NoLidiya Andreevna Ruslanova: biography, imbali yobomi, ubuchule kunye iingoma best

Ngubani na Ruslanova noLidiya Andreevna? Biography ishwankathela umsebenzi walo mculi obalaseleyo, iza kukhangeleka ngolu hlobo: imvumi edume iingoma intsomi Russian, ubudala efanayo kwinkulungwane XX, nazo zonke Akubuya ezibukhali imbali Russian kwisiqingatha yayo yokuqala. Wazibonela leenkedama kunye nobuhlwempu, udumo, ubutyebi, kunye nendumiso othandwayo, kwakunye eyoyikekayo esiseleni sentolongo kuStalin kunye isidima nawuphi na inkampu umntu ubukho bomntu. Kodwa imvumi Russian noLidiya Andreevna Ruslanova kwakhona baphumelela, nangona zonke, ukuba babuyele emsebenzini esebenzayo zokudala. Kwaye akazange ayeke de ekufeni kwakhe.

NoLidiya Andreevna Ruslanova: biography

Esakhula, kwenzeka kwiphondo Saratov. Yena wazalwa ngo-1900, yintsapho yamahlwempu of Andrei kunye Tatiana Leikin. Ekuzalweni, intombazana egama Praskovya (ngokwe kweminye imithombo, Agafia). Ukusuka uyise-Mordvina Praskovya waya mnyama amehlo zeamangile-ezimilise, i evuthelweyo "nekurnosoe" ubuso kunye iinwele emnyama obukhulu.

Uyise wayesebenza umlayishi kwesinye piers ze iVolga, unina wathabatha balondolozelwe kuzo abantwana abathathu. Nabo abazali nomyeni babehlala kaThixo - unina nobaba uDaria Leikin nguDmitry Gorshenin, ngubani, njengoko kamva kwaba, kakhulu ukukhalaza umntwana wakhe.

Russia ngokubanzi, ingakumbi kummandla iVolga, edume ayo ukucula. iingoma Russian sikhatshwe ngumntu phezu ebomini, ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya ekufeni, abantu Russian bevuma kwaye ngexesha emsebenzini, yaye umdlalo, kwiidolophana kunye needolophu. Nezincinane Praskovja Leikin umntwana wendele umphefumlo wakhe neengoma Russian. Lucky wakhe ngengqiqo yokuba mzalwana kayise, Malume uYakobi, yaba yentsimbi wokwenene lomculo, mhlawumbi ngenxa azalela abantu bakaThixo (hayi kuluhlu kunye imvelaphi!) Amagcisa ukuba uyazichaza Ivan Turgenev kwi "iimvumi" (ngokuzenzekelayo, eliyinhloko iqhawe ibali nje Yasha Turk). imvumi nozise waba uDaria noninakhulu wakhe, ukuze italente yakho ukucula Ruslanova ilifa zooyise.

Uvavanyo esakhula

Emva yokulahlekelwa elidlulileyo Soviet eRashiya ngaxa lithile kusefashonini idealize ubomi Tsarist eRussia ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. ushishino iphuhlisiwe Kwaye ngoko ekwakusithiwa, yaye ngokwaneleyo umsebenzi, kwaye uluntu walawula ubunye emphakathini. Kwaye konke oku ukuchuma kuthiwa kutshatyalaliswa "bani kwiBolsheviks". Umzekelo okuphawuleka obubhaliweyo eliyi Govorukhin "Russia esiye kulahlekileyo." Noko ke, ukwazi inyaniso, eliqulethe ngobomi Ruslanova Lydia Andreyevna, uphikisa oku look ngemihla.

UMgwebi ngokuba wena, umfundi. Ngowe-1904, oko iqala imfazwe Russian-Japanese, kunye Andreya Leykina, uyise wabantwana abathathu, kwi emkhosini yokuqala wacetywa ukungenela umkhosi. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko oko kungqinwa umbhali abathile ngumphandi Ruslanova Sergei Mikheenkov kwincwadi yakhe "noLidiya Ruslanova. Soul yimvumi ", wanika lo tata wam, kodwa kwafuneka ukuba umninawa bantwana aselula Andrei Leykina Fedot. Kodwa Old Amakholwa-tata yaba despot intsapho endlwini yakhe wokwenene akukho mntu ubenobuganga ukubuphikisa (nokuba lokuphikisa njani, ukuba iqela zikhalazela ukuba iqhutywa kanye ukuthanda kukaThixo!)

Ngoko yonke into waya mandundu. Mama Paraskevi, ukondla abantwana babo, amalungiselelo ukusebenza kumzi-mveliso lwezitena e Saratov. Ngaba ucinga ukuba lathenjiswa umsebenzi lula? Into enjalo, nxiba umsebenzi onzima, apho ngaphantsi konyaka, overstrained, wagula waza wathabatha ebhedini yakhe. Yaye kungekudala wafa, eshiya iinkedama abathathu.

Kungekudala waza waziswe Ukunyamalala kayise ngaphandle, azafunyanelwa ndawo ngaphambili. Enyanisweni, eli bali eyenzeke kuye, luphawu ngokupheleleyo sikweni ezantsi yoluntu ngelo xesha eRashiya, kwakunye nokungabikho epheleleyo lweenkqubo zokukhusela intlalo. Ekhohlo ayisebenzi legless, ngaphandle ntle evela kwabasemagunyeni, wabona akukho ithuba lokubuya kusapho, njengoko yayiya kuba abantwana kunye nabazali babo (ingakumbi lo tata Old Likholwa yakhe) umthwalo olongezelelweyo. Ngoko, xa wayefika Saratov, ukuba wayengumngqibi, becela phezu amanyathelo zetempile. Nantsi i "kwemvisiswano phakathi" kwi version Russian.

umculi Street

njani yenziwa emva kokulahlekelwa abazali biography Ruslanova Lydia Andreyevna? Uyisemkhulu Believer emva ukulahleka indodana emfazweni kunye nokufa intombi-bafudukela ukungathandi wakhe Leikin on umzukulwana omdala Praskovya, afeketha wabaqoba intombazana. Oku eyaziwayo ugogo, owayehlala kwidolophana ekufutshane, kuye yamzekayo umzalwana wam omncinane. Kodwa ke uninakhulu yena abasokolayo kwakhona ngokukhawuleza baba ziimfama. Lowo Praskovya umngqibi kunyaka emithandathu ubudala zolutsha, kunye nomakhulu wakhe imfama ehamba izitrato Saratov kunye emizini ejikelezileyo, becula iingoma iintsomi, kunye nomakhulu bam yacela ukuba bayilize. Ngethamsanqa kubo, le ntombazana Yayililizwi ecocekileyo kakhulu kwaye namandla kunye indlebe ogqibeleleyo umculo. Plus inkumbulo ukunamathela ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ukuze ongumntwana imvumi yesitalato emehlweni abaphulaphuli a yingqokelela nje ngokubanzi weengoma emaphandleni nasezidolophini, yaye wahlawula abaphulaphuli bakhe bona.

A unyaka sele iwupasisile "Unoyolo" ezinjalo. Wafa, abakwazi ukumelana ngxaki zakhe nobunzima, uninakhulu kunye nesixhenxe-year-intombazane yayiqhubeka ukucula ezitratweni. Kodwa kuyacaca ukuba, ngeli xesha nangoku cranked ukuba ivili "ofisi yasezulwini", yaye xa eyinkedama ihlwempu wawurhola ingqalelo igosa umhlolokazi ontliziyo ithambileyo, namhlanje phakathi abaphulaphuli esitratweni lomculo wakhe. ngemizamo yakhe, omathathu iinkedama abaselula Leikin zaye zongezwa kwimikhukhu ezahlukeneyo kunye abaphezulu Praskovya ukuba ngonaphakade walitshintsha igama, abe Lidiey Ruslanovoy. Oku kwenziwa ukuze wenze intombazana encinane ikhusi kakuhle kwenye iicawa esembindini e Saratov, ezazikade choir yalo, nto leyo athole abanye abafundi abanetalente. Kodwa ke ingxaki kukuba yokuhlala akazange athathe iinkedama neyabalimi (Kuyabonakala ukuba, ngenxa yokuba kwi "ekhuselekileyo" Tsarist Russia kwakukho isixa esikhulu) kunye negama lokwenene kunye nefani intombazana wangcatsha imvelaphi yakhe Sasungulwa. Ngoko ke, kwakufuneka, ukuze usinde, ukuba ningayekeleli ngenxa yabo.

Impumelelo kuqala

Indlela yokuphila emva koko noLidiya Andreevna Ruslanova? Biography ukuba kuchatshazelwa italente yakhe. Indawo encinci Lida kanye bamkelwe ikwayara kunye wenza njengemvumi, waqalisa ukufunda esikolweni Parish. Ngenxa Umongameli abandakanyeke choristers umsebenzi, kubonakala, kwaba ngenxa yemigudu yakhe, Lida, yaye wabonakala kakuhle "kunikelwa" ilizwi, okunyusileyo udumo lwakhe lwesizwe lwexesha elizayo.

Okwangoku, njengemvumi encinane wayecula kwikwayara motets. Nokuba ke, ubugcisa lakhe phezu abaphulaphuli isiphumo phantse omlingo. Etempileni, apho wayenza, babethontelana abathandi umculo ibandla ehlabathini Saratov mamela imvumi abancinci kakhulu, eyaziwa ngokuba "neenkedama," wathi, "Makhe siye iinkedama." Ekuchubekeni odumileyo yeSoviet kunye screenwriter AI mfula, ukuze simazi linguLidiya njengomntwana, washiya iinkumbulo ngolangazelelo lomculo wakhe etempileni. Hi ndlela leyi, amazwi akhe kwakusazeka ukuba uyise kwe Lida biha kwi evarandeni yetempile, kodwa yena intombi yakhe babonisa kungekho buhlobo, kuba ngokusemthethweni kwakubhalwe njenge yinkedama, yaye wamnika isiseko ukuba abe phantsi kwephiko lakho.

Oku ke kwenzeka iminyaka eliqela. Kodwa kwimikhukhu yecawa abantwana zamfutshane. Kamsinya nje umntwana ekhula, wanikela uGrade na inkampani. Ngoko ke waba Lida. Ngokukhawuleza yena elinambini, waba polirovschitsey kumzi-mveliso ifanitshala. Kodwa nantsi sele kwaziwa, abanye baye beva ukucula yakhe ebandleni, abantu abaninzi baye bacelwe ukuba bacule umsebenzi abaselula kakhulu, kwaye endaweni ukunceda kwizabelo zakhe ngokupheleleyo.

Kwenye yezi Ikonsathi ngcono ndikuvile UNjingalwazi Saratov Conservatory Medvedev, oweza efektri nefanitshala. Wacela kwiiklasi italente entsha kwi somculo, kunye Lida isibini iminyaka kwiklasi yakhe. Apho wafumana iziseko yale mfundo zomculo.

Xa "imfazwe isiJamani" kule minyaka revolution

Njengoko ngakumbi waqhubeka ubomi bakhe noLidiya Andreevna Ruslanova? Ibali lobomi bakhe batshintsha kakhulu kunye kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ukuqala abaninzi baseRashiya balo bayamkela ngomdla. Ngapha koko, le nto babacokisela, imfazwe iRussia, eJamani, ekhawulelana neemfuno engqongqo ukuze ayeke uxinzelelo kwi Serbia, leyo ibisoloko waqonda njengelizwe lobuzalwana kunye sizana. Kucace ngokwemvelo, iliza jikelele yenzondelelo kubanjwa kwaLidiya. Kunzima ukulinda elinesithandathu, yona waqesha owayengumongikazi nguloliwe esibhedlele. Apha naye becula, kodwa ngenxa abalimele.

Xa unesi inkonzo yexesha isebenza umtshato wokuqala aluphumelelanga uLidiya. Elect yaba igosa yinzwana Vitaly Stepanov, owayeneminyaka kabini endala umfazi wakhe. Ngenxa yalo mtshato, uLidiya intwasahlobo ka-1917 unyana kwazalwa. Lydia wayemthanda umyeni wakhe wayefuna ubomi bentsapho oluqhelekileyo, kodwa emva kokuba Oktobha 1917 kuye kwaba nzima. eqaqambileyo kakhulu, imbonakalo semvukelo yeengcungcu yaba Vitaly Stepanov, ukuze ikwazi ukungena ebomini e yamaBolshevik Russia. Ngoko ke, ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba revolution, yena wawungasekho waza wathatha unyana wakhe kunye naye, eneneni wayiba kumama wakhe. Akukho ngaphezulu yena okanye unyana wakhe kwaLidiya akazange ambone.

Njengoko kakuhle kwixesha elizayo, ebudeni beMfazwe Civil, waphila noLidiya Andreevna Ruslanova? Biography kwakunxibelelene entsha Soviet Russia. INdoda-mbaleki wanyula lakhe, uLydia - yakhe. Ukususela ngo-1918, waba utyelelo kwi Red Army imikhosi inxalenye ekonsathini. kulapho izakhono zobungcali izakhono luncedo sifundile Saratov oko. ngomdlalo band, apho wayesebenza Ruslanova, ulonwabele nempumelelo efanayo. repertoire yakhe yayiquka neebhloko ezimbini ezinkulu ngoma: iingoma zizixhamlele "ruslanovskoy" ukutolikwa ezidolophini yokuqala,-ebizwa njalo .. ukuthandana bangqwabalala "ngokungqombela angcolise ubungangamsha nyanga," okanye "Loo nto ezibaleka unesibindi kathathu." Phakathi abayithandayo kwetalente ngaloo minyaka kwakubhalwe amaqhawe ezaziwayo-kakuhle kweMfazwe Civil, ezifana Mihail Budenny.

Ngexesha uhambo Ukraine Lydia edibana igosa lokhuseleko oselula UNahum Nauminym, eyaqhotyoshelwa ukukhuselwa imikhosi yazo konsathi. Kungekudala waba indoda yakhe, kunye umtshato yathatha phantse elishumi iminyaka.

Ngubani nto iya kuba yonke into

Ezi imigca umhobe wamaKomanisi "I-Internationale" zisebenza ngokupheleleyo ikamva Heroine zethu emva kweMfazwe Civil. Kunye nomyeni wakhe wafudukela eMoscow (Naumin wafumana isithuba izixhobo engundoqo ye-Cheka). Zinelungelo indawo obutofotofo, indoda ufumana umvuzo ophucukileyo. kuthathwe kakuhle basebenzise esi sipho isiphelo noLidiya Andreevna Ruslanova? biography lakhe ibonisa ukuba ngokupheleleyo. Yena liqalisa uthandana bume eMoscow Bohemia, ukuthatha izifundo ukucula iimvumi adumileyo Bolshoi Theatre, kwaye asathe gqolo ukubona. Amaninzi, oko Izakhiwo ezantsi, e Rostov-on-Don kunye nezinye iidolophu ezinkulu esemazantsi. Kukho awulambanga, embindini weRashiya, uluntu ityebile kwaye musa sinayo ukuthengwa amatikiti eekonsathi. Ruslanova wamkela imali kakuhle, ikhono lakhe elikhulu ngenxa yomsebenzi, lingenza Ikonsathi yonke imihla inyanga iphela.

Ngeli xesha, ekuqaleni yokuqokelela kwayo adumileyo imizobo, iincwadi ezinqabileyo, kwakudala nezacholo. intombi yamahlwempu baphela, umntu inkedama, akazange okanye indlu yakhe, okanye umsebenzi ophucukileyo, ngesiquphe uba lady osisityebi, kakuhle kwaye okunexabiso enxibe, iindwendwe iindwendwe, njalo ngesisa wawaphatha iindwendwe ezininzi Nauminym eMoscow (kwi breaks phakathi yohambo).

Khawusuk 'iintab ukuthandwa

Ngo-1929, uthi ukuqhelana kwakhe Mihailom Garkavi, nosaziwayo odumileyo nendlela bathi namhlanje, umphathi zobugcisa nobungcali. Ngexesha lo msebenzi yekonsathi Ruslanova wajika yaba kakhulu, ngolwimi mihla, bonisa ishishini, ngubani babeyifuna ngumququzeleli abanobuchule. Udinga umntu ezifana Garkavi, nokuba, nayo, yinkwenkwezi efana Ruslanova, xa undi yayo. Bobabini Kufuneka omnye komnye, yaye ngenxa yoko baye bagqiba ekubeni kumncedisa sibini, efikelela umfelandawonye yoyilo yaye kubalulekile. Naumin basiqonda yaye abazange kuphazamisana kwaLidiya. Ukuba umtshato ngoxolo.

Phantsi kwesikhokelo Garkavi umsebenzi yekonsathi-tour Ruslanova kwi-30 wafumana umda mkhulu, kuba iye yaba imvumi ngokwenene esidlangalaleni-yaziwa. Ngeles, ubhala neerekhodi zakhe. Ruslanova lahlokoma ngoko endlwini nganye, apho kwakukho irekhodi zikaJ ivame kusasazwa kwi All-Union Radio.

Omnye transmission weva yaye wayehlala elubhacweni Feodor Chaliapin. Waba engaziva italente yakhe ukucula kunye ilizwi, wanika Lidii Andreevne Sithi halala wam onyanisekileyo.

Ngokuba yonke udumo lwakhe, yena hayi "enkundleni" ye yimvumi Stalin, njengoko iimvumi ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle ixesha. Andizange nje iziganeko ezisemthethweni Ikonsathi phambi kokuba abameli parthoznomenklatury. Luphawu eyaziwa ngokuba sokumakishwa yayo ngenkalipho avakalisa yi Stalin ngokwakhe, naxa ikonsathi kwi yesicelo, ukusuka apho kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ukwala, inkokeli wamema ukuba etafileni yakhe size sinikele ukuthenga iziqhamo. Ngelo Lidiya Andreeva wathi yena ngokwakhe awulambanga, kodwa abantu bakubo ukusuka kummandla iVolga, ngubani lulambile, luphe into bekuya kuba mnandi. Emva koko eli iqhinga neziphumo zayo ngokukhawuleza nje, kodwa, njengoko nisazi, "yinkokeli yabantu bonke" akukho nto wakha kuvele ungabaxoleli nabani nantoni na.

Yena nabantu bakhe zonke iimvavanyo

Ruslanova noLidiya Andreevna, engobomi, ibali lobomi ukuba izifundo, ndawonye iingqondo zabantu bethu (ubuncinane isizukulwana omdala) ukusuka ngexesha lemfazwe. War for Ruslanova, njengokuba lonke abantu Russian, yaye ekugqibeleni waba vavanyo inkulu nokuqina amandla, yaye kwangaxeshanye waphakamisa yesazisi yakhe isikhundla uphawu lwesizwe. ngokuzidela, umsebenzi wakhe wazincama ngexesha yonke iminyaka imfazwe kuhlala ngonaphakade kwinkumbulo yabantu, nokuba memory akaba saba ukucima naziphi na amagunya ukulibala okanye iminyaka entolongweni, okanye uphuhliso olutsha post-imfazwe art kunye nobomi.

Image Ruslanova, ukwenza umgca ngaphambili ngoma ukuba amajoni ukuya kwinqanaba ngcono ngokohlobo umzimba 'lori "enamacala isongiwe, waqala kwimemori ye izizukulwana zoonyana ingumqondiso uphawu efanayo imfazwe, ezifana iibhaloni esibhakabhakeni phezu Moscow, a imiqadi bawela of zokukhanyisa okanye anti" neencanda " kwi-nye. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba akukho yala magcisa belo xesha akazange ukunika amandla ngaphambili kangaka, akaqhotyoshelwanga Kwadlula amakhulu amawaka eekhilomitha phezu kweendlela ngaphambili-line kwiminyaka emine imfazwe njengoko Ruslanova. Ukuba kunikwa ndili Marshal zhukov ku Meyi 2, 1945 ikhonsati amanyathelo Reichstag wonakaliswa eBerlin. Kunye nemithetho kunye kwenyeindawo aphezulu lwembono, kukuba imfazwe ngokwayo kwamnceda, ezimashumi mane anambini, ukuba sele watshata izihlandlo ezithathu, abafazi yangempela, uthando lwabo kangaka elide kulindelekile.

Ngowe-1942, yena waquqa kwindawo yokuqala Guards-Calvary lweSizwe, owawukhokelwa Jikelele Vladimir Kryukov, owayesakuba hussar akhaliphileyo ye leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, a owenkawu wamahashe ebomvu imfazwe yamakhaya yaye, ekugqibeleni, lo jikelele Enkulu Patriotic War. Wena uthi la mazwi Mihaila Bulgakova ukuba uthando behlaselwa yintshabalaliso ngebhaqo, kwasekuqaleni ngemela kwi nasezirhangeni. kuthandana kwabo phambili ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba kuphela wavuma ukutshata xa ukudibana kuqala.

Michael Garkavi wabonisa nesisa waphumela bucala, ukuhlala umhlobo olungileyo uLidiya Andreevna de kube sekupheleni imihla yakhe. Yena waba umfazi enikelwe Jikelele Kryukov nokukhathalela Kukhuthazwa unina neentombi zakhe ezintlanu kuphela uMargot, ogama mama wasweleka phambi kokuba imfazwe.

case indebe

NoLidiya Andreevna Ruslanova, engobomi kunye iingoma leyo eboniswe ngokucacileyo ubuni balo lokwenyaniso character yesizwe Russian, ubunzima enye intlungu eyoyikekayo emva kwemfazwe, kodwa walahlekelwa inkululeko yayo iminyaka embalwa. Yenzeka njani le nto? Kukho yesuka yaba ibhola olwandeleyo iqhina enkulu ephikisanayo ezingasetyenziswanga amashumi eminyaka, kuye "chipped" amandla ngoozwilakhe kaStalin nayo yonke inkohlakalo zayo kunye nokuzimisela.

Yintoni na le ntswela? Okokuqala, phakathi ubukhazikhazi, yaxela eziphambili zengqondo ezizinzululwazi ukulingana bonke abemi Soviet kunye nokungalingani abo aluhlaza enyanisweni, ukudalwa kwamathuba iqela, elite kwezoqoqosho kunye zomkhosi lizwe ukuba azityebise nokuqinisekisa izinga lokuphila odolo ezininzi ephezulu kunolo ubunzima ezingundoqo abemi. Emva kwemfazwe, le ntswela nto nje ukukhala, kuba iinjengele Soviet emva kokoyisa kwakhe zibethelelwe ubutyebi yakhe enkulu, ubanjwe yokulahla amagunya umsebenzi eJamani kunye naseMpuma Europe. imisebenzi nanto yobugcisa, kwakudala, izacholo yaqala ukugcwalisa nemiqolomba kunye zokuhlala yamagosa Soviet ezininzi iinjengele, kubandakanywa abathetheli phezulu emkhosini. I kwakungekho ngaphandle kunye Jikelele Kryukov, kunye indima ebalulekileyo beqokelela ubutyebi iinjengele sibini idlalwe noLidiya Ruslanova ihlangene zayo phakathi kwamagcisa kunye ukuqonda kakuhle amandla ixabiso into.

Ekuqaleni, Stalin kunye nendawo yakhe ekufuphi kuya ezopolitiko musani lusiphazamise, yaye wakhuthaza phindiwe, kodwa kuphela Committe intshukumo yingqondi wamacebo obhityileyo yezopolitiko. Okwenzeka (yi iinkonzo zokhuseleko), ezifana iinjengele Soviet ubunewunewu ayegqunyelelwe ezininzi, wayede izandla balindele yokuba nako ebayala nenkohlakalo yokuziphatha kunye nokusebenzisa kakubi ngokwesini. Ngapha koko, woyika xa emehlweni iyelenqe nxamnye naye kunye norhulumente bakhe. Kwaye akunaloyiko Kwasekwa kakuhle. Uninzi iinjengele imfazwe ezidlulileyo angamxoleli ingcinezelo Stalin i-pre-imfazwe, ayesithi unetyala ekubulaleni okuhlazisayo iminyaka emibini yokuqala yemfazwe, siye sazama ukuba balahle bentshontsho ukuwa okuyintlonti benkokeli. Kodwa abanye kubo ukonakalisa ngokwabo, ngokuthwala amaxabiso indebe kunye nokwenza rhoqo oko ngokudlula nokuba iinkqubo abathembekileyo kakhulu esemthethweni. Kwaye Stalin akazange asilele bazuze kuso.

iqela elikhulu iinjengele namagosa bavalelwa ekwindla ka-1948, ikakhulu ngenxa inani namanye Marshal zhukov xa imikhosi umsebenzi weqela lakhe eJamani. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho Vladimir Kryukov. Ngamini-nye naye wabanjwa kwaye tour e Kazan noLidiya Ruslanova (kwakunye ezimbini accompanist yakhe othile, kunjalo, "kuba inkampani").

"Ngamana uThixo ubanike ilizwe lakho wena na yakhaba ... beetle-isityumzi"

Yintoni watyholwa noLidiya Ruslanova? Biography ziyenze kwacaca njalo, kwaye ngoko ke imvelaphi sabasebenzi, ebonakala kakhulu kuyo, amabango ngoko ke "amalungu" notorious kufuneka abe. Ngoko ke, ukongezelela izityholo umgangatho ze anti-yiSoviet, yena owatyholwa ukusebenzisa ipropati lendebe. Kulapho "lunxano auknulos 'zokuhlala, nto leyo ekuqaleni wakhuthaza kolawulo kaStalin ngokwayo, yaye emva koko kwi-akhawunti yakhe, azivelele yaso, nokuba ntshaba ecingelwayo.

Ke okona kubalulekileyo, yintoni efuna abacuphi - oko ukhankanyiwe phantsi kophando yalelani zhukov. Waba njongo iphambili yonke le siganeko ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ukuze ngetyala kwayo, Lidii Ruslanovoy kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba enze ngesidima ukujongana akaphumanga isazela. Kunjalo enokuthethwa Jikelele Kryukov, lowo lokungangcungcuthekiswa eKGB ogcino entolongweni njengoko iminyaka emine, waza wagwetywa iminyaka engama-25 kuphela 50 ekuqaleni.

Lidiyu Ruslanovu yi sigwebo kodwa amaxabiso kuthinjwa, kunye anqunyulwe yonke ipropati ukuba sele efunde kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu nzima eqongeni. Walibamba ingqokelela mizobo abaculi Russian (ngoko ke wabuyela), ifenitshala, kwakudala, iincwadi ezinqabileyo, yaye ngaphezu kwako konke, ibhokisi yeedayimane, apho yaqokelelwa ukususela kwixesha revolution. Ukuze ukuphosa isigwebo sokuvalelwa entolongweni ukuya kuye nomyeni wakhe Jikelele Kryukov, ngaphandle amanqaku ibhanile yoLwaphulo Code of the RSFSR 58-10 "ubuxoki anti-eSoviet", oko isicelo umthetho notorious "On spikelets" ngoFebruwari 7, 1932, nto leyo wakufanelekela ubusela imisebenzi counter-revolution .

kweminyaka emihlanu noLidiya Ruslanova wanyamalala. Nakuphi na ukukhankanywa kwegama lakhe zipapashwa kunomathotholo wayeka. A rumor nzo waqalisa ukusasaza eluntwini ukuba Ruslanova kunye nomyeni wakhe baye 'ukuba bunzima iphela. " Ngelo xesha yena echithwayo kule minyaka, ekuqaleni phantsi Ozerlag Taishet, kwaye ngoko ke odumileyo Vladimir Central (bazama omnye oonogada kweminquba owabhala ngesiqalekiso Ruslanova kunye Camp ikhokelela ukuphazamiseka eSoviet).

Emva kokufa kukaStalin kunye Beria icala kwakhona abahlala anendima zhukov wabuza umbuzo we tyala Kryukov kunye Ruslanova. Esi sibini kwimeko yesiqhelo kanye yokuqala izigidi amabanjwa Gulag. Babuyela eMoscow ngo-Agasti 1953.

isiphelo

Emva kokuba inkululeko Ruslanova waphila eminye iminyaka engama-20, ukusinda iminyaka 14 indoda yakhe, yaye akazange kwakhona ukusuka kwimiphumo nxaniso. Uye waya kuloo ndawo, wathi waquqa kwakhona efunyenwe kakuhle. Kuko konke oku wahlala, njengoko kunjalo kude kwicala jikelele zophuhliso umculo Soviet, akazange afune ukuba kwanokuphucula repertoire abo baqhubeka ukwenza izinxibo abantu bemveli. Abaninzi ke istayile sakhe kwabonakala akudala, kodwa Ruslanova wahlala enyanisekile ngokwayo yaye zaphakade, ngoku njengoko sele libonakele, enzulu lobuciko.

Oko kuthetha ukuba igama yanamhlanje Russian - Ruslanova noLidiya Andreevna? Biography, PIU bhanya zayo kuphela elifutshane, musa ukunika umfanekiso opheleleyo italente yakhe, malunga iqondo ngokuthandwa phakathi kwabantu ngexesha lakhe. Kodwa kukho irekhodi elimgcinayo kuyo izwi elikhulu, isimbo elikhethekileyo yokusebenza. Phulaphula kubo, umfundi. Kwaye ukuba une entliziyweni yakho i "umtya Russian" kakhulu okhankanywe yi Turgenev e 'iimvumi' yakhe, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kusabela ilizwi Ruslanova.