Software - Yintoni le? Yintoni iNkqubo Software?

Nayiphi umsebenzisi we computer yonke imihla lijongene ixesha ezifana Software. Akumangalisi oku, ngenxa yokuba ukuqonda mihla eli gama licaciswe ngokuthi "software" okanye, xa anegama, "PO" ( "ethambileyo"). Makhe sihlolisise izinto ezithile ezibalulekileyo kweentlobo software kunye nobudlelwane namanye amacandelo yeenkqubo zekhompyutha. Ngoko ke, yintoni na Software?

imiba ngokubanzi

Ngandlel 'ithile Software jikelele - iseti imiyalelo, imigaqo kwi ngokubulawa kwabo ngokusekelwe ulwimi lokuprograma, inkqubo okanye isethi iinkqubo anoxanduva ngentsebenziswano hayi kuphela phakathi lomsebenzisi kunye nenkqubo computer, kodwa phakathi kweenxalenye intsimbi ebizwa ngokuba ye computer okanye ezinye izicelo elakhiwe ngeenjongo ezithile.

Kuxhomekeka imisebenzi igunya le software, bonke isoftware lungohlulwa lube kwiiklasi eziliqela, nto leyo eza kuxoxwa kamva.

Isibulali-Software: umahluko kunye nobudlelwane

Ukutolikwa la magama mabini weza kokufika iikhompyutha okokuqala. Namhlanje, loo nto ixela ukuba Hardware - Le yentsimbi ye computer ( "intsimbi" amacandelo), nto leyo ndachukumisa izandla (motherboard, iprosesa, inkumbulo, peripherals, kunye nezinye izixhobo kwinkqubo, okanye idityaniswe nalo).

Lutho ukutyhilwa malunga eli gama kule Software. Translation angamelwa ngokoqobo "xa zishishina zisithengisela ethambileyo". Nenye intsingiselo, nto leyo yathetha ukuba le nkqubo ayikwazi iphathwayo, oko ngengqiqo, nkqu isakhi yenyani.

Kwaye, okubaluleke Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ngokuba kusetyenziswe "intsimbi" okanye ukufikelela ubuchule yalo mfuneko kufuneka zisetyenziswe software okhethekileyo uhlobo lweenkqubo zolawulo ezizodwa, linoxanduva yokusebenza izixhobo ezifana (abaqhubi, ubeka umyalelo igalelo / imveliso BIOS njalo njalo. D.) .

I-Software elithi ngokwayo, uguqulelo notoliko ngazo ngoku kusetyenziswa yonke indawo kwenzeka kwimeko software, nokuba ekuqaleni izixhobo zekhompyutha wayengekho ukusetyenziswa. Kwaba kuphela ekuqaleni nenani-60 ziphelile. Kwakunxibelelene ukusungulwa ocacile amaqela anoxanduva lokulawula yentsimbi ye computer, kwaye umsebenzisi ekupheleni. iiklasi ezinxulumene (Software kunye Hardware) baba iinkqubo hardware kunye software eyaziwa.

software Classification ngokusekelwe kwindlela eziliqela

Njengoko Software - oku yinxalenye yenkqubo yayo nayiphi na inkqubo yekhompyutha, le software zingahlulwa ngokweendidi eziliqela ezibanzi ngokusekelwe imisebenzi eziwabelweyo. Umzekelo, kwi-software ukusetyenziswa kunye phindana wohlulwe Corporate (siko yemizimveliso ezinkulu kunye neenkampani) kunye software esenzela uluhlu olubanzi abasebenzisi.

Ngokutsho nokuthwaleka kwiimpawu kuba liqonga ezithile (ezisebenza kuphela kwenye aphakathi omnye uhlobo "intsimbi"), kwaye cross-platform (apha naphaya iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu).

Ngokutsho okusasaza uhlobo lungohlulwa lube software obuphuma, vula (malunga yemvelaphi ikhowudi kwi Open Source License GNU Jikelele zoLuntu) kunye simahla. Ukongeza, apha basoloko zibandakanyiwe simahla, ihlawulwe kunye shareware. Uhlobo yokugqibela Isicelo ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye ukusebenza elifutshane kangangexesha elithile, emva koko, le program kuya kufuneka ukuba bathenge. Kungenjalo, uya kuyeka ukusebenza.

Kodwa ngokuhlelwa ekujongwe kuthetha ubukho iindidi ezintathu ezibanzi software:

• inkqubo;
• yezandla;
• instrumental (izixhobo zophuhliso, izixhobo kunye eziluncedo).

System Software

Njengokuba amacandelo nkqubo ayikho kuphela isicelo ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Enyanisweni, iinkqubo zokusebenza nazo iinkqubo.

Amaninzi, kunjalo, inkqubo le software babecinga ukuba uhlobo maleko onxulumanisa iinkqubo umsebenzisi ukusuka kwindawo kwinkqubo yokusebenza indlela apho asebenza, kwaye iintsimbi ebandakanyekileyo ekwenzeni umsebenzi othile (umzekelo, abaqhubi isixhobo efanayo).

Ukuyenza ibonakale ncono, siya kumnika umzekelo olula. Thabatha Windows zokusebenza (inkqubo umaleko), ikhadi lesandi ( "intsimbi") kunye player media (isoftware application). Ukuze saundkarta akwazi ziyazala isandi, kufuneka umqhubi (inkqubo software) enika ulawulo isixhobo inkqubo yokusebenza, nto leyo ke iqonga lo mdlali. Ekubeni le nkqubo ivumela isixhobo, kubakhokeli awo adlulisele kuye ukuba ukulawula umdlali, ukuba ayinakubhaqa udidi lwefayile evakalayo isebenzisa codecs ezizodwa kunye STB (izixhobo software ezongezelelweyo). Ubudlelwane izicacele.

iinkqubo zesicelo

Ukuze izicelo ukubandakanya zonke ezo izicelo musa ukubaleka amacandelo inkqubo okanye sebenzisa kuphela ngenxenye, ukusombulula imisebenzi ethile umsebenzisi echazwe kakuhle.

Umzekelo namhlanje singakwazi kuzisa lukhulu: abandwendweli ofisi, abahleli eendaba, inkqubo yobalo zemathematika kunye noyilo, kuthetha ukufikelela kwi-ulawulo intanethi kunye nothungelwano, logger data, njl Njengoko ubona, uhlobo ngalunye software (Software) - sisixhobo igqalise ukuphunyezwa .. uluhlu imxinwa imisebenzi, kwaye usebenzisana ngqo kumsebenzisi inkqubo yekhompyutha yonke.

Izixhobo & eyenzelwa

Ezi zixhobo ziquka software ukwenzela uphuhliso kunye nokugcinwa nezinye iindidi ze-software. Oku kuquka iqonga ulwimi bume lokuprograma uphuhliso, iipasela SDK, yophawulo ye bug kunye Yeenguqulelo Ezisebenza kunye.

Ngokuphathelele eziluncedo, ukuba ngaphantsi rhoqo ibhekisa software ukuba uqwalasele parameters yentsimbi, kunye / okanye amacandelo inkqubo yekhompyutha software ngendlela enobunye, ngaphandle apho ukufikelela ngokwezicwangciso ezinye iindlela ayinakuphunyezwa. software eloluhlobo adityaniswe kwinkqubo yokusebenza okanye efakwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Kwezinye iimeko, eziluncedo ungasebenzisa izicwangciso esizisebenzelayo ezipheleleyo (umzekelo, optimizers isicelo ukulungisa bugs nokuphucula ukusebenza-Windows systems).

endaweni yokuba UYobi

Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba abasebenzisi abaninzi badla iphakamisa omnye umbuzo malunga Software elithi:? «Yintoni na le nkqubo" Le ndlela ngandlel ayilunganga, kuba, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe apha ngentla, kunokuba isicelo esisodwa nje kuphela, kodwa isethi iinkqubo, iseti imiyalelo zolwimi, imigaqo kunye nemigaqo ye ulwimi lokuprograma ukulawula amanye amacandelo okanye intlawulo ukuze kungonakali kunye nokubulawa ngohlobo iqokelelwe kwikhowudi yokubini, umzekelo, iprosesa engundoqo.

Le yokuhlela nalo phantsi kweemeko kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba kule nkcazo zaye zanikezelwa kuphela iintlobo eziphambili software ngaphandle ukwahlulwa ngakumbi subclasses, nto leyo namhlanje nakubalwa kakhulu, kakhulu kunene. Kodwa ukuqonda lokuqala Software elithi umsebenzisi abaqhelekileyo kwanele kwaye olu lwazi.