Shmutstitul - yintoni na le nto?

Ndiyakuthanda ukufunda iincwadi namhlanje wonke. Kwaye nje ukuba liyayishicilela ke ngoku eqolo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba uninzi inkcazelo oyifunayo, unako lula ukufumana simahla kwi Internet. Ngaphandle koku, ukushicilelwa kuyaqhubeka kwanda. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwenzela ukuba wonge imali, ezinye iimpawu yemveli kuyilo ncwadi abavakalisi engasekho kusetyenziswa namhlanje. Phakathi kwabo - le shmutstituly kanye eqhelekileyo. Esi sihloko zibonakala zahluke kwabaninzi, kodwa ke kwiminyaka engama-200 kuphela eyadlulayo ngaphandle kwabo ayenzi nayiphi na incwadi enye. Yintoni na yaye kutheni ufuna?

Shmutstitul - yintoni ukuba wokushicilela?

Shmutstitulom kushicelelo wabhekisela kwiphepha ekhethekileyo olwandulela elicandelo litsha le ncwadi, okanye nkqu iphepha isihloko. Shmutstituly kule ncwadi lweenkonzo ezingaziwayo indima wephepha lokuqala kwesahluko ngasinye okanye icandelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ayimiqulu igama entloko, maxa wambi ezihonjiswe ngeepateni.

Shmutstituly isongeza incwadi intuthuzelo xa kuntywilwa phakathi zizahluko namacandelo. Ngoncedo lwabo umfundi, nokuba uviwo ngokudlulisa kungabonwa kwimemori ezifana kwiphepha kwaye uzulazule ngokukhululekileyo kupapasho ngexesha kufundwa yesibini.

Ethetha eli lizwi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kwiimeko ezinqabileyo shmutstitul - yinto nje umfanekiso okanye ipateni zokuhombisa ekuqaleni kweli candelo, nto leyo kuxwebhu elahlukileyo, kodwa ngokwayo intloko. Nangona kunjalo, i lungiselelo - Kwimeko ongasetyenziswayo kuyo lo mgaqo.

Imbali isithuba ekhohlo ukubonisela

Ngolwimi Russian, kwafika eli gama evela German. Kulwimi eli gama lokuqala Schmutztitel lithetha "inshorensi sheet emdaka."

Kanye gama ibonisa indima engundoqo edlalwa yazo shmutstituly - kwaba likhusi ubumdaka kunye nezinye umonakalo emzimbeni kwiphepha isihloko lwencwadi okanye isahluko.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo ingqiqo shmutstitula waseJamani ivela kwisiLatini, ilizwi Antiporta, nto leyo kwakuthetha ingqiqo eyahlukileyo kancinane acacise - "Umphambili" (umfanekiso ngaphandle umbhalo, ibekwe kwiphepha efanayo kunye isihloko kwi kuhlwe band).

iintlobo shmutstitulov

Njengoko izimbo, ngoko ke zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela shmutstitul. Kuyinto okuhombisa, ipeyinti, zokuhombisa, iyelenqe-enemifanekiso nezidibeneyo. Kulo mzekelo, amagama ngokwabo uthethe ngayo ukubaluleka kwabo.

Version of ukuvela shmutstitulov

Kuye kusetyenziswa yokuqala yazo shmutstituly eJamani phakathi kwenkulungwane XVIII. Kodwa ke, eli bali lokwenyaniso kwazo ayaziwa. Ngoko ke, kukho iingcamango ezimbini ukuchaza indlela nayiphi shmutstituly (oko kukuthi, siye sele wachaza). Kuyaphawuleka ukuba bobabini musa iyaphikisana, kwaye mhlawumbi zombini ziyinyani.

Ngokutsho shmutstitul omnye zibekwe phambi cover page njengoko ukuqulatha, ikhuselwe nxamnye ukungcola nothuli.

Kukho enye inguqulo. Njengoko waziwa kakuhle, ngoxa sheets eziprintiweyo hayi ibhijelene ngqo umshicileli okanye umshicileli, ukuba kwathengiswa ngaphandle Umatshini zilayishwe ezibhokisini okanye nemigqomo. Emva ethengisa uthenge ezi makhishithi, umnini ivenkile wayisa kuloo bookbinder. Kwaye, yena, enkosi shmutstitulam ngayo yonke ingcaciso malunga incwadi okanye icandelo nganye yayo, ukuze yokwaba kakuhle isahluko Tome elizayo sikhethwe.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, xa iteknoloji ushicilela unenzondelelo utshintsho, sebenzisa shmutstitul - oku ngaphezulu ixhanyulwe kunokuba yimfuneko. Noko ke, abanye abavakalisi ukwandisa umthamo le ncwadi, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ixabiso layo lokuthenga, hamba uye iqhinga, esongeza shmutstituly engeyomfuneko ngokupheleleyo.

Kakhulu ukonga noogxa babo abafuna ukunika incwadi chic, kodwa hayi ukuchitha imali amashiti ezongezelelweyo, indawo shmutstitul kwesihloko ndahlula intloko okubhaliweyo okanye yokuhombisa blank unomtsalane. Le yazo ibizwa "ikepusi" Noko ke, abanye abantu ngokwamandulo obizwa ngokuba "shmutstitulom" yayo.

Njengoko ibhalwe shmutstituly

Ukwenza le nxalenye yale ncwadi idla kakhulu zemveli, nangona abanye abavakalisi athile kude ekuthiwa-ncwadi.

Ngokwemveli shmutstitul - indibanisela yamagama entloko okanye epigraph ku umzekeliso okanye nje ezintle njengezivatho c, Monograms.

Wasibeka kusoloko ngokupheleleyo kwiphepha elingumnqakathi kwi jika ngasekunene-ngesandla. sheet IMVELAPHI ukuze mhlawumbi ibe engenanto (leyo ayinqweneleki) okanye ziquka ekupheleni kweli candelo odlulileyo. Ukuba umbhalo kwesahluko sangaphambili siphele kwiphepha engaqhelekanga, kufuneka yabelwe kwakhona ngendlela yokuba ekupheleni kwalo kwafuneka yebo kuluhlu.

Ngokuphathelele shmutstitula ifonti, kufuneka ibe efana naleyo isetyenziselwa xa ubeka cover page, kodwa kufuneka ibe ncinane (a ubukhulu). Imigca kufuneka zibekwe phakathi kwaye ahambelane ngesimbo kwesigubungelo sheet le ncwadi.

Ngokungafaniyo shmutstitula on kwisihloko somhla, isihloko kunye kontrtitula

Ukuba iyitshinizele nesibakala shmutstituly - oko kukuthi, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo zahluke kwezinye amagama ashicilelwe.

Ngamanye amaxesha shmutstitul bedidekile ngesiqingatha isihloko - elandulelayo page iphepha isihloko, ezo ulwazi wondla malunga abashicileli, umbhali, umzobi wemifanekiso, copyright kokubhaliweyo, njl Ngaphambili, isihloko isiqingatha ngokwemveli ifoto okanye umzekeliso incwadi, kodwa namhlanje le nto ingafuneki xa .. design.

Isihloko shmutstitula azakubalulwa ulwazi kweli phepha malunga umbhali kunye itayitile yencwadi. Nangona shmutstitul phantse zange iqulathe iinkcukacha malunga umdali lo msebenzi.

Enye indlela efanayo yi "kontrtitul". Njengomgaqo, isetyenziswa kuphela iincwadi multi-volume, ngokunjalo iincwadi iguqulelwe kwezinye iilwimi. Ngokwemveli, ibekwe kwicala lasekhohlo lwe-inshorensi sheet. Kontrtitul iqulathe ulwazi malunga umbhali kunye isihloko thotho (ukuba eli hlelo yenye imiqulu), okanye igama incwadi kunye igama mdali layo kulwimi lwantlandlolo, ukuba inguqulelo.

Ezimakhulu mabini iminyaka ikhona shmutstituly wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulondolozweni incwadi nganye. Noko ke, namhlanje yintsalela kwishishini zokupapasha. Ngaphandle koku, wonke umfundi kufuneka ubuncinane ingcamango ekwanti yintoni le nxalenye yale ncwadi yaye yintoni indima edlalwe ngaphambili.