Peanuts kube legumes

Peanuts - a herbaceous yezityalo yonyaka obanzi lweembotyi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko ikhula kubude 25-40 cm. Le ushiya parnoperistoslozhnye yakhe ngesiphatho zila kancinane. Flowers in short ibrashi ezimbalwa-zidubule. Five-siqhuqha, ezimhlophe okanye omthubi, kujikwa, ikomityi bilabiate. izinto Imbali emva kokukhulelwa kufa kunye peduncle kwaye uqale yamaqanda ukukhula ngenkuthalo ukwala nzulu emhlabeni apho iziqhamo iphuhlisa kwifom kokonoobraznoy isizalo. Iimbotyi ngokwabo legqunyiwe pericarp enemingxuma ashinyeneyo kunye izixa ezahlukeneyo imbewu: 1 - 2 imbewu (5) e maziko omnye okanye emibini. imbewu Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu lume, nenyama, ezishiyanayo ngobukhulu, ukususela kwi-9 ukuya kwi-20 mm, kunye kwiqokobhe bubomvu-mdaka. Kweentyatyambo neentyantyambo zeamangile komhlaba ngoJuni - Julayi kunye iziqhamo zivuthwe kakhulu ngokukhawuleza - ngoSeptemba - Oktobha.

Peanuts - imbali kunye nokwakheka khemikhali

Wavela neentyantyambo zeamangile 16 zodongwe inkcubeko kuqala. eBrazil, apho yena ngengozi wawa e-China kunye koko eYurophu. Wafika ngenkulungwane ye-18 eRashiya. Endle, peanuts baqalisa ukuba ikhule kuphela ngamaxesha Soviet.

Kusasazwa ngoku kwezinye iindawo eCaucasus, North Caucasus, kumazantsi inxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya, e-Central Asia.

kuqamba Chemical. Imbewu peanut iluncedo njengoko izazinzulu ziye zachongwa, anokuqulatha ukuya kwi-52% okunamafutha oyile, eziquka glycerides lignoceric, arachidic, stearic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic, gipogeevoy, lauric, myristic, eykozenovoy, tseritinovoy kunye asidi behenic. Ukongezelela yeoli imbewu kufuneka proteins (ukuya kwi-36%), globulin (18%), glyuteininy (16%), "Arachin" konarahin, iivithamini E, B1 (ngama-iimbewu Ixolo), pantothenic acid, biotin, njl . imbewu oyile limi alkaloid Arachin, choline kunye betaine.

indiza

amandongomane ndatyala (peanuts iimbewu) kufutshane ekupheleni kuka April, maxa wambi ekuqaleni kuka May. Umthanda ozithukululeyo kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa kunokuba umhlaba "rough". Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka kube emphefumlweni kakhulu, ngenyameko usile lunamahlwili amhlophe. Umhlaba kufuneka ube sisityebi calcium. Ukuba awunazo - kufuneka ufake 100 - 200 g kwi-12 - Ibhedi 15 eemitha phambi kokutyala kunye efanayo - phambi kokuba baqale Kuphendula kweentyatyambo. I elilelona ubumuncu bomhlaba ukuze abe sesi silima umgangatho 5.6 ukuya 6.2.

Mbewu eyatyalwa kubunzulu ka-3 cm kumgama-15 cm ukusuka komnye. Oku kukuvumela ukutyala peanut lula kakhulu kwaye kulula ukulawula ukhula - ngoko ke ayikuvumeli ukuba zikhule ngokuqhelekileyo, bavele phantsi emhlabeni. Kunye nokuhlakula zinani ukufumana ngaphantsi. Umhlaba kufuneka nakanjani abe zizityebi izinto eziphilayo. Zibekele eqhelekileyo - wamatye, umgquba kunye nomxube umgquba.

Ukuba kukho ihlathi ekufuphi ugalelwe - kuyanqweneleka ukuzisa aze ongeze amahlathi (libe nwebu evakalala, leyo ilula kakhulu embe).

ukunakekela

Emva 6 - iiveki 8. emva kokuba phantsi, ihlume peanut ziqala khule, umungu. Pindar - izityalo self-ukuhlakanipha. Kwaye emva kokuba zonke iintyatyambo ziyafa, kuba izityalo okuchit kuyimfuneko ezifana iitapile, umgalele kwiibhedi kufuma ngokugqithiseleyo engumgquba (ukusuka umgquba, kwimbuphu yesarha, wamatye, isanti), umaleko engekho ngaphezulu kwe-5 cm. Land phantsi kufuma kufuneka ibe loose kunye sofele.

Nangona ngokugqithiseleyo peanuts ngethuba lokudubula kweentyatyambo wayinkcenkcesha kufuneka - nganye 3 - iintsuku ezi-4. Akugqibela ukuphuma amathupha - kakhulu ukunciphisa ukunkcenkceshela - kanye 1 - 1,5nedeli. Ke ukuba bathi bonke ngequbuliso kule xesha uya kubanjwa rhoqo imvula - yonke ukutyala peanut kuya kuba ngcono ukuba ukuzimela.

isivuno

Harvest, ukubala ukusuka kwixesha kokufika 110 - 120 iintsuku. Oku sisityalo noko ukungafuni. yellowing olubonakalayo amagqabi - umqondiso yokuvuna olungxamisekileyo; ngcono ukuba aphazamise pitchforks kwamatyholo. Qiniseka ukuba babeke iimbotyi ezaphukileyo iyoma emthunzini. iimbotyi ezomileyo cockleboat uwaphule lula, oko ukukhulula nut luncedo kakhulu, okunesondlo kunye emnandi.

Nge lokutyala olululo kakuhle, amandongomane ukuziyolisa kwenu isivuno salo neziqaqambileyo zimkile.