Computer, Zokuhlela
Python ulwimi lokuprograma: emphethweni
I Python ulwimi lokuprograma (njenge "Python" okanye "Python") Kukho iindlela ezininzi loop ethile amanyathelo. Izixhobo ezingundoqo ukuphunyezwa nayiphi uniko lomyalelo omnye in Python - ngelixa ephambuka kunye. Lo gama loop sikhona yonke ngakumbi kunaye, ngoko ke kancinci. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba kungcono! I for loop isetyenziswa kakhulu, kuba nayo ndaqonda imisebenzi inzima kulwenziwo multi-level kunye neenkqubo mnogouslovnyh.
Python: yomjikelo postcondition
Imijikelo ne postcondition - oko iziporo ngexesha, nto leyo amacandelo kakhulu jikelele lwesebe lo bume kweenkqubo. Lo gama loop isebenza kumgaqo "nje". Oku kuthetha oku kulandelayo: xa imeko ethile uya kubuya ixabiso wenyaniso, uya kusebenza! Oku kuyilwa ibizwa "mjikelo" kuba ulawulo olusebenzayo cyclically ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kuqalwa ixabiso lokuqala. Out kumjikelo ngoxa Python kumiliselwa ngexesha xa ixabiso kuba bubuxoki. Kweli nqanaba, itoliki edlulisela program ukuya kwicandelo ezisebenzayo-lwesemantiki olandelayo kuphela, okt umgca omtsha, nto leyo ifumaneka emva kokuba ibhloko kunye ngelixa postcondition.
Kwiilwimi lwenkqubo, Python imijikelo ngelixa postcondition babe lwesivakalisi ilandelayo:
1. Ngexa (imeko): 2. nkulumo |
Nkulumo ingaba mhlawumbi ingxelo enye okanye eziliqela. Imeko usoloko ziyakubaluleka anyanisileyo azo naluphi na non-zero. Oku kuyilwa isebenza nje imeko elikhankanyiweyo kuyinyaniso.
Ukusebenzisa umjikelo ngoxa kwi "Python" umzekelo
Rassmotirim ngelixa loop. Python kakhulu umdla izakhiwo bophindo zayo:
a = 0 |
Siye wathi variable "i" waza wamcela ukuba zero. Emva koko wabeka imiqathango "ngelixa <7", oko kukuthi, lo gama i-bume "a" lingaphantsi kwenani "7", ngoko olu khetho lukhangelwe wethu uya kubulawa gama nje kukho bubuxoki.
Wamanga (oko kukuthi, iza kuvalwa ukusuka umjikelo) iza kuba xa kuya kuba likhulu kunenani "7" variable. Ukuze oku kwenzeke, kuba ixesha ngalinye incremented nge-1, ukuba kubonise "a = a + 1".
Ukuba ukuqhuba le yokwakha, le leta "A" zizakuboniswa izihlandlo 7 bomhlathi!
A |
loop Endless kanti Python
Indlela yokwenza loop obungenasiphelo Python gama? Guess akuzange kube nzima, kuba kumjikelo ade lude lufumane ixabiso wobuxoki, ukuba eli xabiso neze apho? Impendulo kulo mbuzo mhlawumbi sele ngoko yonke into icacile. Kwezinye iimeko, loop engenasiphelo efunekayo ukusombulula ingxaki? Lo mzekelo uza kusebenza yingqiqo inkqubo enjalo, njenge "iwashi." Apha, Kakade ke, kufuneka usebenzise umtya ongapheliyo, nto leyo iya kuhlaziywa ngokusisigxina kwaye ubonise ixesha.
loop engenasiphelo kudla a badwelisi benkqubo impazamo mafikizolo niyilibeleyo ukudibanisa kwemiqathango umjikelo utshintsho.
Makhe sihlolisise le iqhekeza zilandelayo ikhowudi Python. Imijikelezo kulo mzekelo esetyenziswayoName ngokungenammiselo (emva "#" ubuntu kuyinto a comment):
inombolo = 1 # ukubhengeza inani variable ize ilabele ixabiso lika 1 ngelixa inani <10: # Ayinakwenza postcondition, Leliphi inani elingaphantsi kwe-10 print 'Molo' # imeko (shicilela «Hello» umyalezo) |
Loo program kufuneka ukusondela ukuba iqulunqe, kuba iya kubaleka ngonaphakade. Sabuza ezinjalo iimeko eziya soze lobuxoki amaxabiso inombolo imeko «<10" kule meko kwaye usoloko yinyaniso, ngoko ke uniko kuya kuba rhoqo leyo inani N-th ka "" imiyalezo Molo. Ukuze ukumisa inkqubo yokuqulunqa ongunaphakade, kuya kufuneka ukuba cinezela iqhosha indibanisela Ctrl + C kwi iqokobhe.
Python: syntax. Ngoxa, nangenxa ephambuka
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ngolwimi le "Python" lwenkqubo, kukho iindlela ezininzi ukuze aququzelele i amabinzana iqela phinda. It awayihlangula yomtya ukuze, nto leyo bit eyahlukileyo ngelixa nayo, ngokuba eyilwe kancinane inzima ngaphezu postcondition nje. makhe Asithethi jikelele komjikelo, kuba ayikho, kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa ophambuka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu okwethutyana. A ezahlukeneyo ngeendlela zokusombulula le uyilo kunye nokusebenza kwalo mjikelo encinane ziphumelela kunye postcondition, ngoko ke kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi engenamsebenzi.
Yintoni imingeni ejongene umjikelo for? Alithandabuzeki elokuba, iyafana naleyo lo gama - iterate naziphi na iinkqubo. Amanqaku program yenziwe kwi "Python", lisetyenziswa yomtya ukuze, ezinako yokuphumeza traversal kwangaphambili nobuninzi lweziqalelo kwaye ukwenza emzimbeni wayo ezahlukeneyo ukuphindwaphindwa phezu kwabo. Iimpawu zale yoyilo ingasetyenziswa kwimigca imveliso okanye uluhlu njegawo nawaphi na amanye into esetyenziswayoName.
Umzekelo ukusetyenziswa kumjikelo in Python
Makhe sithi ezinye uluhlu lwamanani, yaye kufuneka sibe isiqalelo ngasinye (okt. E. Number) inyuke nge ziiyunithi ezintathu. Ukuze kuphunyezwe umsebenzi onjalo esinako ngokusebenzisa ngokwenzekayo, kuba iindlela loop.
Makhe sijonge a umzekelo ekhawulezayo, apho siya kwenza le amanyathelo afanelekileyo oku (emva "#" ubuntu kuyinto a comment):
spisok_chisel = [5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85, 95] # uluhlu wathi equlethe amanani 10 ubale = 0 # counter wadala ngeqanda beengxenye ku spisok_chisel: # iterate phezu uluhlu uze ubhale kuyo izinto spisok_chisel [ukubala] = izinto + # 3 Inani elandayo uluhlu ezintathu ukubala = ubale + 1 # yiya inani elilandelayo kwi index |
Isiphumo lokwakha ngasentla iya kuba:
spisok_chisel = [8, 18, 28, 38, 48, 58, 68, 78, 88, 98] |
Kumzekelo wethu, kukho ukubala otshintshayo, ekufuneka ukwenzela ukuba babhiyozele amaxabiso ukutshintsha uluhlu «spisok_chisel». Ubalo variable ixabiso index isiqalelo ngasinye uluhlu (inani ngalinye kuluhlu) ezirekhodiweyo. «Elements» eliguqukayo inxulumanisa ixabiso ebangela kuluhlu. Kule for ngokwenzekayo, sibona indlela yokuzalisekisa processing of into nganye kuluhlu lwamanani. Ngaphakathi yomtya, into nganye yamanani kunye index «count» wongezelela isixa element yangoku esetyenziswayoName ezintathu. Emva koko index yethu «ukubala» inyuke nge mnye, kunye ithombo ukuphunyezwa lwenkqubo lubuyisela ukuya ekuqaleni iintengiso zokwakha. Ngoko ke, lo ndzhendzheleko iya kuqhuba de de iye kusingathwa isiqalelo ngasinye uluhlu, enikwe yimeko. Ukuba naliphi na sakhi angekhoyo, kodwa umiselwe yimeko, umjikelo lugqityiwe. Sinqwenela ukutsalela ingqalelo into enye: Ukuba anithanga ubhale umgca «count = ubale + 1", nangona yokuba afanayo ezinto ukuqhubekekiswa ngempumelelo, kuya kusoloko kudityaniswa yokuqala lwamanani isalathisi into zero c.
Ngoku sinako ukucinga ngayo ngoxa siseko nokusebenza noyi uchonge umahluko (khumbula ukuba Python liphuma yomjikelo postcondition lwenziwa ngokwesiseko kweekhrayitheriya ubhalo - okwenyaniso (lo mjikelo uyaqhubeka) okanye aziyonyani (lo mjikelo iyeka)).
Indlela yokuphatha i umtya Python usebenzisa design?
Kuzo zonke ulwimi lokuprograma kukho imijikelo, kwaye zisebenza, ngokuqhelekileyo lo mgaqo, umahluko zibonakale kuphela lwesivakalisi. Noko ke, ngenxa yomtya kulwimi "Python" asiyiyo eziqhelekileyo ezingenamsebenzi, kuba umgaqo ukusebenza kwawo ayiphelelanga kwi counter. Le kuyilo kubalwa nto ngasinye ngokwahlukeneyo. Konke oku kube lula awucacise umzekelo ukusebenza kunye neengcingo, kodwa makhe siqale ukujamelana ukwakhiwa somjikelo ukuba:
ukuze variable
It egcinwa umsebenzi ngenxa Umjikelo bume
ku peremennaya_2
iqhosha igama «in» - kuba yinto yokuqala efunekayo xa usebenza «for» umjikelo. Ukusuka peremennoy_2 sidiliza ixabiso eziya esetyenziswayoName. Ecacileyo, kunye nokucacisa, makhe sihlolisise umzekelo elincinane ukusebenza kunye ukulungisa imitya e Python indlela:
Isakare = # 'lwenkqubo' ukubhengeza variable labele ixabiso lomtya ngokuba Slovo ku Isakare: # Yenza Slovo variable, nto leyo eya kuqhubeka aveza neekhowudi ze Isakare bume ushicilelo (Slovo, ekupheleni = '^') # Isiphumo le Slovo emva unobumba ngamnye, faka uphawu - nentaka. |
Isiphumo leempendulo:
P ^ p ^ o ^ r ^ r ^ i ^ m ^ m ^ ^ kunye p ^ o ^ i ^ i ^ n ^ kanye ^ e |
ukuqhubeka mazwi
umqhubi kuqhubeka phumeza lenguqu ukuya ekuphunyezweni kumjikelo olandelayo, mini sathanjiswa imeko, nokuba intsalela ngokwenzekayo. Sebenzisa i ukuqhubeka ingxelo banokuba imijikelo emibini - yaye nakuba.
Nanku umzekelo:
ngokuba yokubala 'phinda unobumba ngamnye, ngaphandle ngenxa' ukuba ukubala == 'o': uqhubeke ushicilelo (ukubala * 2, ekupheleni = '') |
Umphumo iya kuba yile ilandelayo:
Ppvvttrriimm kkaazhzhdduuyuyu bbuukkvvuu ,, kkrrmmee |
Xa mphathi ufumanekayo ileta "o" ngomtya 'phinda unobumba ngamnye, ngaphandle ngokuba' ukuphunyezwa yocwangciso nangoko zigqithiselwe kwi umgca emva kwegama '' siqhubeke '', apho imeko wayeyibhekise elintsonkothe ngayo unobumba ngamnye.
ingxelo sekhefu
Lwegama «ikhefu» kufakwa kuloo ndawo apho umjikelezo iphazanyiswe ngaphandle kokulinda yokugqitywa kwayo, elo wabelithiyiwe le meko. Oku kuyilwa idla ngokusetyenziswa xa ubhala iinkqubo a lot ekuqiqeni kunye nemiqathango.
Cinga nje ngomzekelo encinane kwingxelo sekhefu:
ngokuba yokubala 'phinda unobumba ngamnye, ngaphandle ngenxa' ukuba ukubala == 'o': ikhefu ushicilelo (ukubala * 2, ekupheleni = '') |
Umphumo iya kuba yile ilandelayo:
nn |
Xa mphathi ufumanekayo ileta "o" ngomtya 'ukuphinda zonke iincwadi ngaphandle' ukuphunyezwa yocwangciso nangoko zavalwa, nangona umgca olandelayo iqulethe ezinye iimeko kumjikelo.
Igama magic enye
Xa uthotho naluphi na uhlobo unako ukusebenzisa umqhubi wumbi. Yintoni na ukuba? Kwakhona kukhangela ukuba babenikelwe ngaphandle yomtya ithetha ikhefu okanye ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Vimba kunye nemithetho esele ekuphumezeni enye ziqale kuphela xa imeko ukuba ukugqiba komjikelo lwaqhutywa ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kobume ikhefu.
Cinga nje ngomzekelo amancinci okanye bodwa:
ngokuba yokubala 'hello emhlabeni: ukuba ukubala == 'I': ikhefu okunye: ushicilelo ( 'isigwebo sakho akukho ileta' I '') |
Imveliso ye-script:
isivakalisi wakho na incwadi "I" |
Imizekelo yemijikelo ngokulandelelana ngasemva Python ulwimi lokuprograma
Njengoko kuqaliswa Python kumjikelo umva? Masenze ngathi ukuba ukubhala yinkqubo efuna ukubona umgca ubuntu uze uprinte ukuze reverse. Indlela ukuphumeza oku?
Cinga umzekelo apha ngezantsi:
Slovo = 'lwenkqubo' new_slovo = [] kuba ukubala limile () Len (s, 0, -1): new_slovo.append (s [i-1]) new_slovlo [ 'P', 'p', 'o', 'G', 'p', 'a', 'm', 'm', 'u', 'p', 'o', 'a', ' a ',' n ',' u ',' e '] ushicilelo (new_slovo) [ 'P', 'p', 'o', 'G', 'p', 'a', 'm', 'm', 'u', 'p', 'o', 'a', ' a ',' n ',' u ',' e '] ushicilelo ( ''. ukujoyina (new_slovo)) |
Isiphumo leempendulo:
einavorimmargorp |
emphethweni ekwiseli
E Python, kukho kwakhona Imijikelo kweenkqubo kunye utyalo-mali, ukuba ibekwe kumzimba omnye. Kumjikelo ngamnye inokuba ndzhendzheleko ekwiseli, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukwakha leri yokungapheli. Xa uniko wokuqala yomtya engaphandle umntu watyeda umnxeba kwi ndzhendzheleko engaphakathi, nto leyo wabulawa phambi kokugqitywa yaso, ngoko ukulawula zonke kwakhona kwi umzimba yomtya engaphandle. Wonke ulwimi uneempawu zawo kweziporo zikaloliwe ekwiseli, makhe sijonge indlela abasebenza kwi "Python" ulwimi lokuprograma.
Ukuba usebenzisa imigaqo ekwiseli, Python inikeza syntax ilandelayo:
ngokuba variable ngokulandelelana eziguquguqukayo: ngokuba variable ngokulandelelana eziguquguqukayo isenzo (s) isenzo (s) |
Iimpawu ezizodwa kweziporo zikaloliwe ekwiseli yinto yokuba kumjikelo naluphi na uhlobo zingasetyenziswa njenge naluphi na uhlobo lomjikelo! Oku kuthetha ukuba kumjikelo lo gama (okanye) lingalungiswa ukuba umjikelo okanye kwakhona elixa vice versa.
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