iingcango zesinyithi esizisebenzileyo, ukukrola ... The bezakhiwo isakhiwo - LM Ashera no AB Boretsky.

Le ehotele ngoku ebizwa «HiltonMoscowLeningradskaya», balungiselela ukhenketho ezizodwa.

Le ehotele ibekwe kufuphi Komsomolskaya Square, okwabizwa ngokuba "Three ipetroli Square" (Kazan, Yaroslavl naseLeningrad).

Iidilesi amade kaStalin eMoscow abazange kwazi ngokuqinisekileyo. Izikhokelo zezi: Vorobyovy Gory, Kudrinskaya Square, Tinkers eweni, Kutuzov Avenue, indawo Red Gate, kunye Arbat Street Kalanchevskaya.

Ngaba amafu wesibhozo?

Ngosuku engama izakhiwo 8 of eMoscow lenziwe. Isakhiwo yezolawulo, nto leyo elicwangciselwe ukwakhiwa ophetheyo (umyili nguDmitry Chechurin), akazange abe nexesha lokwakha. Ngowe-1953 waba ukulungele stylobate kuphela.

Emva kokufa kukaStalin kaThixo, isiza ukwakha mothballed. Kamva, kwi 60s, endaweni yayo lwakwakhiwa ihotele "Russia", oko ke idilizwe.

Ngoko ke indlela amade Stalin e-eMoscow? Seven. Yaye ngamnye kubo kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Yeyona ibali komkhulu.