Ovundileyo amaziko eziphathekayo: ubugcisa, izixhobo, ukusetyenziswa enamathelayo

Iivenkile ngodaka ngoku ngokubonelela uluhlu olubanzi izinto kunye neenkqubo, kunye nangamanani ezahlukeneyo kunye kuyo. Omnye wabo ovundileyo. Yena luphuhliso entsha, kodwa eliphezulu okubhaliweyo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Ngenxa yokwanda ukuthandwa ngabantu ngakumbi nangakumbi abanomdla umbuzo, indlela wamatye ovundileyo ezinokwakheka ngezandla zabo.

iimpawu

Isiseko se ngekhonkrithi ovundileyo ziquka izithako ngumntu premixed emanzini, ezifana isamente, ikalika, isanti kunye arhente bevuthela. Isakhiwo ubonakala ngokuba ezininzi kuThixo pores emihle misindo, ngokuba ngoko iibhloko luphawulwa voidage eliphezulu. Okuthe kwaveliswa ngexesha ukubekwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, kulandele ephilisa e esisodwa. Iindleko udonga ovundileyo iyahluka-50 ukuya $ 100 iqhekeza nganye, kuxhomekeka ubukhulu.

Iibhloko kufuneka ubunzima encinci, ngaleyo ndlela cha kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba itshone naziphi na iifom ezifunwayo usebenzisa i hacksaw asezantsi kweenkuni.

ukushiyeka

Le yokwakha ayikwazi ngokuba jikelele, kunye nabantu abaninzi bakhetha ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokwakha. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho inani elaneleyo ethile, engundoqo kuzo zezi zilandelayo:

• Ubu. Ukuba ovundileyo amaziko eziphathekayo ziza kwenziwa kwindawo umsebenzi obuphethelene, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba isindululo umhlaba kunokukhokelela neentanda eziyingozi sakhiwo. Kusenokuba kuchaphazela uhombiso langaphakathi. Ngenxa yokuba phezu zokufunda lula kunye screwdriver, kucacile ukuba imfuneko iintsimbi ekhethekileyo ukudlulisela umthwalo ngexesha eqwalasele kuyo kwi ifanitshala izakhiwo eludongeni nokudala iinkqubo ngobunjineli.
• Absorbability. Ukunciphisa le mhlaba phantse nzima, ngenxa yokuba ubukho yeseti pores ezikhuthaza ukufakwa esebenzayo ukufuma ukusuka kokusingqongileyo. Oku oqaphelekayo ingakumbi kwimimandla ebusika kunye nehlobo ashushu. Le hygroscopicity kwandisa inqanaba ukufuma kwi isakhiwo, njengoko yindlela isahlakalo lwamathanda phezu eludongeni, njengoko ovundileyo wamatye ikhonkrithi ibizela amanzi, nto leyo iqalisa ngumkhenkce kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi kwaye kwandiswe, kokonakalisa eziphathekayo.

Ilishwa zikhankanywe ngasentla, nangona eli likhulu ngokwaneleyo, kodwa unako ukujamelana nazo. izikhonkwane ezifanelekileyo ufakelo, ukugcina ubushushu lwangaphandle kunye ukufuma yokugquma esemgangathweni kubagxothela kuzo apho.

Izinto kunye nezixhobo

Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise umsebenzi oyimfuneko ukulungiselela oku kulandelayo:

• isisombululo isamente;
• ngcina ezizodwa;
• level;
• nesimbo;
• nokufakwa kwayo;
• irabha impukane;
• spatula;
• ibhodi ukugaya.

ukuphuza glue

Kwimarike namhlanje ezininzi nemixube ukusebenza ngezinto ezahlukeneyo amanqanaba ukufakwa aphezulu ukufuma, ezifana ikhonkrithi, ubungakanani apho ngokomlinganiselo 30h20h60 cm, amagwebu. Unako ukusebenzisa izisombululo imiphezulu processing kunye lokufaka ifunyenwe.

Ukusetyenziswa ngcina akuthethi kunokubangela naziphi na iingxaki. Onke amacandelo zixubene nje enkulu acacisiweyo. Umsebenzi ke lula kakhulu usebenzisa idrili olukhethekileyo kunye nesimbo-lokuxhuba.

Xa ufaka le umaleko wezinto 1 cm kufuneka ube malunga 1.5 kg zesakhiwo owomileyo square metre nganye for 1 block. Ukuba kukho nezitenxo etya enamathelayo. Kunqweneleka ukuba usebenzise umxube qho ngokuhle kakhulu-olungisiweyo, oku kunciphisa amathuba ukwakhiwa "amalungu ngokucofa iqhosha lokulayita".

Izinto eziluncedo ze ngcina

ngokuba aerocrete ngcina ineendlela ezininzi ukuze ukuqhayisa isamente. Isanti fraction kunye Portland isamente, equlethwe ekwakhiweni, ukunika isakhono asasaze maleko ubhityileyo ngumxube, ngaloo ndlela anciphise ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kokutshintsha umgangatho iimpawu udibaniso. iipropati kwakuse kunye nokugcwaliswa uniform ifunyanwa ngokuthi kongezwe macandelo Polymer le. Ukufuma nokuGcina zinika abakhi ezizodwa.

Ephilisa imbuyekezo shrinkage yokuncamathelisa, oko iyahluka ukunganyangeki amanzi, moldability kunye kwinqanaba olwaneleyo adhesion. kufuneka wenziwe xa usebenzisa esi sikhungu ibloko eziphathekayo ngaphandle imizuzu 10-20, malunga 5 imizuzu inikwa nokulungiswa. Emva ukupheka, umxube kufuneka achithe zingadlulanga iiyure ezintathu. Phantsi imeko obushushu aphantsi ngexesha ukusetyenziswa ubume lifinyele. Ngexesha umsebenzi ebusika kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo Ebubanzini beentanda kunye nokugqitywa yokuzaliswa yabo.

inkqubela yomsebenzi

ovundileyo concrete amaziko ubuchule ibandakanya ukwakhiwa isakhiwo sesiseko, leyo lisebenza njengesiseko inani lokuqala iibhloko. Cap makabe 60-80 cm ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba. Kufuneka umyalelo lokutywina gasket phakathi concrete irhasi kunye nesiseko.

Kuba obandayo kumqolo wokuqala yezisombululo ezisetyenzisiweyo, zikhutshwe umaleko ngamanzi. iindonga amaziko eyenziwe ngekhonkrithi ovundileyo, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwesakhiwo lusoloko wenziwe kwikona. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ngamnye kubo Pre-tensioned uthambo, ekhangela ukuchaneka ukufakelwa zonke iibhloko, le yokungqinisisa ngakumbi basebenzisa kwinqanaba yokwakha. Irabha isando likuvumela ukuba utshintshe indawo izinto. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umxube ngcina akuyomfuneko xa usebenzisa iyunithi nenkqubo "ulwimi kunye emseleni". Indleko yale hlobo ngekhonkrithi ovundileyo imalunga 100 engange zangaphantsi ngambini. Zonke izitenxo kufuneka icocwe emva kokumiselwa komkrozo ngamnye, uze emva koko wasebenzisa makasilele ibhodi grouting.

izinto ezongezelelweyo kufuneka pre-uthe wagawulwa. Ngenxa ukwakhiwa kwawo, lo msebenzi iya kwenziwa usebenzisa hacksaw eqhelekileyo. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa wabona ukunika ngakumbi kunqunyulwa. Kulo mzekelo, ixesha accuracy ngasinye kufuneka vymeryat usebenzisa eYangon.

Ayanda kumqolo olandelayo lwenziwa emva kokuphela kweeyure 2-3 ukususela ekugqityweni ingqokelela asezantsi. iibhloko Corner tubal uyinxenye bomsebenzi kumqolo ngamnye. Irabha ngesando zilungiswe rhoqo waphakamisa iziqalelo.

iimpawu

Ukubeka ovundileyo ifuna iindonga ukuthobela neza ngenyameko. Xa izahlulelo zangaphakathi Kumqolo ngamnye wesibini kufuneka ezinxulumene isakhiwo engundoqo udonga, oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa okubamba okanye iankile apho Iqinisekile isiqwenga tubing kwalenza. Kwakhona musa ukulibala malunga hydro ezisongwayo na izahlulelo wezasekhaya isandi.

Planning Iizilebhu phakathi imigangatho kufuneka ubonelele nokufumaneka kwenkxaso ukuze kuqiniswe bhanti. Oku izakwenziwa inani lokugqibela iibhloko kwaye ibhanti unyanzeliso eziphathekayo njengoko zokomeleza izinto. Yena iintlobo kwemisebenzi, kubandakanywa: ukwabelana umthwalo efanayo inkqubo nophahla truss, izakhiwo udonga ukukhuseleka imbonakalo neentanda. Ukuba uqhagamshelane iindonga kunye nophahla mauerlat esetyenziswa leyo fixed kanye Ukubeka iminatha.

design nokuqiniswa

Ovundileyo, ogama imilinganiselo ziyahluka ngokwenjongo imilo, umzekelo, ubungakanani ibloko ngqo ukudala izahlulelo i-600h250h150 mm ngokwaneleyo izinto zaqina kwaye kufuna umsebenzi unyanzeliso. Injongo yale nkqubo kukunciphisa umthwalo, leyo inophahla lwesakhiwo okanye umgangatho nemàbhula. nokuqiniswa amaziko inika amandla ezongezelelweyo zokusebenza kunye nobomi elide.

Ukuba umsebenzi wenziwe kwi kumqolo wangaphambili, kunye wesithathu ngamnye. Ukongeza, zanda ibhanti phantsi imigangatho, iifestile neengcango.

Shtrobnye groove usikwe eludongeni iperimitha wamatye kugunyaziso for obandayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ababini kuphela bands kunye ububanzi hayi ngaphezulu kwe-4 cm. Kufuneka zishiyane 6-8 cm ukusuka kwenye. Ukuze ukugcwalisa nayiphi kusetyenziswa izisombululo semi-ulwelo ukuze wamatye ovundileyo pre Stroebe icocwe ngothuli. Ewiliko shi ngokupheleleyo izinto ukomeleza ubukhulu bawo kufuneka ube malunga-10 mm. Solution, kwakhululwa umphezulu ngaphandle nangoko isusiwe. Ukubeka series ilandelayo wenziwe ngokukhawuleza, kungekho mfuneko yokuba ulinde isisombululo yokomisa.

Umsebenzi ngexesha lonyaka abandayo

Amaziko desirably wenziwe lobushushu ngentla zero, kungenjalo kukho iindleko ezongezelelweyo ngenxa ngokushushubeza izinto zokwakha. aerocrete enamathelayo iqulethe imali eyaneleyo yamanzi, ngenxa kuwo emkhenkceni ngokukhawuleza kwindawo ebandayo kwaye akukho ukuphatha ukulungisa isakhiwo.

Indalo iindonga umthwalo ngokuzala kunye lobushushu ezimbi inganikezelwa ngokungqinelana nenqanaba ngemihla elingekho ngaphantsi kwe -6 ° C, kufuneka kwakhona andifikanga uyilo neGauteng elide kunye kwezulu. Xa olu isisombululo iza kusetyenziswa, nto leyo ubunjwe kudla nokubanda. Lo mxube ogqityiweyo Lonakele phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30, ukulungiswa sisetyenziselwa amanzi shushu. Xa umaleko isicelo of ngcina nangoko eDibanisa iibhloko, ukuvimbela ikhefu. ubunzima Kungenjalo obledeneet kunye nomsebenzi kwisiza akayi kuba kunokwenzeka. Yokuzunguleza umqolo wokugqibela ifilimu esetyenzisiweyo.

Ixabiso nezinto ukugcina

Iibhloko kufuneka igcinwe phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo ukunqanda ukulahleka weepropati yokwenza nomgangatho. Ukuba ngomhla ekuthengwe ngawo ukuya ukusetyenziswa luya kuthatha ubuncinane inyanga, kungekho izinto isusiwe bezifakwe kuyo elikhusela ukusuka impembelelo engentle yokusingqongileyo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukususa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa phambi kokuqalisa umsebenzi ukuba ixesha ngumphunga ukufuma kwemfuneko.

Xa iindleko ngokubekwa iibhloko concrete kuchaphazela inkcitho izakhiwo zothutho umbandela kunye neendleko ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi yokwakha. Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukukhumbula malunga umthamo ukuthenga lonyaka, nto leyo ibe nefuthe elibonakalayo.

Ixabiso cubic meter izinto ixhomekeke kwi iyunithi zokuphawula, iimpawu amandla kwaye kwisithuba 2000-4500 engange. izinto ezongezelelweyo, ukongeza umthamo abazifumene kunye nexesha lonyaka, kubhekisela ekufumanekeni inkampani kwestokhwe nelezemveliso.