"Peer Gynt" Genrika Ibsena: isishwankathelo. "Peer Gynt": abalinganiswa, isakhiwo sebali, umxholo

Abantu bathi ukuba ikamva ayikwazi ukuqhathwa, wonke umntu uya kubona oko kwakuthetha ntoni. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuba amngcatshe ngokwakhe, ukuba nikholwe eluthandweni. Kwizifundo ezifana ingqwalasela umbhali odumileyo Norwegian kunye mbongi UHenrik Ibsen emsebenzini wakhe "Peer Gynt". It wadalwa ngexesha ezimanyene zothando olusengqiqweni. Umbhali babesoyika ukuba umbongo othi "Ukuxhobela Gynt" akayi ziqondwe ngaphandle kwe eNorway, njengoko esisityebi kunene iimpawu kunye awohluke ezendeleyo kweli lizwe. Kodwa ke imveliso iye yafumana udumo ngamazwe, waba ngeelwimi ezininzi zaseYurophu. Kamva umqambi Edvard Grieg yabhalwa umculo okukhulu, enika imveliso ngakumbi zithandwa ngakumbi. Ibsen drama kwenziwa imovie izihlandlo eziliqela, abalawuli abaninzi baqhuba ngendlela yayo eqongeni.

A bit malunga nombhali

Athandwa kudlala umbhali Norwegian odumileyo UHenrik Ibsen kumazwe aseYurophu likhule kutshanje. Ukuba sithethe malunga iinkosi zoncwadi mihla, igama lakhe inokubekwa ecaleni iitalente ezifana Zola kunye Tolstoy. Ibsen udumo emhlabeni ezinxulumene washumayela kubo imisebenzi yakhe izimvo. umsebenzi wakhe - sicelo ababefumene weqonga Western olusengqiqweni eye yaba negalelo elikhulu kwihlabathi zobugcisa.

Ibsen wenza umbukeli ukuba akhe intsebenziswano umbhali ucinga kunye nabalinganiswa. Umbhali ubalulekileyo AMD ingqalelo ubukho izimvo yombhali. Wabeka abantu ukungqubana kwemihla, ungquzulwano ngemihla, eshiya umfundi lokugqibela liphupha. Amaninzi, ekuchubekeni zazibonisa abameli intsapho Norwegian abazizityebi, ezibe iingxaki ezibalulekileyo emali. Ukongeza, ngamnye ibali bakhe ingqalelo ngokwembono yabantu, ukuze abafundi bakwazi podiskussirovat.

Abalinganiswa abaphambili of Ibsen - labantu abakuqondayo ityala lakho, abahlalutyi abakhetha uhlobo yabo yokuziphatha, funani inyaniso nangayiphi indlela. Ngenxa yale Ibsen UHenrik waba uphawu zobugcisa esengqiqweni. umsebenzi wakhe sijoliswe ukuvuselela inkululeko ngaphakathi womntu. Ngaphambili imidlalo bakhe "Umzabalazo ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi," "comedy of Love," "Warriors e Hengelande". Mhle abafundi kumbongo wakhe "Xa Heights," umdlalo "Brand." eneneni ngezihloko Hot kuxoxwa ngumbhali kulo mdlalo "Ghosts", "Lady eLwandle", "Le Dada Wild", "Indlu unodoli kaThixo" kunye nabanye. lokugqibela, umsebenzi sehlo gaze of Ibsen, lo mdlalo "Xa We Abafileyo sivuke". Kwimbonakalo echatshazelwa kakhulu ngokuthi umbhali Iaya kubo trauma ebuntwaneni. Wayekade wabhukuqwa nguyise abazizityebi yiya elikwisikhundla kakhulu lwezentlalo fayile ukufumana iqhekeza lesonka.

Imbali umdlalo "Peer Gynt"

Njengoko sele kwaziwa, waza wafumana yokufunda ezoncwadi, Henrik Ibsen wafudukela nentsapho yakhe Italy. Apho wachitha iminyaka emibini basebenza ngenkuthalo yobuciko ezimbini - idlala "Brand" yaye "Peer Gynt". Abahlalutyi abaninzi theatre kubona ezi ngeyethu isakhiwo, kuba beneengcinga ezifanayo - self-determination kunye nokusekwa kwe ngokuzazisa komntu.

Unyaka wonke (we-1867), ekuchubekeni wayesebenza kuyo umdlalo. abahlobo bakhe, wabhala ukuba waphupha ukukhulula yona ngeKrismesi. Igama umbongo othi "Ukuxhobela Gynt" ligama elinye ophambili kulo msebenzi. A lot of luncedo umdlalo eziphathekayo Ibsen wathabatha ubuchule ukufunda Asbersona. Ukususela namabali zakhe umbhali waboleka igama Peer Gynt.

Ukudala ubuntu bakhe, ekuchubekeni wagqiba ekubeni sokubhenela intsomi Norwegian. Kunye lobuciko, bevuthela iingxaki ngokukhawulezileyo kunye nokubaluleka abahlukene kwezentlalo. Umbhali uzama ukubonisa kumzobo satirical yoluntu ukumela izangqa zinkuni eNorway. abafundi abaninzi bakwazi ukubona amaqhawe walo mbongo caricatures ababusi.

Ekuqaleni, lo mdlalo ibe izenzo ezintlanu kwaye abazange nenxaxheba kulo mfanekiso. Intshukumo bafudukela ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Le iphambili umdlalo eqongeni, eli xesha kunye umculo esibhaliweyo kuba yi Grieg, yabanjwa ngo-1876. Kwixesha lokuqala bekukho 36 iziphakamiso.

Eyona engundoqo abasebenzi mbongo

Genrika Ibsena umbongo izele ezahlukeneyo weempawu ezahlukeneyo. Nazi abalinganiswa abaphambili kunye aphakamileyo "Gynt Peer":

• Umlimi ongumhlolokazi Oz (unina Pera yakhe);
• Peer Gynt - ophambili;
• mkhandi Aslak;
• emsithweni Elder, iindwendwe zakhe kunye neemvumi;
• usapho abafudukayo;
• Ntombi abafudukayo - ukumfundela solveig (lover yesibini Pera);
• UMnu kwefama on - Hegstad;
• intombi yakhe Ingrid;
• ubeyalusa;
• umyalezo Dovrsky;
• trolls ezinkulu nezincinane, nabantwana babo;
• ezinyangeni;
• pack of dwarves, oothikoloshe, kobolds;
• indalo elibi (Kuthiwa, unyana ka-Pera);
• ekhala kweentaka;
• abahambi Inkampani;
• sela;
• intombi Anitra esenjalo isikhulu kaThixo;
• iqela abadanisi, amakhoboka, Arab;
• INtloko upheno e Cairo;
• UMphathiswa Hussein;
• Izigulane kunye upheno wabasiki, kunye nabanye.

Isishwankathelo i "Peer Gynt"

Apho nje kuphela i drama action! Okokuqala, oko iintaba Norwegian, ngoko emqolombeni Dovrskogo umdala. Emva koko, umlinganiswa ophambili ufumana kwesanti yaseYiputa. Indawo elandelayo yokuhlala bakhe - a ਨਿਯਮ umthetho. Ekugqibeleni kokuba yinqanawa kwaye kukhethwa ulwandle olulwayo lwadamba.

Isishwankathelo i "Peer Gynt" esazisa ukuba ezisemaphandleni Norwegian. Ophambili Pere - lo mfo ukusuka kulendawo. Uyise, uJohann Gynt, indoda kanye wayehlonelwa jikelele, kodwa kamva wathabatha ukusela waphelelwa yonke impahla yakhe. ngokwenene Peru ufuna ukubuyela yonke into eye yachitha uyise. Ulutsha badla neminqweno, ukubonisa, ukucinga ngokwakhe njengoko a hero onesibindi.

Mother Per Oz uthanda unyana wakhe kwaye unexhala ukuba lithandwa kakhulu kunye namantombazana. Inikela mfana athathe intombi ngumlimi yomfazi, Ingrid. Kodwa owayo uthandana intombi umlimi-lwamahlelo - solveig. Wedding usathabatha indawo, kodwa kungekudala wanika Per Ingrid, njengoko wayeyithanda engaqhelekanga solveig. Lo mfana kwafuneka ukuba ukuzimela.

Okulandelayo ibali "Gynt Peer" ikhutshelwa ehlathini. Endleleni uTshawe edibana nebhinqa i-Green ingubo, uyise ogama Dovrskim ukumkani. Peru wayefuna ukutshata aze abe Prince. Dovrsky amakhwenkwe umdala olubeka imeko akunakwenzeka - abe badla. Abemi yehlathi ngokubetha mfo, kodwa eze Aase uncedo kunye solveig, ngubani na kakhulu wayethanda ngaye.

Ibiya kuthetha ukuba yonke into ihamba ukuba ulonwabo, kodwa ngequbuliso intombi enkulu Dovrskogo Peru kuzisa gongqongqo kancinane kwaye ithi ukuba unyana wakhe, lowo ukulungele ukuba ukubulala uyise ngezembe. Kufuneka Pera ulilahle solveig. Ubambisa ngokubaleka. Ngaphambi kokuba bahambe, uyakwazi ukuya kubona umama wakhe ogulayo.

Ngoko kwathatha iminyaka engama-50. Peer Gynt waba yindoda enempumelelo, neengalo kumthengisi. Xa ungena ibandla iinkawu, onako ukuziqhelanisa kakhulu. Ke isiphelo ufumana oko kwiSahara entlango, wadibana ne-Arabhu.

Emva koko, abafundi isishwankathelo "Peer Gynt" transfers eYiputa, apho inomfanekiso iqhawe ngokwakhe mbali kunye zakudala. Ukuba grey ngokupheleleyo, ugqiba ukuba babuyele kumakhaya abo. Emva ilenze ezininzi amathuba emnyango uvuyo lwakhe ahlangana solveig emdala. Wandinceda yonke le minyaka elinde intanda yakhe oko akubona kuye ngokwakhe. Esi sisishwankathelo "Peer Gynt" - umdlalo apho umlinganiswa - imboni, umntu angakwazi amanyathelo, kungekhona ubomi endaweni yabo.

The main iingxaki kwaye imixholo umdlalo

Abahlalutyi abaninzi zoncwadi bakholelwa ukuba umfanekiso Peer Gynt, umbhali wabonisa umlinganiswa wendlela kwinkulungwane XIX. Per - trimmer engenangqondo, abantu ukungathembeki. Eyona ngxaki inkulu nga ngokuba ababephila impersonality Ibsen ukuba ezendeleyo kuluntu yongxowankulu. Abantu abatsha abaninzi ngelo xesha akazange abe kakhulu bar ngokuzithandela. Ibsen iphakamisa ngokucacileyo kakhulu umba ubukho phakathi hina. Per rose unina iintsomi, yaye ngenxa yoko uye waba nani kwesigele enjalo. Dreams leyinene ngokungenelela engqondweni yakhe. Komxholo othi "Ukuxhobela Gynt" ezifanele namhlanje.

Ixabiso image Peer Gynt

Umlinganiswa oyintloko yinto edumileyo umbhali umbongo - isimntwiso ideology abantu Norwegian ngayo. Sele ekhankanywe ukuba kwase le zembali. Ibsen zigutyungelwe legends zalo fiction, wamnika iimpawu ezithile ummeli mihla ilizwe lakhe. Ekuqaleni Per khetha abalinganiswa ngqindilili kunye umtsalane abangenazo usukelo, kwakunye nabanye abalinganiswa ezininzi aseScandanavia. Lo mfana nangoku, apho ukuya, uhamba lula endleleni engaziwayo. main ukoyika yakhe ukuze akwazi ukuya kwezi meko anzima umva. Per ukhetha okusingqongileyo - oko enxibelelana trolls, bamakhoboka, iinkawu ... Into ephambili ukuba ingathityazwa.

Bonke-owoyisayo amandla uthando

Peer Gynt elingayizalisanga walo yabantu; ke wangcwatyelwa italente yakhe ibe yimbongi, nkqu isono akazange ngokwenene ukwazi ngayo. indalo yakhe ugly freak-badla. UTshawe ubona indlela uthando lwakhe solveig, oko lalinengxaki watyiwa sisazela. Yintoni ofuna ukuphumeza Gynt? Wayefuna ukuba angene ubuchule kunye nobomi ... solveig ubomi yonke elinde intanda yakhe. Ekupheleni mbongo uTshawe zize isohlwayo ngenxa yobomi bakhe eya kunyeliswa ngenxa yokuba indalo yakhe iphambili luthando.

Ukuveliswa yalomdlalo eqongeni

Qho ngonyaka ihlobo Norway (of Vinstra) umthendeleko, nto leyo lunikezelwa mbongo. Yinto isenzo nje eningenakukholwa emoyeni evulekileyo, eliveza ngokuchanileyo ukunonga imfihlelo kunye namabali abantu Norwegian.

Ngowe-1993, ngumdlali Russian Antonina Kuznetsova wenza indoda enye show "Peer Gynt". Ngo-2011, Anton Shahin wadlala indima enkulu kulo mdlalo "Peer Gynt", nto leyo wawusalathiswa ngu Mark Zakharov. ERashiya, ngezenzo kwegama elifanayo nangoku ibekwe eSt Petersburg naseNovosibirsk.

Umculo umbongo

Umqambi odumileyo Edvard Grieg, owayephila ngexesha Ibsen, wabhala umculo omnandi umdlalo "Peer Gynt". Sele umqambi ngenkulungwane XX Werner EGK wakhulula opera. Ngowe-1986, i-ballet leyo kudlalwa kwizenzo ezintathu kunye UYobi Alfreda Shnitke.

A screen lithathelwe mbongo

Ukuqala kunye nomsebenzi 1915 amaxesha Ibsen 12 yathathwa. Oku kwenziwa eUnited States, eJamani, iBritani, France, iHungary, Norway. Ngowe-2006, umlawuli Uwe Janson likhuphe inguqulelo entsha ye-bhanya "Peer Gynt".

Ixabiso imveliso kwi inkcubeko yehlabathi

uthando kuphela yenza umntu uphela aze anike intsingiselo ebomini bakhe - le ngcingane ngokuqinileyo Ibsen kwenzeka inkcubeko yehlabathi. Isixeko Norwegian Oslo waseka Umfanekiso Park Peer Gynt. artist owaziwayo UNikolai Roerich livelise kwanobuhle yomdlalo ndibano Moscow Art Theatre. Izazi imbeko omnye namaqhawekazi mbongo ogama asteroid Aas. I umfanekiso Peer Gynt kweli inkcubeko yehlabathi ongunaphakade enye, ngathi imifanekiso Don Quixote, Faustus, iNkosana Myshkin, Odyssey ... It urhuqa abantu abaninzi creative, ngoko Ibsen wazuza udumo ehlabathini lonke.