Peggy Guggenheim: engobomi, iifoto, imisebenzi

UMargaret Guggenheim, eyaziwa umxhasi ehlabathini ubugcisa, umnini igalari, umqokeleli ubugcisa van'wankumi, wazalwa eNew York ngo-Agasti 26, 1898. Wehla embalini phantsi igama Peggy Guggenheim. nomnikelo wakhe kuphuhliso lobugcisa wesimanje ecikizekileyo kubalulekile ngokwenene. Peggy ndingoyena mncinane kubantwana abathathu bakaBhenjamin Guggenheim - usomashishini enkulu American ngowembewu yamaYuda, ngubani wafa enqanaweni "Titanic" ngo-Apreli 1912.

Biography. kwiminyaka yokuqala

Iimpapasho ngobomi Peggy iintatheli zidla bhala yokuba amantombazana ubuntwana wayengenguye uvuyo. Wakhulela enesithukuthezi nedolyublennosti ngenxa yokuba abazali bakhe waphila ubomi bakhe: unina ayesaziwa ukuba socialite, yaye kunqabile wathetha nomyeni wakhe nabantwana, noyise lonke ixesha babexakekile abarhola elinye million. Ukongeza, wachitha ixesha elininzi lakhe eYurophu, kude nentsapho. Noko ke, iinkumbulo Peggy nomzali ezinye ... Kudliwano-ndlebe, wathi yena wayemthanda abazali bakhe ukuba umntwana yena wasinda iinkumbulo kakhulu mnandi. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-13 ubudala, kukho ilishwa: utata wekhaya, kunye nonobhala wakhe phezu "Titanic" ilimele. Ngokutsho legend usapho, uMnu uBhenjamin wancama isihlalo sayo bangene kwiphenyane okulo wahlala phezu enqanaweni, kwada kwaba kwabokugqibela yesibini ukunceda abafazi kunye nabantwana. Ukususela loo mini utata ukuba uPeggy hero oyinyaniso, yaye memory zaziswe kuye yena igcinwe kude kube sekupheleni imihla yakhe.

Indlela kubuGcisa

Ku va ilishwa usapho watshintsha ngesiquphe ubomi yabafazi. Waba indlalifa ezizigidi isimo kayise. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwenzela ukuba bazibandakanye lilunge nawe ilifa, kwafuneka alinde de yobudala emntaneni. Ngaphambi koko, waba ebino kayisekazi Solomon Guggenheim - nosisityebi, usomashishini owaziwayo, a Connoisseur enkulu abakhusela ubugcisa. Nangona ukuqhama ezinganelisiyo uyisekazi, wayeziva ngathi ubudlelwane ihlwempu endlwini yakhe yaye abazange babe uthando kunye nokulungiselela kwimizi yendlu yakowazo kakhulu. Kuba ngoxa yena wayesebenza kuloo kwivenkile, leyo oluboniswe umsebenzi ababhali avant-garde, apha wadibana kunye neengqondo ngcembe ngexesha lakhe.

Paris, Paris!

Emva kokuba Peggy Guggenheim uye waba ngumntu omdala yaye ilifa uyise baseleyo kwimo 2500000 zeerandi, ivela eNew York waya kwikomkhulu ubugcisa - Paris. Apha eli bhinqa liselula ungena kwentshinyela "kwalahlwa." Paris 20 yaba liziko inkqubela abanamakhono amagcisa: ababhali, iimvumi kunye namagcisa. Phambi kokuba heiress, Kakade ke, wazivula iingcango zonke boudoirs wempangelo, apho esiya Beau noMonde. Yonke imihla, ukwandisa kwesangqa abahlobo bakhe kunye nezihlobo: Natalie Barney, Mey Rey, Dzhuna Izisele, Romeyn Bruks - kwaye oku uluhlu engaphelelanga zabantu abadumileyo abetshiseka engqongwe kunye naye. Ubomi nomalume wakhe - ngumthandi omkhulu ubugcisa ocoliweyo - negalelo kuphuhliso emlonyeni wakhe, yaza yahluzwa. Peggy Guggenheim liya kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo, wadibana kunye namagcisa surrealist, likhusela kubo, ukwenza ekuveliseni iifilim, ikhanyisa ekudaleni gallery zalo yoku uqalisa kuthenga womzobo.

Yenza ingqokelela

Ugqiba ukuba uyise ebashiya ikomkhulu kwi womzobo. Kwaye ngokwenza njalo, kusiza Marsel Dyushan - artist odumileyo American, enye ingcali yale zobugcisa. Ngokuvisisana icebiso lakhe, yena ibandakanyeka umsebenzi yokufumana asibonakali kunye namagcisa asakhulayo. Kungekudala kuyacaca ukuba ufumene italente ezinqabileyo - intuition, nto leyo inceda naye lunyulo imisebenzi ithemba. Ngenxa yoko, Peggi Guggenhaym Collection uqalisa ukuba zazaliswa imizobo ngu Amagcisa kwixesha elizayo azigcinele ingqalelo. Nazi ezinye zazo :. Kandinsky, Dali, uPicasso, Tanguy, Cocteau, Pollock, njl Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezafunyanwa ingoma imisebenzi baqale avuke ixabiso, phinda imo Peggy Guggenheim. Kwelinye icala, amanye amagcisa kufuneka ukuqondwa abo kwihlabathi yobugcisa balapho isityebi waseMelika ngenzondelelo kukhuthaza ubuchule babo. Ukuba phantsi begxeka lakhe, baphila ubomi ikhululekile, ukuchitha kakuhle imali yakhe, yaye uzame zonke indlela ukumkholisa kuye. Endaweni yena ihlela Imiboniso zabo, ukuba abathengi onesidima ngubani Abaxhobele kuthenga womzobo.

zivaliweyo, neegalari ezo

Ngowe-1938, esekelwe P. Guggenheim Guggenheim Jeune mboniso yokuqala London ngomhla Cork Street baba imizobo yi Zhana Kokto waza waba nempumelelo enkulu. Emva ke kwesesibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, Peggy wathenga up uninzi umsebenzi surrealist kunye artist abstract, wavatha ukuqokelelwa kwazo umxhelo. Apha, apha gallery eLondon, yena oluboniswe umsebenzi abaselula igcisa Polish Kandinsky, uze emva koko Yves Tanguy. Kule 40 okuqala, Peggy osacinga ekudaleni neegalari kwikomkhulu isiFrentshi, kwaye wazikrazula kule ndawo. Noko ke, ayehlasela umkhosi zwilakhe kuthintele ukuphunyezwa ekukhawulweni kwayo, yena kuyanyanzeleka ukuba ushiye eParis aye kuqala kumazantsi eFransi, yaye ukusuka apho - kwikhaya lakhe eNew York. Apha, avula Gallery Art of Lo Century, leyo kungekudala waba ngomnye ezithengiswa kakhulu nendlela kwaye ezingakhutshelwanga ezikolu elikomkhulu US of zobugcisa.

museum

Kude kube 1946 yena ubaleka phakathi eYurophu naseMelika bekhangela lwemizobo ufanelwe yoqokelelo yakhe, nto leyo lukhula usuku nosuku lomelezwe yobuciko yinzwakazi. kumgomo - ukwenza yabo Peggy Guggenheim. Iminyaka emithathu elandelayo yena, kunye yokuqokelela yakhe inxaxheba kwimiboniso ezahlukeneyo apha e-United kunye eYurophu. Ekuqaleni 50 yee-elifike ngalo kweso Biennial e Venice. Kakade ke, waziqonda ukuba ngaphambili, kodwa ngoku ibona ukuba lixesha lokuba kuphunyezwe iphupha-elide emi - ukumisela imyuziyam ukuba baya kulima kuphela kuye, yayingeyiyo Peggy Guggenheim! YaseVenice, ngokokubona kwakhe, eyona ndawo ilungileyo kuba. Yena uthenga ibhotwe njengekhephu-ezimhlophe ezintle ekunene kwi usebe lomsele, apha ethwele ukuqokelelwa yakhe kwimifanekiso kunye nezinye rarities, lihombise yonke ngokuthanda kwakho. Apha, igqiba kwelokuba sizakhele kuchitha khona ubomi bakhe bonke.

Njengoko kuchaziwe owayephila Peggy (uMargaret) Guggenheim

Young, ome; nobugocigoci kunye clever, ngenjongo amandla akhe, elungile, kodwa mhle. Oyena usembindini ubungakanani encomekayo yabonakala ubuso bakhe impumlo - isici usapho, nto leyo kakhulu kwaye lonakaliswe kakhulu. Noko ke, ngandlela wagqiba ukuba acele uncedo incakuba, kodwa ngomzuzu wokugqibela, sele phezu kwetafile yokusebenza, bashiya ingcamango. abahlobo bakhe bakholelwa ukuba, baphulukene impumlo, bekuya baye balahlekelwa nangokuvulelekileyo layo usapho - ukukwazi ukuva ivumba imali, ndibandise baze bachithe ngobulumko.

impilo Personal

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i ngusozigidi heiress American Peggy Guggenheim, ogama ngobomi yapapashwa kwincwadi Out kule nkulungwane: bavume i wayelikhoboka lobugcisa, kumsobomvu ubudala bakhe yayijongwa umtshakazi umona. Waye ezininzi abalandeli kwiintsapho zizityebi, kodwa ukhetho wakhe Lawrence Weil - poluamerikantsa-polufrantsuza, polupisatelya-poluhudozhnika. Xa waya okokuqala Peggy koyisa Paris. Kamva wabhala ukuba lo mtshato kwaba impazamo kwakhe okubuhlungu. Okanye intsapho yakhe wayecinga ukuba akwazi nokuba thetheki indlela umntu kuphila kwi $ 100 ngenyanga. Noko ke, xa heiress Ekuqaleni nje gqitha umyeni wakhe, aziyo Beau Monde yakhe isiFrentshi, yaye zonke izinto zonke eyinkunzi kunye namadlelo ayo. Umtshato ubukho kangangeminyaka esixhenxe wamnika nabantwana bakhe ababini - sinbad kunye Peggin. Weil rhoqo umqhathile umfazi wakhe phezu akwale imali yakhe. Noko ke, waqonda ukuba urhulumente wabo asisiso kuye, yamngena, yaza yamthiya Peggy, intsapho yakhe, imali yakhe. Uhlale ezityikitywe ndawo zinqoze loluntu kunye izitya besaphula elikhulu, ulahle evela iifestile kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi izihlangu kunye neebhegi. Peggy wayesazi ukuba ixesha elide ayikwazi ukuqhubeka. Emva koko baqesha igqwetha aze umtshato ngokukhawuleza, kodwa zange ndirhoxe kuye abahlobo, yaye waqhubeka ukuhlawula amatyala akhe. Weil kwaba uthando lokuqala ezimandundu Peggy Guggenheim. kuye Photo wayesele kudala igcinwe ebhegini yakhe. Ngaphezu koko, waqonda ukuba uqhagamshelwano nge Weyl wavula iingcango ukuba ihlabathi Beau noMonde izindawo.

Men P. Guggenheim

Ixesha yesibini watshata umbhali Dzhonni Holmsa. Waye esihamba omkhulu, kodwa wayengazi ukuba ukwenza njani imali. Kodwa ke ngomdla omkhulu ukuchitha umfazi wakhe izityebi nolungileyo kancinane. Kuba Marcel Dyushanom Peggi hayi nditshatile, kodwa nazo ke enxulumene ubudlelwane uthando, koko, ngaba ucinga isikhokelo yayo ehlabathini zobugcisa, umthantamisi wakhe ebomini kunye umcebisi ilungileyo. Ngaba opeyintayo Iv Tangi lover Peggy kaThixo nzima ukuze nithi, kodwa ngenxa kuwo, yafumana udumo. Kwakukho Semyuel Bekket - Umbhali kaNobel elizayo, Gerbert Susani - ndingumthetheli IMbasa Garter. Kuba Maksa Ernsta Margaret Guggenheim watshata okwesihlandlo sesithathu. Yaba opeyintayo enkulu ngexesha lakhe, kwakunye othanda kakhulu kwaye ngudlalani. Peggy walithatha kunye nabo esaphethe eParis eNew York. Kungekudala lemifanekiso ayivathise ingqokelela lomfazi wakhe osemthethweni. Peggy wabiza umgcini isithunywa avant-garde kunye surrealist. Njengoko ubona, onke amadoda amakhulu galeristki yayingabantu abanetalente ezinxulumana ngayo ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano eyinzuzo: Bona ezitsalwa ubutyebi Peggy kunye naye - ubuchule babo.

Le film "Peggy Guggenheim: imini ngaphandle yobuciko"

Ukususela ngo-1948, umnini gallery edumileyo lahlala phezu kunxweme eAdriya, e Venice yinzwakazi. Nangona yokuba elivisayo Peggy waziva ngathi ubudlelwane ihlwempu entsatsheni, kamva yaba ummeli edume kakhulu usapho Guggenheim. E Venice, wayehlala endlwini yakhe, ebambe enesihlwele esinzima, pondola zabanjwa kwaye imihla uhamba ngamajelo kwi enesihlwele esinzima, ambethe umbala aluhlaza. Loo khumbula phakathi komzi enhle. Yena walunguza nobugocigoci kakhulu, imifanekiso bayo basoloko zizakubalulwa ngokuphuma. Yena wayethanda ukunxiba iilokhwe kunye izincedisi kwisimbo Afrika: a lot eliboya buqhamileyo, ngesigqubuthelo sentloko enkulu, namaso omkhulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo wayengomnye abafazi ebalaseleyo ixesha lakhe, yaye ngo-2015 umlawuli zinetalente
Lisa Immordino Vreeland yathathwa films inkalo Peggy Guggenheim. Lo mboniso ubalisa ngobomi bakhe, malunga intuition lakhe, nto leyo ebangele ukuba kokusekwa kwayo, yaye ke, malunga indoda yakhe, wathi 'waqokelela' ngendlela efanayo njengoko emfanekisweni.