Ngubani owavela kusungulwe? Yiyiphi nyaka khange yenzeke le nto?

Imbonakalo telegraphs kwaba intuthuko kwiteknoloji. Nayo kwakunokwenzeka ukuba yokudlulisela imiqondiso ezahlukeneyo kunye nemiyalezo. Yintoni unyaka owavela kusungulwe? Ngubani na umbhali wayo? Funda ngayo kweli nqaku.

ziimbaxa

Man ngokuthi kwezentlalo, kusoloko kufuneka ukunxibelelana ngohlobo lwazo. Nkqu kumaxesha amandulo, kusukela ngomzuzu abantu ndawonye ngokwamaqela amancinane, kukho imfuneko ukuze inkqubo alarm. Wadlula umyalezo, osisilumkiso ingozi.

Ngoko ke, enye yeendlela zindala yokosulela Oluphawu isandi. Kwi indlela iintshaba walumkisa, bexelisa izandi endalo, ezifana iintaka ntsholo imnandi, izikhova ekhala. kwekhabhoni Sound nokusebenzisa isigodlo okanye izixhobo zomculo. Enye indlela ephumelelayo ukudlulisa umqondiso - oko umlilo. Nguye kweli xesha lethu kunokuba luncedo, silahlekelwe ehlathini abazizithulu abakhenkethi.

Kunye nophuhliso loluntu, oko kwakufuneka yindlela esebenza kakhulu yaye ezintsha umkhosi esandleni sakhe. Waza wabonakala. Okulandelayo, zama ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani owavela kusungulwe. Concept kuthetha transmission yocingo kuthetha ngokusebenzisa amajelo onxibelelwano yomqondiso. Ezi imigudu kuba amaza erediyo okanye iintambo. Igama elithi wabumba amazwi ulwimi isiGrike - ". Ukubhala" tele kunye grapho, bona bubonakala "kude" yaye Igama elithi "ifowuni" yaye "telex 'abe imvelaphi efanayo.

Ngubani kuqala owavela kusungulwe?

Kokuba kusungulwe lokuqala zokukhanyisa. Akwaziwa owasungula kusungulwe. amanqaku okubhaliwe indlela baqala ivele ekuseni kakhulu. Ke phakathi kwabo abo owavela kusungulwe, ngokuqinisekileyo sesayensi IsiNgesi Hooke. wabonisa kwangethuba 1684 njengesixhobo sakhe. Xa intliziyo indlela le bar slider kunye izangqa, nto leyo kubonakala ezikude.

Njengoko kusetyenziswa Telegraph helio okubonakalayo. Ekuqaleni yasekwa ngo-1778 phakathi zakhiwo ze Greenwich kunye Paris. Helio ngokuqhelekileyo oko kubekwe phezu kwento, yaye ngaphakathi kuso kwakukho sisipili encinane. Uphawu sisasazwa ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya, leyo ifunyenwe xa sesixhobo axis. Umbhali yesi sixhobo kunzima ukubiza, kodwa eyona nto lidumile phakathi emkhosini, nkqu kwinkulungwane XIX.

semaphore

Ngowe-1792, engumFrentshi Klod Shapp wasungula woqondo kusungulwe-ezifana indlela heliograph. Uphawu sigqithiswe kukhanya yemisebe semaphore. Zininzi izakhiwo ezifanayo ubude bafakwa phambi kwenye nenye. Baba semaphores, kunye nabantu esebenzayo kubo.

Sele 1794, endleleni ukusuka eParis Lille kwizitishi 22 efakwe nge semaphores. Kwi ukudluliselwa umqondiso kwathabatha malunga-2 nemizuzu. Le nkqubo kweesiginali iye zithandwa kakhulu. kungekudala zazakhiwe kunye nezinye izikhululo. Uphawu usasazwa ugqithiselwa achaneke ngaphezu iinqanawa kunye uphawu umsi.

Chappe wasungula inkqubo ezizodwa khowudi. Ngomhla semaphore tye amalungiselelo imicu. Uyatyhiliza okanye idityaniswe, zakha umzobo othile, ngalinye kufanekisela unobumba we-alfabhethi. Ngomzuzu omnye, kwenzeka ukudlulisela amagama amabini.

yocingo electric

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII, abaphandi kunye nabasunguli basafunda ngeempawu umbane. Ufifi kwaye isicelo kwi kusungulwe. Ngowe-1774, uGeorge Lesage wadala kusungulwe lokuqala electrostatic. Kamva uSamuweli Semmering wasungula indlela electrochemical kunye amaqamza igesi ngaphakathi.

Ngowe-1832, uPawulos Schilling ufumana kwabo owasungula kusungulwe electromagnetic. Xa isilika imisonto lokusila iinaliti ezintlanu nosiba ukuhambisa ohlobo ngaphakathi entwined ucingo. Isalathiso sizimisele ulwalathiso yangoku apho ihamba nosiba. Transfer kunokuba zombini oonobumba kunye neenamba.

Kanye emva Schilling kwalandela uthotho lwezinto ezifanayo yi GAUSS kunye Weber baseJamani, amaNgesi Cook kunye Watson. Kodwa patent ukuze kusungulwe magnetic waya kuSamuweli Morse, njengokuba yena wayengekho iswitshi, kunye nohlobo ngoomatshini. Kamva, umakhi weza ehlabathini-edumileyo ikhowudi uphawu - ikhowudi worse.

telautograph

Yemvelo evela eSkotlani wafudukela amanyathelo aliqela phambili. Aleksandr Beyn waba ngowokuqala owasungula Telegraph, ekwaziyo yokudlulisela imifanekiso. Isixhobo wabonakala ngowe-1843 yaye igama "iTelephoto". Yena kucingwa ukuba ube ngukhokho le fax.

Italian Caselli kudala ezifana fyabo izixhobo bane aqalise imveliso mass. imifanekiso ukudlulisa ivanishi ezizodwa okanye imizobo kwi ngefoyile ye phambili. Lo matshini Izinto efundekayo lize lizidlulisele ephepheni electrochemically. imifuziselo Kamva iTelephoto nokuba isetyenziselwa imveliso neemephu.

yocingo wireless

Ngowe-1895, uhlobo olutsha ngokupheleleyo kusungulwe kwaboniswa eRashiya, ebizwa ngokuba "isibonisi storm". Ngubani owavela kusungulwe wireless? Le Umsunguli yaba nzulu esidumileyo Alexander Popov. Eyona njongo ephambili ukubhalisa amaza erediyo indlela oluvelisa phambi uqhwithela.

Enyanisweni, yaba kunomathotholo yokuqala yehlabathi. Ziswa imodeli yokuqala "Isalathisi storm" sele iphunyelelwe ukuba signal ngokufihlisa ikhowudi worse, wapasiswa ngqo headphones ukuya kwicala siwamkelayo umyalezo. Popov Le fowuni iye isetyenziswe ukwenzela unxibelelwano phakathi iinqanawa elunxwemeni ngempumelelo. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimicimbi yasemkhosini.

A ixesha elitsha

A nqanaba entsha kuphuhliso telegraphs eza 1872, emva kokuba kusungulwe Jean Bodo sisiqalo-stop yocingo. Ngenxa kuye, ukuba kwenzeka ukuthumela imiyalezo ezininzi kwicala elinye.

Ngowe-1930, iyunithi igqibe dialers Bodo kwidiski. Zazifana amavili zethu njengesiqhelo Ukudayela phones abadala. Ngoku ungakhankanya umfowunelwa olubhekiswe myalezo. Loo isixhobo ubizwa ngokuba "ngetheleprinta". Kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini jikelele ziye uqale ukuseka iinkqubo zesizwe yababhalisi kweentambo. uthungelwano ezinjalo zivelile, ezifana eJamani, UK, USA.

Kungoku nje, kusungulwe wayeselapho. Kodwa, Kakade, iiteknoloji ezintsha kudala isikhundla endaweni "retrosistem".