Osteon - iyunithi noshowo bone: isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

Umzimba womntu malunga 206 amathambo, kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi yesakhiwo ukuqonda ukuba kutheni na ziba namandla angako. Kodwa indima ephambili kule nguye osteon. Le yunithi noshowo wakha amathambo imilenze, iimbambo, omqolo, njl apho Ngaba elinye igama -. Inkqubo Haversian.

Ubume wethambo

Kuphela ngenxa yesenzo odityanisiweyo we amathambo nemisipha umzimba wethu, ukwazi ukuhamba nathi, yaye lo msebenzi zazo eziphambili. Kukho, Kakade, kwaye ezongezelelweyo - negazi, utshintshiselwano izinto umkhondo, zapasatelnaya (amafutha). Kukhethwa ukuba babe isakhiwo ilandelayo - iiseli ezikhethekileyo amathambo kunye matrix extracellular, isiciko ongaphandle (periosteum) kwaye uhlala embindini umongo wethambo.

Thambo iquka macandelo mabini - iziyobisi compact kunye nomsi-. Eyokuqala ukwakweli kwimiphetho, wesibini - kwiziko kwaye ibandakanya imiqadi osseous, hayi ngokungakhethiyo amalungiselelo, kunye nokuthotyelwa ngqongqo amandla angaphandle kwi ithambo kwindawo ethile.

Ukubunjwa emathanjeni

Indibaniso engumgquba (30-40%) kunye nezingaphiliyo (60-70%) kwezi zinto luphawu isakhiwo amathambo. Xa izinto ezingaphiliyo ziquka iityuwa eekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ubume: phosphate, calcium carbonate, nemagnesium sulfate kunye nabanye. Bonke bephela iqhawulwa asidi, emva kokudibana yayo ithambo eshiya izinto eziphilayo kuphela, yaye ithambo ngembonakalo, uziva ngathi imfunxa.

Phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo zibe bodwa amafutha mukoproteidov, glycogen neerhali collagen (zimelwe ossein, osseomukoidom, elastin). Ukuba ithambo uthe watshiswa, ukuma kwalo iya kuhlala, kodwa uya zaqina kwaye ivuthu- lula xa sicinezelweyo.

Le yindibaniselwano kwezinto ze imvelaphi ezahlukeneyo kwenza ithambo nzima, ixesha elide, kodwa bhetyebhetye.

iintlobo amathambo

Ngokutsho umahluko isakhiwo wohlulwe:

• Tubular. Kukho elide ezimfutshane kunye. Le ibandakanya diaphysis amabini kunye epiphysis, imilo olunxantathu, okanye zezindlu;
• Nomsi- - akhiwa zomzimba ikakhulu cancellous engqongwe yi eqinileyo;
• flat. Bamele iipleyiti ezimbini flat phakathi leyo kwaku ithambo cancellous, umz, iincakuba ithambo;
• mixed. Amathambo, eliquka iindawo eziliqela semilo ezintsonkothileyo. Kukho iimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi eziyenzayo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye vertebra thoracic yenziwa ezintathu - umzimba kunye nenkqubo arc.

Isakhiwo cellular wethambo

Kokuba esithathele ingqalelo inwebu ithambo kwi kwinqanaba zeselula, kukho ezintathu iintlobo ezingundoqo iiseli ukuba zahluke isakhiwo kunye nokwenza imisebenzi yabo;

1. Osteoblasts - iiseli abaselula enkulu ukuba mesenchymal unemvelaphi. imilo zezindlu, lo kwa eccentrically. Iseli nganye appendage ukuza wawumdibanisa osteoblasts asebumelwaneni. Eyona misebenzi iphambili - ukuba nokulungelelanisa matrix extracellular kwaye linoxanduva ehlukene.
2. Osteocytes - linqanam elilandelayo kuphuhliso iiseli bone osteoblast, zifumaneka ithambo, ethe wayeka ukuphuhlisa umzimba iseli encinane, njengoko kuthelekiswa osteoblasts, kwaye inani neenkqubo inkulu, kwaye zisenokwahluka nkqu ithambo efanayo. Le kernel zanciphisa ngobukhulu babe ashinyeneyo ngakumbi. Cage ngathi immured ngoqobo indawo intercellular (izikhewu).
3. Osteoclasts - ubungakanani cell enkulu leyo ukufikelela microns ngaphezulu kwama-80. Umphakathi akukho namnye kodwa eziliqela, ukusukela ukuba ukusekwa macrophage ezininzi ezinyibilikiswe kunye. Ekubeni osteoclast ityhalela rhoqo, imilo wayo ezihlala ziguquka. Ngomhla inxalenye ithambo ekufuneka kutshatyalaliswa, ukuba iseli kukho iinkqubo ezininzi eziye ukuba "usombulula" wethambo, ukuthatha kude kuyo yonke neetyuwa kunye kukutshabalalisa matrix.

Ezi ntlobo ezintathu iiseli, kunye eziphathekayo osseinovymi nemicu amorphous ilahlwe kwisithuba ezamahala, ukuze ukwenza isitya, yena, osteons ukwakha, kunye gusset ipleyiti jikelele.

nokwakheka noshowo amathambo

Diaphysis libunjwa iiyunithi ezimbini noshowo: inkqubo Haversian okanye osteon, - inxalenye engundoqo - nesitsha gusset. isakhiwo Osteon inzima kakhulu. plates Bone ezityikitywe ibe yimiqulu ngobubanzi ezahlukeneyo. Ezi iziqulathi zakha omnye komnye, kwaye iziko ipasisa ebizwa ngokuba yi-umsele Haversian. Kulo mzila va luvo kunye imithambo yegazi.

Osteon - oku into eyahlukileyo iyunithi noshowo ukuxoka, ngokuphindaphindiweyo anastomoses phakathi kwezinye iiyunithi, kwakunye periosteum kunye nempahla lomongo wethambo. Ngapha koko, ubonelelo igazi osteons kuphuma ngenxa womnatha yokujikeleza le periosteum, uze emva koko angene ezineengqayi lomongo wethambo. Okhunye imithambo yegazi kunye kwalapho na.

Ifunyanwa nayiphi osteon, photo ubungqina, kwi amathambo tubular eyayingqalene kwicala elide, kwaye imfunxa - aa Incopho amandla ucinezelo kunye nengxabano.

bone nganye yakhiwe evela kwinani lawo ngamnye leeyunithi ezilolo hlobo, njengoko osteon, biology Mathews isakhiwo enjalo ukuze umthwalo ngamnye kubo wayo. Yifemur ivavanywa umthwalo ucinezelo enkulu ngexesha nokuhamba, inani kweenkqubo Haversian na 1.8 pc. aphindwe square. Ngaphezu koko, 11% - ke umyinge misele Haversian.

Osteons zisoloko ezahlulwe iipleyiti intermediate (nezaziwa eyodwa). Asinto nto kodwa ithambo osteon wonakele, zibe Asinakusebenziseka ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Eneneni, ithambo usoloko ikwiphulo wentshabalalo kunye nokwakha iinkqubo ezintsha Haversian.

imisebenzi osteon

uluhlu Osteon iimpawu:

• unit zokwakha ezingundoqo ithambo;
• Inika amandla;
• ekukhuseleni luvo kunye neempahla ethwele igazi.

Kuye kucace ukuba osteon - isakhiwo ezisebenza indima enkulu intshukumo wethu, ngaphandle amathambo ayikwazanga ukufeza injongo yawo - ukuxhasa amalungu kunye nezihlunu umzimba esithubeni.