Sam Harris - Scientist, sobulumko kunye nombhali kubukho

Yazi ideology yokungabi, uSam Harris, phakathi kwezinye izinto, umsebenzi wakhe kuphakamisa umbuzo kokwahlulwa umdla zecawa norhulumente. Ngaba kunokwenzeka? Ukuba ubugqirha-bulumko kwinkalo neuroscience, wagxeka unqulo ngokwembono kugxeka zenzululwazi. Utyhila umongo kunjalo kuwo, kufuneka ukuba inkululeko yonqulo, ebonisa imfuneko kunye nokufumaneka ukugxekwa zoluntu iimfundiso zecawa.

Ngubani na Sam Harris?

Kakhulu yena wathi ngokwalo ethi "Isiphelo Faith, 'eyaqala ukubhala emva ekuhlaseleni kwi US ngo 2001. Ukuze lo msebenzi, ngowe-2005, wafumana ibhaso zoncwadi. Le ncwadi kukukhokela ngoziro iiveki ezingaphezu kwama-30. Wafumana isidanga sobugqirha yakhe kwiyunivesithi eyaziwayo. Omnye kwanemiyalelo kwithesisi yaba kwiindawo isifundo neuron ngoncedo livakale otsalayo ngayo kuloo maxesha kakhulu ekwenzeni izigqibo zabantu. Sasifunda impembelelo imiba ekumiseleni izimvo kunye izizathu zokuxhasa amanyathelo ngemiba eyahlukeneyo, kuquka nezo zinxulumene ukholo kunye ukungabikho kwalo.

Njengoko umbhali lwemisebenzi yoncwadi kunye journalistic kwi bulumko kunye nonqulo, ukuthetha phandle ngamandla kuzo imfuneko yokuba kujongwe iindlela yokuziphatha, ukholo, ithiyori ubuxoki, inkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo kunye ingcinga, radicalism Islamic nobunqolobi. Sam Harris i co-ngunozala "Isizathu Project." Yena mfundiso kwiiyunivesithi ezidumileyo. Kubonakala kwiiprojekthi bamaxwebhu kamabonwakude, ithetha bayawafundisisa iinkokeli zonqulo eyaziwayo, ephendula ukugxekwa iincwadi zabo.

iinkolelo

Ukholelwa ukuba akukho kuphinda Singalibazisa, yaye ilixesha ukuvula, isiqalo simahla yaye waqiqa sixoxa ngenkolo, ukuba akukho umqobo sokuphuhlisa inkqubela yenzululwazi. Harris wakhula ngaphandle kokunyanzelwa ukukholelwa kuThixo. Yena akayi ukufihla into yokuba, njengomfundi, waba amava bempembelelo eziyobisi zabo psyche. Sam Harris uthi ukuthatha eba wakwazi ukuva i "yiEnlightenment".

Kwikholeji, wafunda ubuchule bokulwa. Endayishiya emva ikhosi yokuqala eyunivesithi eIndiya ku joyina inkqubo yokomoya ukucamngca. Wazama phantsi kweliso dha kunye Hindu ootitshala iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukholelwa ukuba unako ukufumana 'ingqondo bakhanyiselwa, "kwaye ngaphandle nempembelelo iziyobisi ezidakumbisayo, yaye wazama ukufikelela oku kuye ngokwakhe. Emva kweminyaka eli-11, wabuyela University, waphumelela waza waba sisazinzulu sobulumko kunye ubugqirha.

biography

Sam Harris ngoku engama-49 ubudala. Wazalwa e Los Angeles ngo-Apreli 1967. Wakhulela kwintsapho eBerkeley noSusan Harris. Uyise - umdlali nonina - umlimi kunye umdali thotho TV (comedy). Le kholeji yaba kakhulu inxaxheba ubuciko bokulwa nkqu ngcebiso kwi qela. Wabhalisa Stanford University kunye wathweswa ikhefu kwizifundo zabo kangangeminyaka-11. Bachelor of Philosophy ngo-2000.

Sam Harris othetha ngobomi bakhe? Iincwadi kunye biography emva yokuphuma kwabo zihlobene. Thetha amaxabiso usapho sobulumko kubukho nyanya, bechaza iinkxalabo zokhuseleko kwixesha ukunganyamezelani. Sigxeke ulwalamano lwabo umsebenzi lenkolo kunye ubugrogrisi, ubaleka ingozi yokuba kobekujoliswe anenzondelelo kwaye endaweni yenye babo ababathandayo. Nditshatile ukususela 2004. Umfazi wakhe, annaka, umhleli uncwadi kunye nentsebenziswano ngunozala "Project Ingqondo", awusekileyo nokusasazwa kolwazi malunga uluntu ngeenjongo ezilungileyo. Esi sibini watshata neentombi ezimbini.

Sam Harris: Iincwadi

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwaye ebalulekileyo yaba neqembu yakhe. Ngokubhala ukuba watyhala iziganeko ezibuhlungu ka 2001 eUnited States. Yintoni ethi "Isiphelo Faith"?

Sam Harris kuye izama ekuhlalutyeni 'ukulwa "yonqulo eqhubekayo engqondweni-ukutshintsha uluntu namhlanje. Njengoko ingxabano kubangela ifana yembali, ugxininise iziganeko ukholo uyimfama olukhulu kwakhokelela ububi kunye kwintlekele. iminxeba Vula ukuba uluntu ukukhanyela iBandla ithuba Ukungenela nabo bonke nqulo kwimicimbi States yaye kwezopolitiko zehlabathi.

Emva abahlalutyi abaninzi baye bazama ukuba adlulisele iingcamango zakhe nokukhusela kwiimbono kwi "Ileta Isizwe Christian" (2006). Emva kweminyaka emine yempikiswano kwingxoxo ukupapashwa "landscape yokuziphatha 'yakhe (2010). Kulo msebenzi umbhali uzama ukudlulisela isithembiso inzululwazi kuphela ukucacisa imiba entsonkothileyo imilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye nefuthe lazo-ntle ngamnye kunye noluntu ngokubanzi.

Xa iphepha elilandelayo, isincoko elifutshane, nto leyo wakhululwa ngowe-2011, "Ubuxoki" ( "falsity"), Harris othetha imvelaphi kunye nohlobo siphene. Ngowe-2012 wapapasha elinye documentary emfutshane malunga "yokuzikhethela." Iphela ngalo mzuzu uluhlu kwiintlelo copyright yakhe ncwadi-sikhokelo ( "Bavuka", 2014) ukulungiselela ukulondolozwa ngokomoya ngaphandle unqulo.

ukugxekwa

Ngokuphindaphindiweyo wasivuna izimvo zabo kunye Outlook, ebonisa izityholo zobandlululo nentiyo. Sam Harris ugwetyiwe ngokuba wazithethelela ukusetyenziswa nxaniso (kileyo) kwiimeko ezizodwa kwaye nje ukuba batye. abachasi bakhe abanelisekanga inkanuko umbhali ukuba angenise uze ucacise iingxaki nenzululwazi lwamaxabiso yokuziphatha kwimo lula.

Harris oveza uluvo malunga psychology of Islamists ezinkulu kunye abagrogrisi uza kulufela ukholo, nayo ebangela ukudideka kunye igagasi ukunganeliseki. Begxeka kwenkcazo "kukuyibaxa zonqulo." Kuba kwindawo esebenzayo kubhaliwe ibhekiswe "Bulletin ye-Apocalypse." Abanye bathi ukuba umsebenzi wakhe ulwazi olutsha, yaye wakhankanya amanqaku ngembali nje bancedwa entsha nombhali umbono kukucinga ukuba i_i_isiseko iziganeko ukhona.

inkxaso

iincwadi zakhe ethandwayo, ukuphulaphula iintetho babutha izindlu zizele, ingxoxo iinkqubo zikamabonwakude uyabavusa ratings, apho Sam Harris langoku. "Ubuxoki," yapapashwa sincoko nje incwadi eyahlukileyo. Iyaxhaswa, kunye nabo. Abahlalutyi Usenokufumanisa kwimibhalo yakhe enengqondo.

Kunzima aphikisane ezicacileyo kunye eyayicace lokholo, nto leyo kangangeenkulungwane izama bakubetha ngoyaba kwaye ayanyuka abe phezulu Sem Harris. Xa imisebenzi yakhe, ubeka umbuzo nqo kunye nempendulo ikhwelo abo bathi kufanelekile ukuba simbulele uThixo izinto ezintle ngemihla. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi ngexesha elifanayo xa abantwana abamsulwa ababezalelwe wumbi ke uphiwa ukholo, uluntu kunye nabanye imilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye nezimvo, kubandezeleka aze afe kabuhlungu yoyikekayo.