Psychology Jikelele - esingunobangela ... I Basics kunye Psychology jikelele. General and Social Psychology

psychology Jikelele - inzululwazi, leyo umdla kuba kwisayikholojisti, kwakunye abameli, izazi. Ujongene kuyo nabameli bezinye imisebenzi. It ufunda imithetho kuphuhliso lokuqonda koluntu, ukuyilwa kweenkqubo zangaphakathi, izimo zengqondo, ubuntu, njalo-njalo. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko nayiphi na inzululwazi, iziseko psychology jikelele ziquka kungekuphela nje ulwazi olusisiseko kuphela, kodwa buchopho zophando ezininzi. Ubukho lolu shishino akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukufunda iindlela, imisebenzi kunye nezixhobo ezisisiseko terminological.

Subject isayensi

Jikelele Social Psychology anomoya ngokwabo isifundo sabo. Ngenxa yoko, le nto kujoliswe kuyo zinto zilandelayo:

• umsebenzi engqondweni;
• imemori;
• ubuntu;
• okucinga;
• sawo;
• imizwa;
• umbono;
• ngayo, njalo njalo.

La zithathwa izalana ngokusondeleyo kungekuphela ubomi bomntu, kodwa ke umsebenzi lonke ihlabathi. Xa isifundo le nto eninzi ingqalelo kufuneka inikwe umntu yelo iqela elithile uhlanga, ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo kwimvelaphi yezembali nokubunjwa kwayo. Ukufunda kwakhona ngeenkqubo ezininzi cognitive kwenzeka ngaphakathi. Ukugxininisa okukodwa ngengqondo ubuhlobo nabanye kumaqela zentlalo amanani ezahlukeneyo.

ikhosi yoqeqesho

psychology jikelele - kwesayensi jikelele theoretical component. It ngokusondeleyo edibene pedagogy, kwabantu, imbali yezobugcisa, intanda, Ezolimi njalo njalo. Intshayelelo psychology jikelele iqala izifundo ezininzi. Enkosi kubo, le inzululwazi na ukuma ngxi kwaye izisa iingenelo ezibalulekileyo kuluntu.

ikhosi ngokupheleleyo senkolelo kuquka bengqondo jikelele. Izihloko zahlulwe ngamacandelo ezithile: Intshayelelo, imiba jikelele, ngoko kwenzekayo kwixesha elidluleyo, iindlela, imigaqo, iinkqubo, ingakumbi amava amazwe njalo njalo. Indima olulodwa abayidlalileyo practice bengqondo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iziphumo zomsebenzi zokufundisa kunye nezenziwayo-nasengqondweni.

Iindlela kwengqondo jikelele

Kule inzululwazi, kukho inani elikhulu iindlela. Ngamnye kubo ngokubanzi asetyenziswe practice. psychology Jikelele - lo eluchochoyini onke amacandelo nasengqondweni. Umahluko omkhulu kwezinye iindawo kukuba iindlela ezithile ezisetyenzisiweyo apha. Ngokomzekelo, njengoko kwisiseko ebalulekileyo kusetyenziswa:

• Olungenamiqathango.
• Experiment.
• Incoko.
• Ngemibuzo njalo njalo.

Kuba ngamnye olunye siza kuthetha ngakumbi.

iimpawu ngokubanzi indlela lokuqaphela

Xa iinkcukacha ethile malunga nendlela isifundo ithi umbhali weencwadi ezininzi egameni Maklakov. psychology jikelele iquka indlela ezifana ngokubona, egqalwa eyona ndlela yamandulo yokwazi. Le fom ilula kwaye uninzi yaziwa kakuhle ngayo - yobomi bemihla ngemihla nawazibonayo ngemihla. Nokuba uhlawula ingqalelo bona, uya kuqaphela ukuba ukusebenzisa kwakho le ndlela engqondweni yonke imihla. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo kokuma:

1. Zexesha elifutshane kwaye ixesha elide, ezinokuthi zenzeke phakathi kweminyaka embalwa.
2. Ikhetha.
3. Solid ezizodwa. Kwimeko yokugqibela, mkhanyo ngokwakhe sokuvalwa emoyeni behlolisisa.

Kwimeko nganye iqulathe izigaba ezininzi:

1. eziphambili ezibaluliweyo isicwangciso olugunyazisiweyo kwaye inani lemisebenzi ukunceda ukufikelela kwiziphumo ezilindelekileyo.

2. Ukukhethwa kwisifundo esithile, loo nto isifundo, le meko.

3. Ingcaciso ngeqela iindlela zingachaphazeli kwi into phantsi isifundo.

4. Ukucacisa ukubethelela Data kunye nefomu processing.

Kukholelwa ukuba ubulali inolwayo kuyajongwa yangaphandle, ekubeni ziyabophelela iziphumo ikhutshwa phandle umntu zangaphandle. Le ndlela kwakhona yahlulwe ngqo nengxelo-ntetho. Ngokwahlukeneyo zabelwe ifomu ezifana anze. Le ndlela iphumelela kuphela kunye eksperimenti nencoko.

Incoko njengenye yeendlela ezibaluleke kakhulu kwinzululwazi

psychology jikelele - kwesayensi ezininzi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ndlela elinye inani elikhulu lezicelo ezahlukeneyo practice.

Ukubaluleka na ingxoxo bengqondo. Le yingqokelela ngqo okanye engangqalanga ulwazi malunga umbuzayo ubuso. Ingcaciso efunyenweyo ingalungiswa ngombhalo ngomlomo. Ngenxa processing elandelayo yonke ingcaciso ayifumene, iziphetho uhlalutyo ngenyameko.

Iingxoxo nabo zihlelwe ngokwezi uhlobo incoko. Ngenxa yoko, ukuqokelelwa ekwanti kolwazi malunga umntu yodliwano-ndlebe, xa umntu esabela kuluhlu pre-ezilungiselelwe imibuzo, uphando kunye nemibuzo. Zonke ezi zilwanyana zingentla iimpawu ezikhethekileyo, ezifana udliwano survey aphendule ngembalelwano.

Njengoko yokusebenza ibonisa, indlela isebenzayo yokuqokelelwa kwedatha yi ndlebe buqu lo ngumphandi uphando. Oku kudala umoya ubudlelwano, ekuthe interlocutors bazive bekhululekile kwaye bonwabile. Ukuze ukuqokelela isixa ubuninzi ulwazi umntu oqhuba uphando, kuyimfuneko ukuba bacebe kakuhle na. Okokuqala, yenza isicwangciso uze uthethe ukujonga zonke iingxaki ngesisombululo apho kubalulekile ukufumana.

Incoko ibandakanya kungekuphela nje ukunikwa iimpendulo ngendlela ethile, kodwa ke imiba zesifundo. Njengoko yokwenza ubonisa, ulwazi ezininzi ungafumana ngenxa incoko endlela-mbini.

Le lokulinga yaba indlela psychological

Esebenzisa le ndlela, uphando ichaza ngokweenkcukacha Maklakov, "Psychology Jikelele" - enye yezona ufanelwe indalo yakhe, nto leyo zigutyungelwe iinkcukacha yonke imiba bokuqonda.

Linga ebizwa Ukungenela kubomi kunye umsebenzi womntu. Kwaye ukwenza oku kunokuba zombini experimenter ngokwakhe, okanye umntu kwangaphambili ukuba thethwano kunye naye. Ekuhambeni kwe Ngokwendlela leyo isetyenzisiweyo, iimeko ezithile zenziwa. Njengoko yoko experiment kuphuma ukuziphatha ethile okanye ukuziphatha kwimeko yokuhlolwa.

Le ndlela kwakhona zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela. Ethandwa kakhulu nokuhlola elebhu. Senzeka, iimeko ezithile wadala ngokukhethekileyo. imfuneko olugunyazisiweyo - ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ethile. Zonke izenzo zilawulwa yimithetho echazwe-ngaphambili. A isici esasenza olu hlobo kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba mba uyakubona oko ngoku nokuhlola. Kakade ke, yena akazi ukuba yintoni injongo iimeko, kodwa oku Ungalungisa ukuziphatha kwakhe. Yaye sele inempembelelo ebalulekileyo ukuthembeka data.

Ezinye amalinge enokwenziwa kanye kuphela, abanye - izihlandlo eziliqela. Ukongeza, ezinye zenzelwe ukuba ukuvelisa iziphumo ngokuhlalutya ukuziphatha komntu othile, omnye - iqela labantu.

iimvavanyo

Ke ithetha lukhulu malunga iimvavanyo psychology jikelele. Le ncwadi iqulathe naluphi na ulwazi lombhali kule hlobo ubuchule. Iimvavanyo uvavanyo article ekuvumela ukuba ukucwangcisa umntu othile kwi iseti ethile iimpawu kunye neempawu umlinganiswa. Yokuba yexesha elifutshane kunye efanayo yonke imisebenzi. Iimvavanyo zinakho ndawonye njengovavanyo xa sikulungele, yaye emva kwexesha elithile. Ukongeza, iqukumbela isifundo ukuba ubukho iimpawu ezithile neempawu ngamnye zophuhliso.

Iimvavanyo ezisetyenziswa iisayikholojisti ukuseka sase- elizayo, ukuze phambili ukuziphatha ngamnye. Ukongeza, ngenxa abasebenzi arhente umsebenzi onjalo ukwenza uxilongo. Zonke iimvavanyo kufuneka zinokuhonjiswa kakuhle kwaye zibonisa kakuhle iziphumo. umbuzo ngamnye kufuneka asukele injongo (umzekelo, ukwazi inqanaba lophuhliso ubuntu kwikharityhulam okanye ukudala umfanekiso ngokwasengqondweni criminogenic ye-mthetho, njalo njalo) kwaye ube kwezesayensi. Ukuthembeka nokuchaneka - nkqu ezinye iimpawu ezifunekayo ukuze uvavanyo.

Ingakumbi indlela yemfuza

Ngokuxhomekeka kwengqondo jikelele kuhlangene iindlela yemfuza nangemigaqo yemfuza. kubume bayo siyifumana imfuneko ukufunda ngumntu othile ngenjongo ukumisela imithetho zenzululwazi jikelele. Nokubengezela le ndlela kube kuyenzeka ukufumana indlela kusakhelwa kwaye phakathi nokuhlola.

Le yinto Psychology Jikelele

Into - ngumqathango oyimfuneko ukuba ngobukho zonke inzululwazi. Kubalulekile ukwahlula ngayo lo mbandela, kuba lishishini ethile, loo mba lwezenzululwazi, leyo othile ichatshazelwa uphando. Njengoko isifundo, ukuba imisebenzi ethile, leyo zigutyungelwe kwinzululwazi.

Injongo kwingcingane jikelele psyche xa lonke uluntu xa lilonke, kwaye ubuntu ethile ngamnye. Le mbono ithathwa njengenye iintlobo intsebenziswano izidalwa jikelele ngaphandle. Ngapha koko, le psyche unika ubuchule ukuguqulela zifezeke kwakho iingcinga, ukuziphatha, izigqibo, inkuthazo njalo njalo. Ngaphezu koko, naluphi na ulwazi ziqondeka mntu, kuba sisiseko nokusebenza kwayo. Psyche ikuvumela ukuba ufumane ingcinga yokuba ngokomoya nangokwenyama, zangaphakathi nangaphandle, yintoni elibalisa bengqondo jikelele. Incwadi kwi ingqeqesho kwakhona inika ingcamango kwisifundo isayensi, iye yachazwa ngaphambili.

uhlobo lwento

Izinga le into ethathelwa ingqalelo yokuba inzululwazi inika isiseko ngokwahlula ibe iintlobo:

• Iinkqubo, oko kukuthi, abo izenzakalo ngenxa yokuba apho kukho iingcinga, iimvakalelo, njalo-njalo.
• State - uhlobo oluthile kwimbono behlabathi: ahlale evule amehlo, ukudandatheka njalo njalo.
• Properties - iimpawu ezithile yoluntu kumenza umntu ngokwalo ngokwasengqondweni (ukukhuthala, ukuzibophelela, njalo njalo).
• Neoplasms - ubuchule, izakhono nolwazi ukuba umntu uzuza ngenxa uqeqesho lwabo, amava kunye njalo njalo.

Nganye kwezi nkalo into ayikwazi kuqwalaselwa ngokwahlukileyo, ekubeni yonke imiba ezihambelanayo.

social psychology

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isebe ithandwa kakhulu nebalulekileyo psychology jikelele Social Psychology. Olu phando uhlola iimpawu ukuziphatha kwabantu kunye nemisebenzi ngamnye eluntwini. Imvelaphi inzululwazi babekwa kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19.

Le uqeqesho ngxubevange bengqondo kunye yokuhlalisana. Ngaphambi kokuba a ubukho eyahlukileyo, iminyaka emininzi, siye waqokelela data kwi umntu, ngezengqondo bakhe kunye noluntu. imithombo lokuqala ekulo bulumko, uLungiselelo Ezolimi, ezizwe njalo njalo. Hegel, Feuerbach kunye nezinye iingcali zenzululwazi amanani abaninzi abadumileyo ehlabathini of Social Psychology.