Ntoni igama elithi "nokudliwa"? Le nokudliwa yeCzechoslovakia. Nokudliwa - it ....

Igama elithi "nokudliwa" ithetha ukuba uhlobo ndlongo kwelinye ilizwe nxamnye enye, ngexesha apho nomfutho ntsimi. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwahlula phakathi ingqiqo phantsi ingqalelo nenye lixhaphakile eli gama - umsebenzi, nto leyo ithetha ukupheliswa umthetho onikezela kummandla kwikhompyutha.

izibonelo nokudliwa

Umzekelo okuphawuleka iziganeko e Bosnia and Herzegovina, esenzeka ngayo nokudliwa - zilime Austria umsebenzi kwinkulungwane ye-19, la mazwe, oko kungathetha kuphela enye into - ukuba buthathaka yempembelelo ulawulo Austria uze uzibuyisele enkululekweni ezithile yezomthetho (umzekelo, ukubuya ilungelo ukunxiba yangaphambili igama ). Omnye umzekelo - US nokudliwa Hawaii. Asimele silibale ngayo Kwimeko enjalo, njengoko nokudliwa yeCzechoslovakia ngu Germany okanye eRashiya nokudliwa eCrimea. Lo mbono wakhonza ngenxa yohlobo yokuphanga yomgaqo-nkqubo ka kwilizwe ngamandla malunga kurhulumente, apho umyalelo sezingeni ngokuncipha.

Imbali elivela kuzo nokudliwa ku Russia

Ngoko ke, lo nokudliwa - ukuba, ngokungqinelana nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, nokudliwa ngokungekho mthethweni kunye iwuthimbe lo kummandla omnye kwilizwe elinye. ERashiya, ingqiqo okokuqala ngqa ukudibana ngenkulungwane ye-19, yaye oko kwakuthetha nokujoyina ngohlangothi entsimini kwelinye ilizwe. It lowo ongazanga ngokusesikweni njengomda isenzo ukwala umnini wangaphambili kummandla (zikarhulumente). Ntonye lo gama 'nokudliwa "yaye" annektirovanie ".

Nokudliwa - ephule lwamalungelo?

Nokudliwa kuphula inyala komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Zidala kolo loyiso indawo enjalo, ezo ziziphumo ukuvela nokudliwa, zibonisa izivumelwano ezithile ngamazwe kunye nezenzo. Umzekelo, oku okusisiphumo se-waseLondon Military Tribunal (1946), kwakunye ne-UN Declaration, elawula inadmissibility sokuphamazisa kwimicimbi yangaphakathi kumazwe, isibhengezo ebonisa imigaqo yomthetho ngamazwe kwi ububanzi intsebenziswano nobudlelwane obuhle phakathi States (1970). Ngomhla inadmissibility le nokudliwa kwaye uthi isenzo kwiNkomfa Security neNtsebenziswano eYurophu (Act Final).

Igalelo - umqondo ezihamba

Annexations kunye indemnities - la amagama amabini ngokusondeleyo banxibelelane nabanye. Ngenxa yoko, kwikota yesibini ibandakanya nokubekwa izityholo ezithile kumazwe boyiswa.

"Uxolo ngaphandle annexations kunye indemnities" yaphakanyiswa ngo-1918 emva kokuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Noko ke, ngokubhekisele Russia, uRhulumente zabekwa iimeko ezimbi zehlabathi, ukuba izinziswe kuphela 1922. Ngenxa yoko,, akasayi kuba ihlabathi isekelwe kwizibakala zembali. Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo yelizwi, i nokudliwa - uhlobo lwe nokuqhubekeka izenzo ndlongondlongo, nangona ezifana ngamaxesha kwiminyaka imfazwe.

Inkolelo yokuba umsebenzi

Nokudliwa kuyimfuneko ukwahlula umsebenzi. Ngoko ke, lo nokudliwa ibizwa ngokuba ekusebenziseni izinto ezithile ezingabandakanyi utshintsho womthetho kummandla singoobani. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, umzekelo unako ukukhonza Bosnia and Herzegovina, apha msebenzi Austria-Hungary yaye yathathwa kuphela ngo-1908. Phambi kweli xesha, ngokusesikweni uRhulumente yaba Ottoman.

VI Lenin nokudliwa

Nkqu uLenin wanikwa inkcazelo yale mbono. Ngokutsho kwakhe, lo nokudliwa - loo ekwakhiweni ngenkani, ingcinezelo amazwe ochazwa wokujoyina intsimi yomnye umntu.

Iziphumo ezingentle indemnity

Kuye sele isetyenziswe yinto enjalo njengomnikelo ebonisa ingqokelela enyanzelekileyo kwentlawulo okanye impahla kubanjwa ukusuka kurhulumente woyiswa emva kokuphela impi. Xa intliziyo lokumiswa wabeka phantsi into enjalo njenge "ekunene umnqobi." Lo mgaqo uyasebenza nokuba ubukho yobulungisa ekuqhutyweni imfazwe, urhulumente noloyiso. Ubukhulu, imilo kunye nemeko iintlawulo indemnity zigqitywa uphumeleleyo. Lo mbono ezaqala njengendlela apho abemi urhulumente oyiswe okanye mzi ekuqaleni kuthenga ngaphandle ukuphanga enokwenzeka.

Imbali inika imizekelo ocacileyo indemnity. Ngoko ke, ngokuba abathintelwa sabantu izithintelo amaxhoba phantsi amanqaku ye-Hague Convention ngo-1907 zaye kuphelela yokutshaja ubukhulu. Noko ke, ebudeni iimfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi, la manqaku zaye kunokuba krwada badlwengulwe. Geneva Convention, ukuchaza ukukhuselwa abahlali ngo-1949, zange ukubonelela lokuqokelela. Entente States kule nkqubo yokudala iSivumelwano Versailles, esatyikitywa ngowe-1919, nazo linyanzeliswe ukuba linike le hlobo imali, kodwa bafaka yokulungisa umonakalo. Ngowe-1947, izivumelwano uxolo ukulungiselela nemithetho- siseko yokungacaluli sebenzisa indemnities. Endaweni yawo, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, kuza ukulungiswa, endaweni, imbuyekezo kunye nezinye iindidi ilizwe eziphathekayo uxanduva.

Le nokudliwa yeCzechoslovakia ngu Germany

Ethetha iziganeko kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kufanele kuphawulwe uzinzo kaHitler ekuphumezeni ezi njongo. Ngoko ke, ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo we-West bamkela amazwi akhe kakhulu, isenzo ngexesha singabanqanda uHitler kakhulu ngaphambili. Kodwa ke ubungqina - into ayinakuphikiswa. Ngoko, emva kokuba ukuqaliswa nokudliwa le Sudetenland ngu uHitler, kwagqitywa ekubeni kwi umsebenzi yonke yeCzechoslovakia. Eli nyathelo ivumela nkqubo waseJamani, ukongeza izibonelelo zoqoqosho, ziba kwaye neAfrika inzuzo kwinxalenye esempuma eYurophu, nto leyo ebe negalelo ekuqhutyweni ngempumelelo imisebenzi zomkhosi ePoland kwiiBalkans.

Ukuze bamba Czechoslovakia kwegazi, kwakudingeka ukuba ubudlelwane sokumiswa Czechoslovak. Hitler uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wenza iingxelo malunga imfuneko ukunqanda imfazwe eYurophu. Noko ke, emva kokuba iziganeko eMunich, oziphethe waseJamani baqala ukuqonda ukuba ingxaki elandelayo nga kuphela emfazweni. Kulo mzekelo, naziphi "ukudlala" kunye eLondon kuyalahleka intsingiselo yazo.

Phakathi amalinge zakutshanje yokubonisana - wokutyikitywa kwesivumelwano 1938 kunye eFransi, apho waqinisekisa inviolability umda achaphazelekayo. Yaba uhlobo kwisi eMunich Anglo-German Declaration, eyenzelwe ukunika ukuzola elifutshane nangegxalaba kwintshona Jamani. Yaye kwesiVumelwano Paris iphawulwe indawo kubonisiwe lokuqala kwisigaba esitsha ngokupheleleyo amazwe aseYurophu.

Hitler, Noko ke, wathinjwa ngokupheleleyo eCzechoslovakia. It lwaqhutywa yi eJamani izithuko obuzimele. Urhulumente e Prague iinzame yokugqibela ukugcina iintsalela karhulumente zathathwa. Ngoko ke, ukuba apheliswe Slovak kunye norhulumente Rusyn (Transcarpathia), kwakunye nomthetho wemitshato kwi kummandla eSlovakia. Le meko ukulingiselela ngokupheleleyo uHitler kule ndawo. Ngoko ke, ngo-1939 iinkokeli Slovak Catholic (Jozef Tiso kunye UFerdinand Durkansky) bacelwa ukuba Berlin, apho isayinwe amaxwebhu zilungiswe, leyo lwabhengezwa ukuzimela Slovakia. Ngelo xesha Reich kudinga ukuba urhulumente omtsha phantsi ukhuseleko lwayo. Ngoko ke, oko kwenziwe nokudliwa yeCzechoslovakia ngu eJamani.