Novodevichy Convent e Moscow, phi? History of the weemonki

Enye bobuncwane Russian ezinkulu bokwakha kuthathwa ukuba Novodevichy Convent eMoscow. Isigodlo Museum ukususela kwinkulungwane XVI lwenzeka xa kukho aguqe i Moskva River kwindawo lembali ebizwa intsimi Ntombazana, kwaye ayiyeki ukutsala ngobuhle bayo kunye nembali ende uphelayo umsinga abakhenkethi nabasemzini.

iziganeko Secret legends zwabha Novodevichy Convent. E Moscow, apho woonongendi wamandulo, ngexesha Tatar azimanye abantu Russian eqokelelweyo irhafu kuba Golden mkhosi. Inani yahlawulwa AmaTatar, hayi kuphela iinkozo zemali igolide kunye oboya. Kulapha ke umdak 'Russian amantombazana, ogama isiphelo kuye igqitywa ngexesha kubukhoboka. Ukususela ngoko, loo mhlaba ngeyabo intetho kwathiwa ngokuba Ntombazana, nehlabathi apha, owabona intlungu olungenasiphelo wahlala te ngeenyembezi. Naku Novodevichy Convent e Moscow, oko kubekwa isiseko sakhe imbali ebuyela iinkulungwane, ukuya kwixesha yokuqinisa amandla Russia.

Lifikile ixesha lokuba umanyano komhlaba eMoscow

Novodevichy Convent uMama kaThixo yembali ESmolensk yaqala ngo-1524, yaye bembonakalo yayo unyanzelekile isiganeko ebalulekileyo Russia - ukuzaliswa lokumanywa impangele. Grand Prince Vasily III of Moscow, ebizwa ngokuba "umqokeleli imihlaba Russian", elenziwe kunye Nelifa abalawuli yaseByzantium, nokukhusela Orthodox evela amaRoma.

umhlaba yokuhlanganisa Grand eRashiya yaphela kukhululeka evela phantsi kolawulo Lithuanian ka ESmolensk - umzi, ezazikade ukubaluleka qhinga kurhulumente Russian. Idabi zembali lwaqhutywa ngo-1514, yaye kwiminyaka eli-10 kamva, ezalisekisa isithembiso sayo esenziwa phambi kokuba ku ESmolensk, Prince waseka woonongendi kunye ecaweni, wawungcwalisa ESmolensk icon ye Mother oyiNgcwele ( "Putevoditelnitsy").

indlela Great ESmolensk lomfanekiso

Le icon ye ESmolensk nguMama kaThixo wafikelela ilizwe Russian kwinkulungwane XI, phambi kokufika impangele. Ngokutsho legend, ebhaliweyo ngexesha ubomi basemhlabeni Virgin uMpostile uLuka, liye laba indlela ende ukusuka eYerusalem yamandulo kwikomkhulu yaseByzantium kaConstantinople, nakuzo Russian Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich. Yena wabumisela ukuze abe itempile iintlobo abathetheli Russian. Yaye kangangexesha elide, umfanekiso ngokungummangaliso egcinwe ngenyameko ibandla ngombono ESmolensk. Ukususela ngelo xesha, oko kwaziwa ngokuba ESmolensk icon ye nguMama kaThixo, yaye isixeko ngoku egcinwe kwi izinto ezingalunganga kwi Virgin. Encwadini yeembali XIII kwekhulu ingakumbi ukuchaza ummangaliso icon xa wasindisa ESmolensk ukusuka ayehlasela mkhosi Batu.

Ukususela ngo 1398 umfanekiso imimangaliso waba impangele. Kwaba Nozipho Vitovtovna, umfazi eMoscow Prince Vasily I. ngexesha utyelelo ESmolensk kuyise, umthetheli Lithuanian, Nozipho wafumana iintsikelelo umzali nokhokelo ukugcina i icon ekhaya. Beka kumisiweyo kwi Annunciation Cathedral of the yesicelo.

Iminyaka emininzi wabathunywa ESmolensk Aye acelwa nguVasili III wokubuyiswa icon. Kodwa ke, emva kokuba isigqibo sokuba ukudibanisa ilizwe Russian nomnqweno ukutsala abemi ESmolensk kwicala Russian amanene eye wavumela esi siganeko ukuze kwenzeke.

Phambi kokuthumela, loo ndawo yonqulo ngendlela elide ESmolensk, ngokuyalelwa amanene kunye icons isusiwe uluhlu oluchanileyo, leyo ushiywe Annunciation Cathedral. I Novodevichy Convent e Moscow, apho ngoku uluhlu lwe icon, wavuka ngo-1525.

ESmolensk Indawo sasihamba umngcelele ukusuka iindonga yesicelo ukuya Sawin monastery. Kwaba kuphela emva komthandazo enkulu wafudukela endleleni ESmolensk.

Esi siganeko sibalulekileyo kuye ukususela minyaka yonke iinkonzo festive kunye umngcelele ukuya kwindawo apho ngoku welula Novodevichy Convent. EMoscow, eRashiya, onke amaKristu Orthodox Russian kuzukisa Julayi 28 ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Kweli nqanaba, emva kwedabi noloyiso ESmolensk, ibandla lokuqala oqingqiweyo ka woonongendi omtsha wayebekwe khona.

Njani igama woonongendi kwi Field lentombi leyo

Woonongendi igama "Novodevichy" wayengekho ngengozi. Ngu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI eMoscow kakade eMonastri zombini - woonongendi indala akhulelwe, ebizwa ngoko Starodevichim, yaye kubekwe phezu kwintsimi Ascension Moscow yesicelo kaThixo. Igama lokuqala lika woonongendi kwi ongasentsimini Virgin kaThixo, okhankanywe yemihla 1598 - Oyena Pure Virgin Hodegetria The nunnery omtsha.

Kukho olunye uhlobo lwale imbonakalo yesihloko. Abbess ye woonongendi Yayikukuzinikela schema-ndela Elena, bayou kunye uyazidela Suzdal Pokrovsky Monastery. Ukusuka Suzdal ukuya awufuni sigodlo abbess entsha zafela-18, yaye ukuba bakhonze kuzo zonke iinzame zakho. Ubomi indela kwi woonongendi yasekwa yimigaqo yokulala endala kwaye kuxhomekeke ngummiselo engqongqo. Ukuya kutsho kwixesha langoku ukugcina uxwebhu ngesandla ekhethekileyo ebesiqulunqwe yi-abbess le Novodevichy Convent - lamalungelo yaye ekuqaleni imihla loonongendi lwekhulu XVI.

Bayou Elena kwabalelwa ukuba "vseizryadnoy ngutitshala enyulu irenki," yaye bandla Devochkin isiqhulo ngenxa ingqalelo ekhethekileyo amantombazana guardianship. Uthando nokhathalelo kusetyenziswa abbess waba mkhulu kangangokuba kubhaliwe kuMgaqo-endala eMoscow igama leenkedama kwabasetyhini.

Ukusuka kwimbali Novodevichy Convent eyaziwa kakuhle ukuba ngexesha uPetros apha amalungiselelo yokusithela iintsana, amantombazana azalwe ngokungekho mthethweni. Indela ekukhuliseni nokufundisa kalukhuni zabo, yenze kuzo ukuthobeka kunye nokuthobela. Ngeyabo kuPetros ndicinga ukuba afundise monki eMonastri ngentsontelo yemisonto kwi ngendlela Dutch. Shelter yi kwase yokuqala ikamva leenkedama eMoscow for girls iiklasi ephezulu.

Imbali ye woonongendi kwabasetyhini kunye yokuhlala for girls abazinkedama waqhubeka kamva kunye nokuvuka Novodevichy Monastery yasekwa ngokomyalelo uKumkanikazi Elizabeth ngo-1746. Ngelo xesha, uye wagqiba ukuthumela amava indela eMoscow eSt Petersburg. A athandwa le weemonki baqala ukusebenzisa ngexesha zebhola ye monasticism phakathi kwabafazi kwinkulungwane XIX.

Enye inguqulelo izizathu kokudala weemonki

Ababhali-mbali phantse ngazwilinye uyavuma ukuba esinye sezizathu kokudala kwikhaya loonongendi esitsha yaye umdlalo lobuqu Vasily III. A ukufana uzotywe phakathi ukwakhiwa woonongendi kunye ityala mtshato amanene. engama-20 sitshatile Okhethiweyo Solomonia Saburova kwabo, ndibe nako ukunika yindlalifa prince. Esoyika abazalwana bakhe, ngathi ukuba alawule, wafumana imvume ecaweni ukuba atshate. Ayikwazi ukumelana umsebenzi wakhe umfazi wakhe Solomonia Vasily III kwanyanzeleka ukuba komkhusane, wamgxothela ukuba woonongendi iKrismesi. Ngowe-1525 ukuba christened Nozipho.

mbali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba Novodevichy Convent e Moscow, nto leyo luluhlu ESmolensk icon yakhelwe ngqo uSolomon. Kwaye Vasily III: «ngoovulindlela" ngookumkani kwi ngenkani amale umfazi wakhe iindonga woonongendi, ezama ngaloo ukunciphisa ityala lakhe.

Ukusuka yesicelo ukuya Novodevichy Convent wayeneminyaka emithathu kuphela neekhilomitha. Kodwa ukuya kwindawo entle kufuphi Moscow Nun Sophia ayikwazanga ukuchitha iintsuku zakhe elabelwe e Suzdal, Pokrovsky emva iindonga ze loonongendi. Ubomi bakhe yobulungisa udinga engazibaleli engcwele, yaye namhlanje wayesoyikwa yi amakholwa Sofiya Suzdalskaya koMfu.

Godunovs i Novodevichy Convent

Le ndlela ebuhlungu abantu reference iintsapho basebukhosini waqhubeka Ivan Grozny. Wazimela apha umhlolokazi umzalwana wakhe kunye nonyana wakhe. Woonongendi wathabatha kunye umhlolokazi Fedor I Ioanovicha, Irina Godunov, ikhusela ukusuka kokufa umzalwana wakhe Boris. isigqibo sakhe ukuba ushiye woonongendi emva kokufa komyeni wakhe ngoko ifana shela. Kodwa nantsi ke ukumkanikazi eyayingunongendi waya phezu imisebenzi yoluntu, nto leyo ehlala sasebukhosini. Kwaba apha beza izihlandlo ezithathu ukukhahlela izinduna ababuza Boris ukuba ngukumkani kwakhe.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kunye ukusekelwa i Novodevichy Convent waqalisa ukuba uwubeke Boris Godunov, ngubani wathabatha amandla ngo-1598. Nangodade wabo Irina Fedorovna wakha entsha eliphangaleleyo iiseli, Wena mboni, kunye refectory. Kamva, baya kubizwa amagumbi Irininskimi. Ukongezelela, imali zaye zabelwa sokuphuculwa ngokupheleleyo ESmolensk Cathedral, imizobo ebuyiselweyo iconostasis, kunye nomfanekiso imimangaliso benxibe kwimivuzo ezintsha ngamatye anqabileyo.

usapho mthinjwa royal

Yaba ngokulandelelana uthotho abemi woonongendi le izinduna kwisizukulwana nabathetheli. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho abo ngokwabo ngaphaya kweendonga enamandla bengengabo iminikelo yabo.

Ukuqhubeka ukuvalelwa izalamane kunye noPetros I. Ngowe-1689 apha efihliweyo Princess Nozipho Alekseevna, udade kumkani kunye umphambanisi yokuvukela Archer. Bayahlelwa oonyana amaqabane kwakhe kakubi. Baye abulawa phambi Novodevichy Convent, neentloko zawo zaye kwenziwa kwi uqoqo zamatye kweendonga woonongendi. Oku eBha- umfazi wokuqala Peter I, Lopuchin Evdokia, ngokutsho legend wawuqalekisa intliziyo intanda yakhe isixeko kwi Neva.

"Novodevichy Convent e Moscow, apho kukho abantu abaninzi losapho amanene, izityebi kwaye ilungiselelwe abantu abafumana" - ungqinile uMphathi Nikon. Ngokweemini endala Starodevichy, kwaye apha beza ookumkani nabafazi, abahlolokazi, iintombi kunye noodade le izinduna.

Ngobutyebi obukhulu zifumaneka ahlala esisekweni, kongezelelwa ngokuqhubekekayo kunye nempahla noonongendi elizayo, yaye okunikezela oonobumba ilifa yemihlaba yabo.

Ahlala okanye inqaba?

Ngokomlomo Vasily III, woonongendi wayefanele ukuba ibe ikopi elincinane incwadi yesicelo. bezakhiwo Court kunye ngabapeyinti babesebenza nje kuphela iindonga yeendlela zokuzikhusela, omninzi ubuhle babo. Vula iindonga woonongendi apho ke kuloo nqaba wagqiba kwelokuba Boris Godunov, ukuqalela emva enyukayo ukuya etroneni inguqu yokwakha le weemonki. Iindonga zamatye eqinileyo New ezinde ezintsha kunye nongqameko bayingqonga weemonki. ukuphakama kwawo ngoku landa ukuya kwiimitha ezili-13, nobude - phantse sekhilomitha. Ukwenza unogada kwi woonongendi iposelwe strelets ekampini 350 amahashe, ukuba kwinkulungwane XVII woonongendi waba njengonogada inqaba benene kumda eMoscow.

Ngokrolo lomsesane iMoscow Novodevichy Convent basixelele malunga namaxesha Troubles Enkulu, xa bayahlelwa inqaba weemonki kwaba buhlungu. Umi Ekuveleni komzi, iye phantsi ukugqogqa emininzi bolunye uhlanga, ukuba amabutho abavukeli of musketeers abaphangi eziqhelekileyo. Ngo 1612 iindonga weemonki kungekudala yatshatyalaliswa, baphanga weemonki. Kwaba phantsi iindonga echithiwe i Novodevichy Convent, idabi imbali kunye nomkhosi Polish, emva koko Prince Pozharsky wakhokela squad ukuya yesicelo.

Ubomi entsha woonongendi: nokubuyiselwa luhlaza

Ukubuyiselwa i Novodevichy weemonki lwaqala kokufika ebukumkanini Romanov yokuqala. UMikhail Fedorovich, yakhulula woonongendi iirhafu ukuya 1650 Wahlahla woonongendi evela imizila yemfazwe, yakhiwa ngokutsha iindonga. Wenza woonongendi indawo ethandaza abantu abathile zasebukhosini uMntanezulu. Ukususela ngoko Novodevichy Convent yayimi ngaphandle kwesixeko, kwaphulwa phantsi iindonga yayo iintente, apho bahlala kuba ubusuku, "ukuze kuphoswa umthandazo kusasa." Ngenxa woonongendi eMoscow igama le Prechistenka street - banamhlanje-isimboli kwidolophu endala. Kungenxa amarhamente akhe aye ngeeholide.

emikhosini Custom e Novodevichy Muscovites weza ebomini namaxesha. Namhlanje, amawaka abantu bazama ukufumana ukuya Novodevichy Convent eMoscow. Indlela ukuya kwindawo apho ziyabanjwa mkhosi holide?

Imibhiyozo iFestive embindini wembali

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, indawo wemithendeleko intsomi sele zidluliselwe ukusuka iindonga woonongendi kwi entsha and Field Virgin kaThixo. Umcimbi zokuqala zaye zabanjwa kuphela ngeeholide zonqulo. Inkangeleko odumileyo Prechistenka street kwakhona ezinxulumene ne Novodevichy Convent.

Indlela kwi elafikayo abathembekileyo ngonyaka ukusuka iindonga yesicelo ukuya woonongendi, wayekho ngaphambili. Kodwa umyalelo kakumkani 1658 oko kwazeka negama ungowokubongwa Virgin, nto leyo ubuso angummangaliso mayihambe zonke iholide.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, lo isiza wembali Baqala ke ukuba nemihlali iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kunye ezingenamsebenzi. Ukuya kwinkulungwane XVIII akwasala nanye wakha ummandla asendle Ntombazana. Kwakukho imiyezo eqhubela phambili kunye neegadi avumba limnandi wayaphula. izindlu Ilizwe yezikhulu kule ndawo yaqala ukubonakala ekuyeni ekupheleni kwenkulungwane.

Namhlanje Maiden indawo intsimi wakha ngokupheleleyo, kwaye izitalato eziyintloko iziko wembali ithathwa kakhulu Pirogovskaya Minor Pirogovskaya kunye Pogodinskaya. Imikhosi agcinwe kwiindawo eziliqela, ngaphakathi ukuhamba umgama omnye komnye, ngoko isikhokelo ukufumana indawo kuba uya kukhonza ezi ezitratweni.

Indlela ukuya Novodevichy Convent

Akukho kweendlela zabakhenkethi nophuculo akuthethi ukuphepha ingqalelo yakhe Novodevichy Convent. EMoscow - kuba kwindawo yokuqala abo banqwenela ukuba ukujikeleza Golden Ring.

Njengoko ehlala weemonki waze 1922. Yena wasindiswa ngurhulumente weSoviet njengento lesikhumbuzo zokwakha de 30, xa isigqibo yaBantu Commissariat kwesakhiwo zakhiwo weemonki banikwa kuRhulumente Museum Historical (branch). Phambi kokuphela kwemfazwe kummandla loonongendi baqalisa ukuvuselela izikolo zonqulo. Kwaye kuphela ngo-1994 ubomi emishini kwi woonongendi uye waphila.

lwabakhokeli babakhenkethi njalo ukunika ulwazi abo abanqwenela ukutyelela Novodevichy Convent. Idilesi kunye nezalathiso baveza zonke iinkcukacha izikimu. Ukubanjwa ezilahlekileyo kuya kuba nzima.

Ekubeni namhlanje liziko wembali kwikomkhulu, kunye ezinika emininzi ezahlulwe umgama omfutshane, ngoko isikhululo metro "Sport" Kulungile ukuba uhambe imizuzu engama-10 kunye esitratweni. October 10 iminyaka.

Ummandla zakhiwo weemonki lincinane Novodevichy NAB. Zokuhamba Luzhnetskaya kunye Khamovniki shaft. Ukongeza uhlolo lwe zakhiwo zokwakha, abakhenkethi kunye abalandeli abantu abaninzi kakhulu bamangaliswa amangcwaba Novodevichy. Kwakhona inxulumene imibombo akhethekileyo eMoscow. Apha kungcwatywa abantu abaninzi abalaseleyo kwilizwe lethu: iinjengele, abameli abadumileyo inzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko, kunye nezopolitiko.

Heritage kwembali Russian kunye ngokomoya lokholo bamanyene kukodwa njengebhakana ukuba indawo eRashiya - Novodevichy Convent eMoscow. Idilesi: metro "Sports", Novodevichy sicatshulwa, 1.