Sarcophagus e Chernobyl: ukwakhiwa

ntlekele Technogenic e eChernobyl kwakhokelela ukukhululwa omkhulu kwezinto radioactive. kwavela Intsongelo uluntu. sarcophagus e Chernobyl, equka i-unit lesine - ukuze izikhusele ifuthe ezikhutshwayo elizayo kwixesha elifutshane (iinyanga ezintandathu), kwakhiwa isakhiwo enkulu.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, sele kudlule phantse engama-30 ukususela kokukhutshwa radiation e Chernobyl. iimpawu sokhuselo sarcophagus omdala sona. Iqalwe nesantya ngokuthe luqhuba kulwakhiwo sarcophagus elitsha Chernobyl. Indlela ukwakha indawo endala, yintoni na bayahlelwa reactor zitshatyalaliswe yaye ukuthetha ngayo nabantu abafanelekileyo Ukraine, ukuba lo nguye isakhiwo olukhuselayo - umxholo weli nqaku.

A sarcophagus elikhulu - iprojekthi "Shelter"

Ukwakhiwa kweendawo ezinjalo, nto leyo iza kukhusela ihlabathi ukusuka ingozi radiation watshabalalisa reactor 4 lwaqhutywa ngexesha irekhodi ixesha - iinyanga ezintandathu (ukuba ngqo, ngoko 206 iintsuku).

Ulwamkelo ngokusesikweni ukwakha, kamva ngokuba "sarcophagus", iKomishoni kaRhulumente yanikwa ngoNovemba 30, 1986. Le into kwi bamaxwebhu izenzo kuluhlu "Shelter".

Shelter yeyunithi amandla 4 yenzelwe engama-25 zokusebenza. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ekuqaleni kuka-2015, wayesele engama-28 neenyanga ezintandathu, nto leyo kancinane ixesha elide ngaphezu sicinywa. Ixesha wokwakha sambulala inyathelo ngoFebruwari 2013 ipleyiti ngaphezu igumbi injini i inciphisiwe. mingxuma Square kwi "iqokobhe" ibakhusela square metres ezilikhulu ambalwa. Ulwakhiwo yokuhlala omtsha asibekele reactor kunye sarcophagus omdala eChernobyl kunye - umsebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu.

Yintoni sarcophagus yakhiwe ngo-1986?

Isiqalo radiation abakwindawo yengozi eChernobyl yaye uhlala phezulu kakhulu. Ukuze ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwe radiation kufuneka uyilo enamandla nezinto.

iimfuno ezinjalo ziyangqinelana kulwakhiwo, zicwangciselwe kwiziseko zentsimbi kunye neebhloko eziphathekayo. 400,000 cubic metres eziphathekayo kunye neetoni 7,000 zezakhiwo ezityhidiweyo: Xa kwakhiwe yayo ixesha elikhulu izinto yasetyenziswa. Oku kuquka izinto ezongezelelweyo.

Kunika umdla ukwazi ukuba ikhangeleka sarcophagus kwi Chernobyl namhlanje. Uthungelwano Ungafumana okuninzi kweefoto. On kubo sibona isakhiwo imilo elingenammiselo, geometrically ingena kunokuba in a uxande. Iindonga zenziwe lamanqanaba ezininzi kwezakhiwo ufakelo lwesamente.

Ukwakhiwa ngeendleko ubomi kunye nempilo yabemi

Emva kokuba ngozi kwinqanaba radiation eChernobyl inkulu kakhulu ukuba kusetyenziswa xa kusakhiwa weerobhoti. Oku nje kodwa oko akuzange kuncede. Ngoko ke kwafuneka enze phantse wonke umsebenzi wezandla zabantu. E Unit kweemitha 4 ngeenxa iye yawa yaqengqeleka radiation yangasemva.

Ukusuka onke amazwe USSR malunga 90 000 liquidators babandakanywe. Yokubulala iqela elikhokelwa Valery Mikhailovich Starodumov.

Manual kwenziwe umsebenzi omkhulu kunzima nkqu ngaphandle radiation yangasemva. Endaweni oomatshini ukuhambisa izinto zokwakha ezisetyenziswa iifotsholo kunye stretchers. Nokucocwa kobutyobo ye-reactor kutshatyalaliswa kwakhona ngesandla zavavanywa. Liquidators baba sengozini kunye namajoni akulambathanga; 30 Novemba kunyaka omnye apho kwenzeka ntlekele, lo msebenzi wagqitywa. Into umdla yaba sarcophagus e Chernobyl. Photo ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngenxa imbali ngelo xesha, yaye ngoku, Ixesha popularization ommandla wokuthinta ngaphakathi iincwadi zamabali yokuluka.

Iziphumo yokwakha 1986

Ungxamile wakha ukwakha, kusengqiqweni ukucinga, ayikwazanga kuqwalaselwa obungunaphakade okanye ubuncinane elide. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ukusebenza khusi reactor 4 elalibalwa iminyaka engama-25. Valery Starodumov thaca ingxelo ikhomishini karhulumente, leyo kutyhilwa, phakathi kwezinye iintsilelo kwi sarcophagus. Bobabini yokusebenza ngesithe nemisebenzi yabo, ngokunjalo zokwakha.

Starodumova kwisigqibo sokugqibela kukuba ezakhiwa izakhiwo ingenakuthatyathwa njenge rhoqo. Emva kwexesha elithile, kuya kufuna amanyathelo amatsha, olunzulu kunye Musa ukukungxamela ezinjalo.

Ingxaki nokulungisa sarcophagus

Ixesha kuthatha nzima yayo, kunye sarcophagus kwi eChernobyl kwakhona efanele impembelelo yayo. Ngoko ke, ngo-2008 kwakufuneka ukulungiswa eziye yenziwa ngempumelelo. Kwakhona, ngamaxesha athile zokomeleza izakhiwo.

Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zithi, kungekudala kwelikhaya ukuwa endala, ukunyuka ukuya kwiitoni emoyeni kothuli eqhumayo. Ukuthintela oku ekubeni sarcophagus entsha Chernobyl. ukwakhiwa layo sele phantsi ndlela, ukuba imirhumo kakhulu kuyo. Ngomhla kwakusakhiwa, ukukhuselwa ngcono emitsha kuxutyushwa ngakumbi.

Meaning sarcophagus ezintsha

Thina ethile ingcamango yokuba "Shelter-2" - imfuneko, awukwazi kundikhanyela kuyo. Ngqo intsingiselo sarcophagus omtsha wathi valeriy Kuhar, umlawuli we-Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry kunye Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences.

Ngoko, wathi kudliwano-ndlebe, into yokuqala oya kusebenza ikhusi omtsha - into ekupheliseni ngamafu zingcoliswe uthuli nezibi ngaphakathi. Kungenjalo, emoyeni uya kufumana elinye igalelo enamandla, ukuphila iimeko zimbi kakhulu.

A sarcophagus entsha eChernobyl, iprojekthi "Shelter-2", ukukhusela iyunithi amandla wamginya emanzini. Ngokutsho kwakhe, le ngxaki - enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo. Amanzi ungamandla etshabalalisayo enza phantse zonke izinto. Kwaye oku olwandulela ukuyilwa uthuli ezintsha kunye nobutyobo ezincinane, kunye yemisebe. Okwangoku, le ngxaki yamanzi iyatyhilwa afakwe nje ngaphandle kwayo kwibloko ezikufutshane nokuqokelela kwi lweetanki zokugcina. Kodwa kwaloku iya badiniwe kungekudala. Amanzi angena kwibloko yesi-4, uranium abosulelekileyo, atom, kwiteksti kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi kokusingqongileyo. sarcophagus ezinokuthenjwa ifuneka ngokungxamisekileyo ukuze uyeke ukuyilwa amanzi angcolile.

Species ukwazi eziphazamisayo

indawo okungayi emhlabeni iChernobyl isityalo samandla senyukliya utsala bathanda iimfihlelo. Kwaye bendalo: yonke indawo, apho alikwazi ukuba iliso eziqhelekileyo kuwe, kufuneka ube yinto engummangaliso. ukwazi Special ke sarcophagus e Chernobyl. Iifoto zithathwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle kummandla zabakhenkethi ize iposelwe kwi-network kuzo zonke ukwazi wabona isiziba iimfihlakalo efihliweyo sarcophagus.

inani Preemptive of iifoto kusesidlangalaleni - umfanekiso kwicala, eyenziwe iindwendwe indawo. Ngubani ukuthatha imifanekiso phantsi sarcophagus - singakwazi ndicinga kuphela. Namhlanje le ndawo Kusekho radiation ingozi imvelaphi, kangangokuba isivakashi akunakwenzeka ukuba kuwa phantsi sarcophagus.

Ngokuphathelele kwimeko sarcophagus, indawo yokuqala, kuya kusiba nzima. Ngehlobo lowe-2015 sihlelwe amtyhalela isakhiwo metal omtsha reactor kunye sarcophagus endala. "Shelter-2" Kubonakala ngathi elikwigophe elikhulu. Oku kubalwa ukuba iya kuba kukufumana ukukhuselwa minyaka ili-100 izayo kokusasazeka radiation.

iziphumo

ingxaki radiation ngendlela enye okanye omnye wachukumisa lonke uluntu namhlanje. Europe Chernobyl - isikhumbuzo ukuba akunakwenzeka ukulawula yonke into. I-1986 ingozi kwi eChernobyl, ingxaki eSoviet Union bagqiba ukwenza yokuhlala phezu yi-reactor liqhuma.

Kwinqaku thina nomdla ifoto sarcophagus e eChernobyl, ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ebe iinkcukacha zembali kokwakhiwa kwale sakhiwo, amathemba ezinxulumene isakhiwo olukhuselayo phezu unit yamandla. Ukuze uvuyo lwethu olukhulu, uluntu lwehlabathi ukuba niwakhumbule iingxaki ezikhoyo, kwaye namhlanje kwenziwa ngamandla ukwakha sarcophagus kwi eChernobyl, ukuba ukholosile Uyayifihla ugxininiso wengozi radiation kwi iChernobyl NPP.

utshaba Invisible, apho amashumi eminyaka kubomi bendawo yokuthinta eChernobyl, kusenjalo yingozi. Ngoko ke, sinqwenela ukuba ukugcina imbali yeziganeko kwaye kusoloko bazazi bume ngakumbi. Sinethemba Inqaku lethu liye umdla kunye nexesha yakho wachitha kakuhle kule uhambo imbali.