Ngezimbo izimbo zolwimi kunye nentetho. izimbo zolwimi esebenzayo

ULwimi olwAndisekayo lweStyleSheet - na uhlobo, ezo olunye okanye kwelinye icala kubomi. Bonke babe izicwangciso ezaziqhele: injongo okanye ukusetyenziswa imeko, indlela apho zinqongophele khona, kunye uluhlu lwezixhobo lweelwimi.

Kwaloo nto livela elithi "stilos" isiGrike, nto leyo lalithetha induku le leta. Njengendlela yokuziqeqesha lwezenzululwazi zimilile kwi indlela le eko zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Phakathi kwabo baye bahlola ngokucokisekileyo iingxaki stylistics, waba M. V. Lomonosov, F. Buslaev, G. O. Vinokur, E. D. Polivanov. ingqalelo enzulu ihlawulwe izimbo ngamnye olusebenzayo D. E. Rosenthal, uV Vinogradov, M. N. Kozhina kunye nabanye.

Five izimbo zentetho ngolwimi Russian

izimbo zolwimi esebenzayo - imisebenzi ethile ye intetho ngokwayo, okanye iintlobo zayo kwezentlalo, isigama esithile kunye negrama, leyo bahambelana somxholo kunye nendlela yokucinga.

In Russian, ke ngokwesithethe zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintlanu:

• esezantsi;
• ushishino olusemthethweni;
• umphandi;
• yekhasi;
• Art.

Standards nesigama ngamnye kuxhomekeke era kwimbali utshintsho ngokuhamba kwexesha. De kwinkulungwane XVII isigama Indies kwaye bookish wayehluke kakhulu. ulwimi Russian waba lemfundo kuphela kwinkulungwane XVIII, sibulela kakhulu yemigudu M. V. Lomonosova. Modern uhlobo ulwimi waqala ukubonakala ngexesha elifanayo.

Ukuzalwa izimbo

Xa ixesha mandulo kwakukho iincwadi ecaweni, amaxwebhu zoshishino kunye yeziKronike. ulwimi oluthethwayo ngemihla eyahlukileyo ndivuma ngokwaneleyo. Kwangaxeshanye, amaxwebhu basekhaya ishishini banezinto ezininzi abafana ngazo. M. V. Lomonosov wenze ukutshintsha imeko kakhulu umgudu.

Yena wabeka isiseko ingcamango yamandulo, egxininisa uhlobo eziphakamileyo, ephantsi ephakathi. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ulwimi Russian zoncwadi kwamiswa ngenxa uphuhliso odibeneyo ncwadi kunye ezahlukeneyo Indies. Wathabatha njengesiseko Iifomu stylistically cala namazwi omnye kunye nomnye, wavumela ukusetyenziswa amabinzana zabantu kunye evumela ukusetyenziswa Slavonicisms kancinane waziwa ethile. Ngenxa izimbo zolwimi M. V. Lomonosovu ezikhoyo ngoko zenzululwazi kwakhona.

Kamva, A. S. Pushkin wabanika amandla okuqhubela kuphuhliso olungaphezulu isimbo. umsebenzi wakhe wabeka isiseko isimbo zobugcisa.

Imiyalelo eMoscow kunye nenguqulo kaPetros imvelaphi yolwimi-ushishino olusemthethweni. Yemihla yamandulo, neentshumayelo neemfundiso yenza isiseko kwesimbo journalistic. Kulo version boncwadi, kwaye kwaqalisa ukuba imilo kuphela kwinkulungwane XVIII. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zonke 5 izimbo zolwimi ahonjiswe kakhulu ngokucacileyo yaye zenyathi zabo.

nendlu okuxoxa

Nanjengoko igama layo lixela, le isimbo intetho esetyenziswa kunxibelelwano zemihla ngemihla. Mu kuya kwa nshita anzima zomthonyama, busekelwe phezu Lexicon zoncwadi. nobukhulu bayo - imeko apho kungekho ubudlelwane ecacileyo ezisemthethweni phakathi kwamaqela. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kusetyenziswa amagama ikakhulu cala kunye namabinzana (umzekelo, "blue", "ihashe", "ekhohlo"). Kodwa unako ukusebenzisa amagama bathetha imibala ( "besifazane", "yokungabikho kwexesha").

uthethe ngaphakathi zenyathi ezintathu: obihodno-nkonzo, ishishini-obihodno kunye epistolary. Le yokugqibela ziquka imbalelwano labucala. Ekudla ngokuba, ishishini - ukhetho ukunxibelelana ngendlela indlela esesikweni. izimbo zolwimi zoshishino cebetshu esemthethweni (isifundo okanye isifundo unako ukukhonza omnye umzekelo njengokuba) ngendlela ethile, oku zenyathi yahlulwe phakathi kwabo, njengoko ekunokuthiwa, kwaye apho kanye apho.

unxibelelwano sesikweni ivumela ukwazana, ibinzana yayibathanda wayicola, kwakunye namagama izimamva okulinganisa (umz "domische", "bunny", "uqhayisayo"). Okuxoxa ikhaya kunokuba kukhanyiseleka kakhulu nentamo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa phraseology kunye namagama ngumthunzi ezichazayo ngokwasemoyeni ( "ukuthamba", "blizehonko", "amanye", "bahanahanisi", "yubchonka").

Luphawu kusetyenziswa cuts ezahlukeneyo - "enganelisiyo", "yezigulane", "ubisi yinto enye". ulwimi oluthethwayo kulula nencwadi - engafanelekanga ukusetyenziswa participles kunye, igrafu, izivakalisi ezimbaxa multipartite. Ngokubanzi, oku isimbo ukuxuma boncwadi, kodwa ngelo xesha efanayo awohluke yayo.

style zesayensi

Yena, ngokunjalo ushishino olusemthethweni, kuba ngqongqo kakhulu ekukhetheni amagama namabinzana kabukhali linciphise umda weli obuvumelekileyo. style Scientific ulwimi Russian akavumi lwaso, kwiintetho, amabinzana Indies, amagama ukuncwasa ngokweemvakalelo. Ilwela nqanaba yenzululwazi kunye noshishino.

Ekubeni injongo imibhalo yenzululwazi - ukubeka iziphumo zophando, izibakala njongo, yenza amabango ukuba ukwakhiwa kwawo kunye amagama asetyenziswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukulandelelana ntetho imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• intshayelelo - ingxelo ingxaki, iinjongo, nobhobhozayo,
• main okuyingxenye - ubuphanda nokulungisa leenketho, hypothesis umzobo, ubungqina;
• Ekugqibeleni - ukuphendula umbuzo le njongo.

Imveliso kweli hlobo yakhiwe kwaye nenengqondo, oko bakhonza iindidi ezimbini ulwazi: izibakala, waza ke, njengoko umbhali amalungiselelo abo.

uhlobo ulwimi Scientific kwenza ukusetyenziswa kakhulu ngokoMthetho, isimaphambili elwayo, in-, quasi-, lite -skeleton Isimamva, omkhu, okanye ucebo-e (izilwa-buhlungu, eguquguqukayo, supernova, ubomi ungenzi nto, imiqondiso, ngezakhi). Ngaphezu koko, amagama azikho ngokwazo - zakha womnatha oluntsonkothileyo kubudlelwane kunye neenkqubo: ukusuka jikelele ukuya ethile, ukususela siphela iindawo, ukuzichaza uhlobo / udidi / izichasi, njalo-njalo.

criteria Essential ezifana umbhalo - iinxa zonke, nokuchaneka. Ukwenza ngaphandle ngokweemvakalelo kuhlawuliswa ulwimi, isikhuzo, amanani na intetho, akufanelekanga apha ukukhokela ibali umntu wokuqala. Ukuchaneka unxulunyaniswa imiqathango. Njengoko umzekeliso, i ngcali kwincwadi Anatoliya Fomenko, "Iindlela uhlalutyo Mathematical zezicatshulwa zembali."

The degree of "entsonkothileyo" yetekisi lwenzululwazi ixhomekeke ubukhulu becala abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo kunye nenjongo - lowo kujongwe imveliso, ukuba ukwazi kangakanani yezizathu ukuba aba bantu, nokuba baya kuba nako ukuqonda oko busengozini. Kucacile ukuba Kwimeko enjalo, ngathi isifundo esikolweni ulwimi Russian, intetho, nezimbo intetho kufuneka ilula, yaye intetho ukulungiselela izifundo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo aphezulu ziya ukwaneza kunye nesigama kwesayensi.

Kakade ke, umdlalo enkulu indima kunye neminye imiba - umxholo (ngolwimi lobuchwepheshe inzululwazi engqongqo kunye nalawulwa ngaphezu kwicala lezingluntu) uhlobo.

Ngaphakathi kule isimbo kukho iimfuno engqongqo yobhaliso yomsebenzi obhalwayo: master kunye zobugqirha theses, monographs, izincoko.

Substyles bokuqonda kunye nentetho lwezenzululwazi

Ukongeza uphando kanye, ukubeka subgenres kwezenzululwazi-zemfundo ngenzululwazi ziwayo-kakhulu. Nganye isetyenziselwa injongo ethile ngenxa abaphulaphuli ethile. Ezi izimbo zolwimi - imizekelo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ezifana ekuhambeni zonxibelelwano imbonakalo.

Uphando Training sub-ntlobo - uhlobo of version ukukhanya isimbo ezingundoqo, apho ncwadi ibhalwe abo aba nayiqalayo nje ukuba ukuhlola indawo entsha. Abameli - iincwadi zezifundo kwizikolo eziphakamileyo, iikholeji, isikolo (school ephakamileyo), inxalenye self-uncedo, nezinye iincwadi, yenzelwe kwabasaqalayo (emva koku - an ngcali kwincwadi yokufunda psychology kwizikolo eziphakamileyo: ababhali Slastenin V. Isayev AI nabanye, "Pedagogy Incwadi .. ").

Scientific ziwayo-sub-ntlobo - lula ukuqonda kunezinye ezimbini. injongo yawo - ukucacisa ukuba abaphulaphuli iinyaniso ezintsonkothileyo neenkqubo ulwimi olulula noluqondakalayo. iintyilalwazi Various "101 inyani malunga ..." ezibhalwe nguye.

ushishino olusemthethweni

kakhulu ngokusemthethweni entlobo 5 ulwimi Russian. Isetyenziswa unxibelelwano phakathi States kwakunye namaziko kunye nabanye kunye nabemi. Yindlela yonxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu emsebenzini, kwimibutho, kwicandelo inkonzo, ngaphakathi ukusebenzisa izibophelelo yabo esemthethweni.

style ishishini esemthethweni libhekisela ncwadi kokubhala, kusetyenziswa iitekisi yemithetho, imiyalelo, izivumelwano, izenzo, amagunya zegqwetha kunye namaxwebhu efanayo. Le fom ngomlomo isetyenziswa kweentetho, iingxelo, yonxibelelwano sikhokelo ubudlelwane bokusebenzisana a.

Amacandelo style esemthethweni

Kudidi ngokubanzi ichonge sub-ntlobo:

• Zomthetho. Isetyenziswa ngomlomo nangokubhaliweyo, imithetho, imimiselo, izigwebo, imiyalelo, iileta explanatory, izindululo, nemiyalelo, izimvo kubekiwe nokusebenza. Ngomlomo izandi ngexesha lengxoxo yasepalamente kunye nezibheno.
• Esemthethweni - ikhona kwiintlobo zomlomo nezibhaliweyo, ezisetyenziswa indictments, kwezigqibo, kuvumelana ukubanjwa, izigwebo, izibheno, izenzo yenkqubo. Ukongezelela, oko weva kwiingxoxo enkundla, iingxoxo ulwamkelo abemi 'njalo njalo. D.
• Administrative - ngokubhala yaqaphela imiyalelo, nemimiselo, izigqibo, izivumelwano, abasebenzi kunye inshorensi izivumelwano, iileta ezisemthethweni, ezikhalazo ezahlukeneyo, iithelegram, ithe yathanda, iimemoranda, angobomi, iingxelo, iirisithi, amaxwebhu yokuthumela. Ifom ngomlomo lolawulo sub-genres - odolo, kwifkunyeesi, thethwano zorhwebo, iintetho kwi namatheko, kwifkunyeesi, iintlanganiso, etc ...
• Amanxusa. Olu hlobo ngencwadi ebhaliweyo anokufunyanwa ngokohlobo zivumelwano, iindibano, izivumelwano, iminqophiso, iiprotokoli, amanqaku zobuqu. Le fom lomlomo - yimbalelwano, iimemorandam, iingxelo ngokudibeneyo.

Indlela-ushishino olusemthethweni amabinzana iseti asetyenziswe ngokusebenzayo umngeni imibutho kunye nezibizo ngomlomo:

• esekelwe kwi ...
• ngokuvumelana ...
• ngokusekelwe ...
• ngenxa ...
• ngenxa ...
• ngenxa ...

izimbo zolwimi zoshishino kuphela yenzululwazi kunye esemthethweni ifomu ecacileyo kunye nesakhiwo. Kulo mzekelo, isicelo, iCV, imemo, ikhadi yesazisi, isatifiketi somtshato kunye nabanye.

Kuba style lubonakala ngokuba ilizwi cala kwembaliso, umyalelo igama ngqo, izivakalisi ezimbaxa, kwenziwe ngobulumko, conciseness, ukungabikho sobuntu. Luphawu kusetyenziswa isigama esikhethekileyo, izifinyezo, isigama ezizodwa phraseology. Enye inkalo ephambili - ayiyontetho yemihla ngemihla.

publicistic

izimbo zolwimi ezisebenzayo esikhethekileyo kakhulu. Journalistic - akukho ngaphandle. Oku lusetyenziswe nakwabeendaba, uncwadi zoluntu yaye ngamaxesha athile, ngelo xesha ukwenza kwezopolitiko, sesigwebo. Amaninzi ingafunyanwa kwi zesampulu iinkqubo kunomathotholo nakumabonakude, amanqaku amaphephandaba, iimagazini, amaphetshana, awanalo.

Ukufunda senzelwe ababukeli, ngoko kukho kunqabile wafumana ngokwemiqathango ethile, yaye ukuba kukho na, bafuna ukucacisa kumbhalo efanayo. It ikhona kuphela kwintetho nokubhala - ikwafunyanwa kufota, ifilim, graphic kunye yayingumfuziselo, kumabala emidlalo, usinga kunye nefomu ngomlomo-somculo.

uhlobo Journalistic lolwimi linemisebenzi emibini engundoqo: ulwazi kunye nempembelelo. Umsebenzi wokuqala - ukuze abonise abantu izibakala. Okwesibini - ukwenza uluvo ekunene, ukuphembelela ngokoluvo ziganeko. umsebenzi Ulwazi kufuna ingxelo data credible nangokuchanekileyo umdla hayi kuphela umbhali, kodwa umfundi. Ukwenza njengoko kwavela uluvo ngayo umbhali, iminxeba yakhe inyathelo, kwaye nendlela ntetho.

Ngaphandle ezithile kule isimbo esithile; kukho ulwimi eqhelekileyo imisebenzi ngokubanzi: ngokunxibelelana, ekhululekile kunye nobugcisa.

umsebenzi ukuxhumana

Unxibelelwano - eziphambili ingxaki jikelele zolwimi, esizibonakalisa kuzo zonke iintlobo zalo kunye nezimbo. Ngokupheleleyo zonke iintlobo entlobo zolwimi kunye nentetho Imisebenzi boqhagamshelwano. Xa ndima izicatshulwa efanayo kunye nokwenziwa zilungiselelwe ababukeli, impendulo liphunyezwa ngeeleta kunye neefoni readers, iingxoxo zephaneli, udliwano-ndlebe. Oku kufuna ukuba itekisi yayicacile kwaye lula abafundi ukuze baqonde.

umsebenzi ekhululekile

Okubhaliweyo journalistic ibonakale ukuba ungubani umbhali wayo, nto leyo ukuveza isimo sabo ukuba iziganeko, ukwabelana kuluvo lwabo. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo umbhali iqondo ezahlukeneyo inkululeko - nesithukuthezi wendlela kwiphetshana okanye igqubo host, kodwa ngobubele kwinqaku ulwazi okanye ukukhululwa iindaba.

Nkulumo kufuneka uye ngaphaya kwemida efanelekileyo - kuyimfuneko ukuba bahloniphe imithetho inkcubeko yokuthetha kunye amazwi iimvakalelo akanakuba injongo kuphela.

Umsebenzi ubuhle

Kuzo zonke izimbo 5 sentetho ulwimi Russian, lo msebenzi wenziwa kuphela kubini. Xa iitekisi zoncwadi ubuhle lidlala indima ebalulekileyo yintatheli indima yayo kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu. Noko ke, ukufunda okanye ukuphulaphula kakuhle yenzelwe, ndacinga kakuhle ngaphandle, itekisi elungeleleneyo esizaziyo kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kungakuhle ukuba banikele ingqalelo umgangatho ubuhle kuyo nayiphi na kwezi.

Genre of yintatheli

Ngaphakathi indlela engundoqo cell ezininzi neentlobo ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu:

• intetho oratorical;
• iphamflethi;
• lesincoko;
• ingxelo;
• lampoon;
• udliwano-ndlebe;
• iphepha kunye nabanye.

Ngamnye kubo asetyenziswa kwimiba neemeko ezithile: iphamflethi njengohlobo lwe imisebenzi zobugcisa journalistic lidla sibhekiswe party ethile, into zentlalo okanye inkqubo yezopolitiko ngokubanzi, ingxelo - umyalezo ngokukhawuleza buso kuloo ndawo, eli nqaku - uhlobo apho umbhali it ihlaziya iziganeko ezithile, izibakala, kwaye sibanika zovavanyo zazo kunye nentsingiselo.

style art

Zonke ngezimbo izimbo zolwimi kunye nentetho ichazwa ngendlela yobuciko. Linikeza iimvakalelo kunye neengcinga ze umbhali, ichaphazela ukuyila umfundi lowo. Isebenzisa zonke izixhobo ezinye iintlobo, iyantlukwano nobutyebi ulwimi, luphawulwa imifanekiso, imvakalelo, intetho ijolise. Lusetyenziswa uncwadi.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule style ubuhle - apha ke, ngokuchaseneyo ubuntatheli, into efunekayo.

Kukho iintlobo ezine entlobo zobugcisa zezi:

• ibonwe;
• lyrical;
• Drama;
• zidityanisiwe.

Nganye kwezi kwisizukulwana lube indlela yayo yokubonisa msitho. Ukuba sithethe ngayo lo amaqhawe, apho kuya kubakho ibali ikakhulu eneenkcukacha malunga isifundo okanye isiganeko xa umbhali ngokwakhe okanye umntu yabalinganiswa kuza kwenza indima umbalisi.

Le ngxelo lyrical ijolise ecinga ukuba siganeko washiya umbhali. Nanga amava eziphambili, ezenzekayo ehlabathini engaphakathi yintoni.

Indlela Salo imele isifundo esithile kwintshukumo, bembonisa engqongwe kwezinye izinto kunye neziganeko. Ithiyori ezi kwisizukulwana abathathu zezethu V. G. Belinskomu. In ifomu "olunyulu", nganye kwezi kunqabile. Kutshanje, abanye ababhali ukuchonga uhlobo olunye - zidityanisiwe.

Kwelinye icala, eyindumasi, lyric, iindlela encotsheni nenkcazelo ngeziganeko kunye nezifundo zahlulwe neentlobo: iintsomi, amabali, ibali elifutshane, inoveli, ode, idrama, umbongo, comedy kunye nangaphezulu.

Indlela bokubeka lolwimi uneempawu zawo:

• Lisebenzisa indibanisela kwezibonelelo kweelwimi nezinye iindlela;
• ifomu, isakhiwo, ulwimi, izixhobo mazikhethwe ngokungqinelana ne kombono ingcamango yombhali;
• ukusetyenziswa yamanani ezithile zentetho, nto leyo enika umbhalo isiSwati nezengqikelelo;
• ukubaluleka mkhulu umsebenzi kubuhle.

Kukho ezisetyenziswa umendo (Eziyintsonkotha isikweko uthelekiso synecdoche) kunye namanani zobugcisa (walithiywa olungagqibekanga, epiphora, hyperbola, tiga).

umfanekiso Artistic - indlela - ulwimi

Umbhali nawuphi na umsebenzi, hayi kuphela yoncwadi, kufuneka sisixhobo sokunceda umfowunelwa kunye kumboniseli okanye kumfundi. Ifomu zobugcisa na onezinto yalo zonxibelelwano. Apha kwaye kukho trilogy - umfanekiso obugcisa, isimbo nolwimi.

Lo mfanekiso - indlela ezichaphazela ihlabathi nobomi, oluvakaliswe lomculi esebenzisa ulwimi abawukhethileyo. It is a udidi ethile jikelele zobugcisa, luhlobo ukutyhilwa yehlabathi ngokwenza izibonelelo nezamkelekileyo ezikhoyo.

indlela Artistic ukwabizwa ngokuba nasiphi na isenzeko, ukusungulwa ngumbhali kulo msebenzi. intsingiselo yalo ubonakaliswa kuphela intsebenziswano kunye nomfundi okanye kumbukeli: ukuba uya kuqonda umntu ubona lixhomekeke zakhe iinjongo, ubuntu, chaza ngokweemvakalelo, inkcubeko kunye neenqobo, apho wamvusa.

Into yesibini triad "umfanekiso - style - ulwimi" libhekisela ngesandla ethile eziziimpawu umbhali okanye ilixa indibanisela iindlela kunye namacebo. Kwimizobo, kukho amagama ezintathu ezahlukeneyo - indlela kwexesha (iquka ixesha yezembali ixesha, esibonakala kwakukho izinto eziqhelekileyo, ezifana kwexesha yeVictorian kaThixo), kuzwelonke (phantsi kwakhe ukuqonda iimpawu ziqhelekilyo ngabantu abathile, uhlanga, umzekelo, isimbo Japanese) kunye ngamnye ( sithetha umzobi, ogama imisebenzi iimpawu ezingekho ezendeleyo kwezinye umgangatho, umzekelo, uPicasso).

Ulwimi kulo naluphi na uhlobo lobugcisa - kwenkqubo izixhobo ezibonwayo eyenzelwe ukuba asebenze ngokweenjongo umbhali ukudala imisebenzi, sisixhobo ngokudala umfanekiso yokuluka. It yenza unxibelelwano phakathi uMdali kunye nabaphulaphuli, likuvumela ukuba 'upeyinte' umfanekiso kunye iimpawu isimbo elifana kakhulu.

uhlobo ngalunye usebenzisa ubuchule kule ndlela: ukupeyinta - umbala, ukukrola - umthamo umculo - imvakalozwi, isandi. Ndawonye bakha ndidi zintathu - umfanekiso obugcisa, isimbo, ulwimi, uncedo lokufumana kufutshane umbhali ukuba siqonde ngcono ukuba wadala.

Kufuneka iqondwe into yokuba, nangona umahluko phakathi kwabo, izimbo ezizo iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, closed kakhulu. Bayakwazi rhoqo interpenetrate omnye komnye: hayi nje kuphela ukusetyenziswa ubugcisa kolwimi kuthetha nezinye iintlobo, kodwa ishishini esemthethweni linamanqaku ezininzi (zenyathi zamaphondo kunye komthetho ngokuthi ngokwemimiselo yayo kufutshane kwabo kwiinkalo zenzululwazi) efanayo zenzululwazi.

isigama Business ingena ulwimi oluthethwayo, kwaye vice versa. umbono Journalistic yokuthetha ngokusondeleyo sase ngomlomo esibhaliweyo kumda oluthethwayo kunye nesimbo ethandwayo zenzululwazi.

Ngaphezu koko, imeko yangoku ulwimi yayingathethi kuthetha into izinzile. Kunokuba athi ukuba zilingana olutshintshayo. Njalo kukho izinto ezintsha, Dictionary Russian zincediswa amazwi avela kwezinye iilwimi.

Ukudala iindlela ezintsha amagama ngoncedo zikhona. Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo inzululwazi nobuchwepheshe bakhuthalele kunegalelo ukutyebiseka kwesimbo lwenzululwazi zentetho. iikhonsepthi evela entsimini yezobugcisa yesayensi usiwe udidi ngokwemigaqo esesikweni kakhulu, abo okanye ezinye iinkqubo kunye nezimo. A iingqiqo zenzululwazi iqukiwe intetho eqhelekileyo.