Project Innovative: umzekelo, uphuhliso, kunye nokuhlola iingozi. Iiprojekthi ezintsha esikolweni okanye kwishishini

projekthi Innovative yinkqubo entsonkothileyo lweentshukumo ejoliswe ekufezekiseni iinjongo ezithile kuphuhliso yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa. Bona abantsebenzo oqhagamshelwano phakathi iziganeko, nemihla kunye nezibonelelo. Inkqubo entsha ebizwa iiprojekthi oqhagamshelwano phakathi entsonkothileyo ezintsha kwakunye neeprojekthi ezinenjongo ukuxhasa imisebenzi ngale ndlela. Okwangoku, ngokuya iiprojekthi ezintsha ethandwa epriskuli, imizekelo apho bakhuthazwa zokudalwa iinkqubo ezintsha zemfundo.

Inqanaba ezibalulekileyo lwenzululwazi nobugcisa

Iiprojekthi ezintsha, kwakunye izisombululo zobugcisa neengcinga bayaqonda, babe manqanaba alandelayo ezibalulekileyo lobunzululwazi nobugcisa:

• maxesha (Base Technology a akayi batshintsha ngokukhawuleza);
• ezintsha (design product mtsha wahlukile kakhulu ukusuka yangaphambili);
• phambili (uyilo idaliwe ngokukokelayo izisombululo zobugcisa);
• kwinqanaba ubuvulindlela (kukho ubugcisa ezintsha kunye nezinto angekho ngaphambili).

Inqanaba ukubaluleka kwale projekthi ezintsha imisela xaka, isikali, ingakumbi phambili inkqubo kunye neziphumo maka. Oku kuya kuchaphazela umxholo ulawulo lweprojekthi.

Ukwahlukanisa iiprojekthi ezintsha

Oko kubizwa ngokuba iiprojekthi ezintsha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Indlela emi ngayo iinjongo:

• iphele;
• eliphakathi.

2. Xa ixesha ukuqonda:

• elifutshane;
• medium-term;
• ixesha elide.

3. iimfuno sihlangene projekthi. Bagxile ekudalweni esitsha, okanye ukwanelisa iimfuno.

4. Ngokutsho uhlobo ezintsha (okanye yenza i uphuculo imveliso entsha, ngokuhlanganisa kulwakhiwo yolawulo, njl njl).

5. Ngokutsho iqondo zigqibo zinokuba umlinganiswa onjalo:

• yobambiswano;
• lwengingqi;
• imboni;
• Federal International.

6. Ngokutsho isikali yemisebenzi:

• monoproekty - iiprojekthi yenziwa yinkampani ezimeleyo kwisakhelo kakhulu zemali kunye nexesha, yaye injongo eyodwa ezintsha;
• multiproject - iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ijoliswe ekufezekiseni iinjongo umngeni;
• mega-iiprojekthi - iinkqubo multi-injongo ezidibanisa inani multiproetov eziquka injongo enye slozhnodostizhimoy.

Kwiprojekthi nganye iya kwizigaba ezithile sophuhliso wayo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya esiphelweni. iseti yabo yakha umjikelo wobomi balo. It lungahlulwa-hlulwa ngokwezigaba, zabo - kwinyathelo, emva koko - ngokwamanqanaba. azifani, Bona ngokuxhomekeke lombutho kwenkqubo umsebenzi kunye nemisebenzi.

Uqulunqo kwiprojekthi

Xa ukwenza iiprojekthi ezintsha zibe phantsi uphuhliso, umiliselo kunye nokuzaliswa. Iyafuna ukunikela ingqalelo amanyathelo ezingundoqo:

• ukuyilwa iingcinga;
• amathuba uphando;
• ukulungiselela amaxwebhu nowokupheliswa kwesivumelwano;
• ukulungiselela amaxwebhu sobhaliso le projekthi;
• ukusebenza nokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo;
• iliso nezalathisi zoqoqosho.

Ngethuba lesigaba yophuhliso ahlawule ingqalelo kwimpumelelo kunye nokusebenza kweprojekthi. Kulo mzekelo, iinkcukacha ubukho bakhe kulo mzuzu ayibalulekanga kakhulu. Kubo ezintsha kubaluleke ngakumbi, ukhuphiswano, ukhuseleko kunye nokufumaneka lomenzi mvume. Ukongeza, iiprojekthi ezintsha kufuna utyalo-mali ezabelwe kuphuculo ishishini.

Ukuzalisekiswa kweeprojekthi ezintsha

imibutho ezininzi basebenzise imithombo zangaphakathi nangaphandle ze-mali ngexesha elinye. imithombo zangaphakathi iimali zabo, ethi izenze ukusuka ngokuthengiswa kweempahla okanye inshorensi Sumy, zokuthotywa lokuyimfihlo. zibandakanya imithombo zangaphandle mali waphakamisa kwaye ibolekwe mali, ngokunjalo mali iphuma kwibhajethi zengingqi okanye federal.

ubungozi

iiprojekthi Innovative na iinkqubo kunye ingozi eliphezulu mali. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kwabayili zabo ukuzenza bahlole izakhono zabo. Eyona ubenomtsalane iinkqubo zotyalo zijolise ekukhuthazeni ndigqibile ezintsha imveliso. Iiprojekthi ezinxulumene nokukhuthazwa kobugcisa ezintsha ezibonelela ubungozi ngakumbi, kuba ngakumbi nzima babo ukwakha ingqiqo neentengiso.

Iingxaki mali kuvela xa kunokwenzeka ukuba projekthi yophando isigaba kuhlolwa engagqitywanga. Xa ukuziphatha kwazo amathuba ophezulu kweziphumo elibi.

ngezigaba ubungozi

Imingcipheko yeprojekthi ezintsha akunakuqinisekiswa, leyo ixhomekeke izigqibo ezithathiweyo kwaye ukuphunyezwa yenziwa emva komzuzwana. Inxalenye izigqibo ishishini ukuvavanya imingcipheko. Ngenxa yokuhlelwa kwazo, uyacebiswa ukuba asebenzise umgaqo we-block, obonelela ulwabiwo iindidi lomngcipheko, amaqela, kunye nezinye iintlobo komngcipheko iiprojekthi ezintsha zinakho zihlelwe ngolu hlobo .:

• iimpawu nakwiingqikelelo: kwangaphambili nasisihlo.
• Bubukho indalo ngabom.
• Ngokutsho ixesha ubhaqo.
• Kwindawo amazwe.
• Xa indlela ubhaqo.
• Ngenxa yezizathu imbonakalo.
• Ngokutsho imbonakalo bahlaseli.
• Kuba ixesha isenzo.
• On amathuba inshorensi.
• Ngokutsho iindlela nowokunceda.
• Le amanqanaba enkqubo.
• Ngokutsho iimeko kwimveliso.
• Ngamaxabiso ezisisigxina.

Ukuvavanya ingozi zeprojekthi ezintsha kufuneka ugqibe iqondo zophando lwezenzululwazi, inkqubo ukuthobela isicwangciso kwimarike kunye nentengiso yenkampani. Classification, ukuphonononga ukufunda lwemingcipheko ezifunekayo ukuzilawula.

Ukuhlola ukusebenza iprojekthi ezintsha

Ukusebenza kolu hlobo lweprojekthi ngokwe-nxaxheba bayo uyakwazi ukubona iparameters ezifanelekileyo inxaxheba yabo. Kufuneka uqwalasele uvavanyo yayo phezu inxalenye yiyunivesithi ezintsha, leyo inoxanduva lokuphunyezwa kwale projekthi, ngokunjalo nokutsala nxaxheba angaphandle kunye nenkxaso eyongezelelweyo. Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwiprojekthi isekelwe phezu kwale mithetho-siseko ilandelayo:

• isicelo amaxabiso iinkonzo, izibonelelo, impahla, ezinikezelwa yi projekthi okanye ibekwe kwi emarikeni;
• Intsalela yemali kufuneka kubalwa imali efanayo, ezinikezelwa yile nkqubo ukuze bahlawulele iimveliso kunye nezibonelelo ukuba bathenge, emva koko baya kuba kumlinganiselo yangoku iguqulelwe engange Russian;
• Ukubala kufuneka athathele ingeniso ingqalelo kwimisebenzi ngezimali kunye izimali, ngokunjalo ukusebenzisa inkqubo ngemali le projekthi;
• kufuneka athathe ingqalelo iminikelo mali zokuxabangela ingeniso ezuzwe kubo.

Xa inkqubo yokubala ukusebenza yokuzibandakanya yenkampani, kufuneka athathe ingqalelo nemali, kungakhathaliseki nokuba ngowakho okanye ibolekwe. Iintlawulo kwi-mboleko ziya kuthunyelwa ephumayo, kunye yemalimboleko - nemingenela.

Umzekelo kwiprojekthi esekelwe ukusebenza umngcipheko

Kufuneka ingqalelo uphuhliso kwiprojekthi azasekelezwa kuvavanyo ngempumelelo yayo. Ngokomzekelo singathatha umzekelo project of "EkoZdrav". Le nkampani uzalisekisa imisebenzi yayo kwisixeko Krasnoyarsk. Le projekthi ijolise kwimveliso kunye neentengiso non-reagent kunye bezkartridzhnyh nofakelo, eyenzelwe ukuba unyango amanzi okusela kunye nenkunkuma. Okwangoku abanayo analogue.

Uphando lokuqala market wabonisa ukuba ezi zityalo kufuneka mkhulu ngokwaneleyo. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi, oko kuthetha ukuya 25 000 iziqwenga, nto leyo isishumi sawo onke amandla abathengi. Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo, inkampani izicwangciso uqalise ufakelo amawaka 10. Units ngonyaka ngamnye, bekuya kuba kusengqiqweni.

Kuphonononga ukusebenza eziyimfuneko ukufumana ixabiso net langoku (NPV) usebenzisa izinga lokukhula kwamaxabiso kunye sum of u avareji yeendleko elilinganiswe ngokomyinge eyinkunzi (WACC). Le fomyula ilandelayo iyasebenza:

WACC = (E / K) * y + (D / K) * b * (-t 1),

apho E - eyinkunzi equity, D - mali ityala lwenkunzi, K na isixa eyinkunzi imali, y - buyela Esilindelekileyo kubulungisa, b - inzuzo eliqikelelwayo kwikomkhulu extra, t - izinga yerhafu kwingeniso.

nani liya kuba inkampani:

WACC = (188/2000) * 0,72 + (1812/2000) * 0,28 * (1-0.2) = 0,270624

Ukuba uthatha izinga emali ka-7%, eyasekwa ngexesha yophuhliso projekthi, uyakwazi ukufumana isaphulelo into ukuya 0,340624.

Phantsi isicwangciso, umthamo ngeniso iya kuthetha ukuya 448060 engange. kunyaka wokuqala, 3229925 engange. - kule yesibini, yaye 3919425 engange. - wesithathu. Kufuneka ibalwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo izikhombisi, ngokusekelwe eziza kuvavanywa ukusebenza yeprojekthi ezintsha.

Net ixabiso elikhoyo kubalwa kule minyaka mithathu izayo (NPV):

NPV1 = 448060 / 1.340624- 2000000 = - 1665782,5

NPV2 = 448060 / 1,340624 + 3229925 / (1,340624) ^ 2 - = 2000000 131343,21

indeksi inzuzo mali (PI):

PI = (448060 / 1,340624 + 3229925 / 〖(1.340624)〗 ^ 2) / 2000000 = 2131343,21 / 2000000 = 1,0656

izinga lwangaphakathi lokubuya (IRR):

IRR = r_1 + NPV (r_1) / (NPV (r_1) - NPV (r_2)) (r_2-r_1)

Iindleko ezinkulu kuthathwa-R1-20%.

Emva koko IRR = 0,3 + 255859,8 / (255859,8- 131343,21) (0.340624-0.3) = 0,383475

Oku kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba izinga ebalwa wokubuya lidlula indleko yekhapitali. Ngoko ke, ukumiselwa kwale projekthi ezintsha kunokwenzeka.

Iiprojekthi ezintsha kwishishini

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iiprojekthi ezintsha zoshishino koyisa ngempumelelo kwimarike yehlabathi. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-esetyenziswayo akukho lula ukumkholisa. Ukuba inkampani uza kuphinda ziintshaba zayo, oko ekugqibeleni uphelelwa kwayo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, naliphi na ishishini kufuneka ezintsha. Best zonke, ukuba iiprojekthi ngokwenene ezintsha, kunokuba ukuphucula ubugcisa ubudala, iimveliso okanye iinkonzo.

Uluntu lwehlabathi ngenkuthalo eguqulwe yi uphuhliso kwisigaba lwenzululwazi nobugcisa. Ukusuka lo mbono, ishishini kufuna ingqalelo. Ukongeza, izinto ezintsha kufuneka ingqalelo luluntu. Ukuba aziyi kwamkelwa ziphuhliswe kwiprojekthi, umzekelo ethe yaboniswa abathengi, akuyi kuya naziphi na iingenelo.

Ukusetyenziswa ezintsha kushishino

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezintsha kwezoshishino zifuna, iindleko zemali kunye zabasebenzi ezinkulu ngokwasengqondweni. Ukongeza, imfuneko utyalo nje kuphela kodwa kwakhona kule nkampani. Ezintsha neshishini kuba yobugcisa neyolawulo, yolawulo, ezoqoqosho kunye lombutho.

Phakathi kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu ezintsha okulolu hlobo kubizwa ngokuba computerization. Zinceda ukwenza bath isiseko, ukuba enze ukwenziwa kweentlawulo nge-Internet, ukusetyenziswa lweenkqubo zekhompyutha ukusebenza uze ukuthumela imeyili. Ukongeza, usomashishini osakhasayo uya kukwazi ukwenza website yorhwebo okanye ivenkile online.

Ngoko ke, olu hlobo lwe projekthi kwishishini kuvumela ukuphucula inkqubo yophuhliso, iinkonzo, intengiso, njalo-njalo. Ukongeza, le nkqubo lula kakhulu kunye nexesha ngaphantsi nelityayo ixesha. Oku kuthetha ukuba ishishini kuya kuba nenzuzo enkulu.

Iiprojekthi ezintsha esikolweni

Abazali badla kuphakamisa umbuzo apho ukuthumela abantwana babo kwisikolo rhoqo, isikolo semfundo ephakamileyo nesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Inkoliso yabo azimisele ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ingcamango "yesikolo ezintsha" kuba kunqabile eziqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle koku, onke amaziko emfundo namhlanje kubizwa ngokuba ezinjalo. Oku kungenxa yokuba uninzi ikharityhulam yenzelwe kanye ezintsha.

Akukho mfuneko yokuba anike umntwana kwisikolo ezintsha, emva kokuba onke, kwi ziko yemveli laphumeza iprojekthi ezintsha zemfundo. Sekunjalo, baya kugxininisa ukuyilwa abantwana ukukwazi self-ukufunda.

Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe ezintsha kwigumbi lokufundela ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe ngamnye inkqubo yokufunda ukuze umntwana ngamnye, nto leyo iba nefuthe entle izakhono zalo. Ukongeza, abantwana baya kuba nenzondelelo ngakumbi ekufundeni, ukuze nabo babe nomdla. Yintoni kwiprojekthi esikolweni? Umzekelo - sebenzisa kukwenziwa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoncedo lwabo, unokuba nempembelelo entle yokufumaneka kunye nokwenziwa ulwazi.

project Innovative: umzekelo

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na iprojekthi ezintsha ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka siqwalasele umzekelo ethile. Le nkampani Electrolux Design Lab eyayibanjwe ngo-2013 kukhuphiswano umfundi China. Yena iziqu Institute of oopopayi Qing Ji thaca msebenzi wakhe, nto leyo ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni ubuthongo yabantu. Waba athethe yeselula ngokohlobo mass eluhlaza. Oku uyakwazi ukunika nje kuphela abanye ilungileyo, kodwa ukhuselo yibhaktheriya yingozi. Kulo mzekelo, iprojekti ezintsha, umzekelo oboniswe, wayila inika iteknoloji entsha ngokupheleleyo abachubekileyo.

Ukubunjwa iquka iiseli zekhala ababetheki kakhulu, nto leyo icarbon dioxide kunye ukukhululwa oksijini. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abantu lala kuwo, musa abanengxaki ukuphefumla. Iiseli zekhala bayakwazi ukuphelisa naziphi na iintsholongwane eziyingozi macala. Le projekthi ezintsha, umzekelo apho eyayichaziwe, yaba yimpumelelo, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukwenza into entsha, kunokwenzeka ukuba nokulungiselela inkqubo ayikho njengokuba nzima. Isenokuba iteknoloji ezikhoyo uhlaziyo.