Nenzululwazi yomthetho isohlwayo inkxaso umntwana; neziseko kwakhona kunye imali engahlawulwayo

Ngelishwa, ayisoloko abazali ukuze bahlawule isondlo abantwana babo, abahlala ngokwahlukileyo kubo. Izizathu oku kwahluka kakhulu. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba musa ukufeza iimfanelo zabo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umthetho Russian unika nesohlwayo isondlo. indlela yezomthetho kwiimeko ezinjalo ubonisa ukuba ngokufuthi eziqokelelwe banamatyala nje kuphela imali ematyaleni, kodwa izohlwayo.

Yintoni na inkxaso umntwana

umthetho Family kwe Russian Federation ilawula imiba yemivuzo, nto leyo ibonelelwa amanye amalungu entsapho ngokunxulumene kwabanye. Inzululwazi ye isondlo isohlwayo kubonisa ukuba kaninzi yenza isityalo malunga neentlawulo abantwana. Ukongeza, kukho isondlo ogula ngabazali, kodwa loo mabango azixhaphakanga kwaye kungakhokelela nezimangalo.

Iintlawulo isondlo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba isigqibo senkundla okanye ngokwesivumelwano amaqela. Ubungakanani iintlawulo ixhomekeke umhlawuli emvuzweni, ngokunjalo nenani labantwana abadinga umxholo. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela neemfanelo onetyala kukhokelela yokuba ukuba unikwe isigwebo ngokusilela ukuba ahlawule inkxaso umntwana. Nenzululwazi igcwele iimeko apho abo banamatyala nankathalo emiselweyo izohlwayo ezingqongqo kwabo non-yentlawulo imali yesondlo sabantwana. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko kufuneka ulumkele ukuba ukusilela okanye ukulibaziseka ekwenzeni imisebenzi kusoloko kukhokelela isohlwayo.

njengomonakalo kumthetho wembambano

Ukuba ngummi akukho dwelisa mali ezenzelwe ulondolozo abantwana abancinci, oko thaca nesohlwayo isondlo (nomthetho), ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu. Elirhoxisa le ntetho ubonakala omnye kukwaphula umthetho, ukuba onetyala kwakungekho sizathu sivakalayo iintlawulo ukupheliswa (ukugula, imeko enzima zemali, njl njl).

Izohlwayo violators ebizwayo yonke imihla, yaye emva beqokelela i umdla imali alimentoplatelschikov ngokuxhomekeke zolawulo okanye yolwaphulo uxanduva. Ngezantsi inkcazelo engakumbi malunga nendlela ekubalwa ngayo isohlwayo ngenxa yenkxaso yomntwana. inkqubo yezeejaji ibonisa ukuba umthetho usoloko kwicala abantwana ababudala bungaphantsi-. Kumthetho wembambano, le nto yenye yeendlela yokohlwaya nxamnye nabo abemi abaphula iimbopheleleko zabo. Ezinye iindlela ukohlwaya umthetho dodgers usapho ayinikezi.

Kuba yintoni ihlolwe isohlwayo?

Ukususela lixesha ngummi unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule imali yesondlo kwisizalwane esisondeleyo (idla umntwana minor), ukuba enze iintlawulo xa ngenxa kunye nexesha. Inzululwazi ye isondlo yesohlwayo ibonisa ukuba xa waphula omnye wemiqathango sisuke ilandelayo makeze amanyathelo omthetho phantsi kweSiqendu №115 komthetho. Nokuba ufuna ukuba kwelinye iqela (ummangali) iintlawulo ukusuka onetyala, lo violator uya kuthiwa thaca ulahle.

Xa kunzima ukubuyisa isohlwayo inkxaso umntwana?

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kwezinye iimeko, non-abangahlawuliyo papalata liability zokucotha kwentlawulo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, onetyala kufuneka angenise enkundleni isiqinisekiso lokonakala yobume bezemali okanye isiqinisekiso kwiziko lonyango engqina isigulo sakhe. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukufunyanwa umonakalo akwenziwa isondlo. inkqubo yezeejaji ubonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukucima izohlwayo zidla ababelwe ngokuveza izibakala obungenakuphikiswa.

Kangakanani ebizwayo isigwebo inkxaso umntwana?

Okwangoku, ngokufuthi Luhlala inkqubo yenkundla izinto ezingezo-intlawulo yesondlo ngokubhekiselele kubantwana abancinane. Iimfuno atyunjwa ngokungqinelana neSiqendu 115 № Code Family. Kwimeko intlawulo yetyala elingekahlawulwa okanye intlawulo imali ngaphantsi kwe neye sizimisele thaca isohlwayo ngokusilela ukuba ahlawule inkxaso umntwana. Calculation (kileyo) kufuneka nokuba ngenkani okanye ngokuzithandela. Kukholelwa isohlwayo ukubambezeleka ngemihla. Isixa-mali lokugqibela imiswe ngemali yendawo.

Inzululwazi ye isondlo isohlwayo kubonisa ukuba maxa wambi izohlwayo neye hayi icala, umzekelo ngenxa ekudodobaleni ngesiquphe imeko yemali okanye ukugula kakhulu. Isivumelwano esi sibini asikwazi ukwenza kunye ukusombulula lo mba kwezohlwayo. Kungenjalo, iintlawulo zenziwa yinkundla. It ibalwa kumyinge we-0.5% yemali eseleyo suku ngalunye.

Qala ukubala inzala yesohlwayo ukususela kusuku lokuqala emva onetyala uyekile ukwenza iintlawulo. Ngokomzekelo, iqela kufuneka ahlawule yesondlo ngenyanga de kube lusuku 15. Kwimeko kokulibazisa, ekubeni kukho amanani 16 isohlwayo. Ukongeza, osemthethweni okanye umzali womntwana, umntu oxhomekeke ngubani na minor angabonisa enkundleni ukuba ukungabikho iintlawulo kwadala ilahleko enkulu kwaye zifuna imbuyekezo eyongezelelweyo. ubukhulu balo umiselwe ukuba kutsalwe izixa apho isohlwayo ayigqitywanga. Le isohlwayo isebenza isiqinisekiso olongezelelweyo ukuba unetyala uya kungafezekiswa kweemfanelo zalo.

Ingaba kukho ummiselo ukulinganiselwa

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba isohlwayo (isondlo) ummiselo ukulinganiselwa. inkqubo yezeejaji ibonisa ukuba izohlwayo ebizwayo kuphela kule minyaka mithathu idluleyo. Ngelo xesha linye mali engundoqo isondlo uphele kuyo nayiphi na imeko kuthathwa kwi-deadbeat.

Abanye neye bacebisa ukuba amatyala izakulahleka emva kokuba umntwana efikelela ebudaleni, kodwa oku akuyonyani. Baya unokufuna njengomntwana ngokwakhe, kunye nomnye umzali, nasemva kokuba kweminyaka eli-18.

Ezahlukeneyo isohlwayo

Umthetho we-Russian Federation licebisa ngeendlela eziliqela ukuba uya kuhlawuliswa ukuhlawula isondlo. inkqubo yezeejaji iqwalasela kuphela ukwalela kungenxa elungileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, sisuke kuya kufuneka uhlawule isohlwayo.

Ukwahlula isohlwayo kweentlobo ezimbini: zomthetho kunye yemvumelwano. Umzekelo, ukuba abazali umnqophiso woxolo kunye namanye, imbuyekezo lingamiselwa ukuba isayizi nekwalungele omabini amaqela. Enye into, xa efikelele kwisivumelwano ayiphumelelanga kwaye isohlwayo otyunjwe yinkundla. Kwimeko yokuqala, ubukhulu minimum and esiphezulu ndibuvelela isohlwayo akakho, kwaye intlawulo yesibini ibalwa ngo-0.5% ngosuku, ngokungqinelana nomthetho.

kolawulo

Omnye umbuzo ukuba ukuphazamisa abazali uceba ukumangalela, - lwezobulungisa lwengingqi. Kuchazwa yi-Civil Procedure Code. Ukuba kunjalo ibandakanya inkxaso umntwana, isicelo esifakwe kwinkundla ekufuphi kwi yokuhlala lommangali. Ukuba abazali ekuvunyelwene ngoxolo kwiintlawulo, ngoko ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo kulawulwa inqaku №32 ye-Code Family.

Le phakeji yokufunda kwamaxwebhu sokuhlawula

Ukuqalisa inkqubo, kufuneka afake isicelo enkundleni. Ukongeza, ummangali uya kufuna ikopi yomgwebo a an sothimbo (ndiwuthabathile bailiffs). Isigqibo ekubaleni ezikweletini athatyathwe igosa lezomthetho, ngubani benza lo msebenzi. Kwakhona kufuneka isiqinisekiso sokuzalwa kunye ukubalwa isohlwayo.

umsebenzi lesizwe

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba naziphi na iinkqubo zomthetho kufuna intlawulo karhulumente. Oku kumiselwa ngokungqinelana amayeza weSiqendu 333 loMthetho weRhafu Code of Russia. Ngokusekelwe yakhe zokusombulula umsebenzi karhulumente kufuneka ubuncinane-4% yemali iyonke yebango. Ukongeza, xa isicelo enkundleni iya kuhlawuliswa kummangali $ 100. Amagqwetha Sicebisa ukukhokhela nje umrhumo ayisosinyanzelo kwaye ipesenti ethile amabango ukuba bayafikelela ukwenza kamva. Inyaniso yokuba isohlwayo kwinkqubo yenkundla ingatshintsha.

kileyo

Abazali emva komtshato kufuneka bazazi izibophelelo zabo ubanjwe nkqi nangokungqongqo. Umzekelo asifanele, silibale ukuba onke amatyala kufuneka ube ngummiselo ukulinganiselwa, ngoko ukumangalela ukufunyanwa isohlwayo kuyimfuneko ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kuba xa kwimeko ukungabikho elide kweentlawulo anconywa kwintlawulo unetyala kuphela kwiinyanga 36 yokugqibela. Kwezinye iimeko, isohlwayo ngokubanzi ayikwazi kuvavanywa, umzekelo, ukuba ityala esekwe asilotyala ummangalelwa. Oku kwenzeka xa, emva kokuba ukunikezelwa isondlo ibango awusebenzi le bailiffs.

Inzululwazi ye isondlo isohlwayo kubonisa ukuba ekubaleni nasiphi na isohlwayo zifuna ubungqina. Onetyala unako ukuxolela ukusuka isohlwayo ngokupheleleyo okanye ukunciphisa kakhulu. Ukuze benze oku, lo Mhlawuli kufuneka banike ubungqina imeko enzima zemali, unciphiso kumsebenzi okanye ukugula.

Enoba kwakuyintoni na, abazali nankathalo kufuneka bazazi izibophelelo zabo kwaye soyike ematyaleni nokwenza iintlawulo kwi ixesha siphephe iingxaki. Kuba non-intlawulo kwakhona alungiselele ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Umzekelo, ummangalelwa angenza angenise ngebhaxa okanye ebanjiwe. Ukongeza, non-abangahlawuliyo maxa wambi, ndayihluthwa amalungelo lwabo lobuzali, xa kusenziwa kwiimeko ezinjalo. Ekupheleni kwale unina okanye uyise engakhathaliyo abakwazi ukunxibelelana umntwana ukuba afanelekele uncedo yayo ebudaleni.

Ukuncipha kwezohlwayo inkxaso umntwana: practice wenkundla

izohlwayo ngamanye amaxesha ethe ibonakale ilawula ummangalelwa, yaye ubaphatha ibango ukuncitshiswa zazo kunokwenzeka. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba isicelo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ijaji isigqibo kwicala yokunciphisa intlawulo kuphela xa kukho isizathu esivakalayo. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa iimeko xa abemi abo ekunciphiseni ezifunwayo isohlwayo ngenxa yenkxaso yomntwana. inkqubo yezeejaji lubonisa oku kulandelayo.

Le Nkundla akusenzi isohlwayo isondlo, zadala ngokupheleleyo:

1. Susumansky Court of kummandla Magadan ngo-2011 kwakhona isicelo kunye nobukhulu kweentlawulo zishiywe zingatshintshanga. isixa isohlwayo sidlula isixa-mali ezibalaseleyo, kodwa abantwana ekuhlaleni iindidi abasengozini ngenxa yabantu, uyise aphambuka wayalelwa ukuba ahlawule inkxaso umntwana ngokupheleleyo kunye nesohlwayo phezu kwabo.
2. inkundla yesithili Kirovsky kwisixeko yaseKhabarovsk nyaka njengento kwimeko isohlwayo, kukhokelela ekuncipheni isixa zesohlwayo. Kwenziwa isigqibo kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimfuno elibi sentlawulo, imeko yomtshato kunye nomgangatho ingeniso yosapho yommangalelwa.

Intlawulo isohlwayo isondlo: ukwaliwa

Ngelishwa, abazali abanganyanisekanga Ungafumana ezahlukahlukeneyo yezizathu, kodwa ukubhatala amatyala exhasa umntwana abantwana babo. Popular zonke kukungabikho indawo esisigxina yomsebenzi apho ummangalelwa. Noko ke, le nyaniso kukuba akukho sizathu, kuba ntlawulo kuvavanywa njenge isixa esiqingqiweyo. Isohlwayo ziya kuqokelelwa kuphela xa umamkeli yesondlo isigqibo wamnikela yenkonzo bailiffs enkundleni, nto leyo kuzibandakanya ngakumbi kule kwakhona.

rhoqo kakhulu kangangokuba imali ezingasetyenziswanga inhlawulo omkhulu, kwaye sisuke akakwazi ukuhlawula ityala. isigwebo okwehlileyo kuphela xa kukho imihlaba kakhulu. Njengoko babemamkele yempilo le lommangalelwa ezibhaliweyo, ukuncipha inkonzo, kwakunye nezinye izizathu. Ukuba kukho izizathu ukuba abahlawuli angafaka isicelo enkundleni ukuba elirhoxisa isohlwayo okanye kwingxelo kwisixa oluhlaziweyo isohlwayo. Umntu onetyala unyanzelekile ukuba ukungqina ukuba wayezama ukuphucula imeko yakhe mali kwaye ezi kwazanywa aziphumelelanga.